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1.
This paper presents the analyses of twelve prestressed concrete (PSC) instrumented test piles that were driven in different bridge construction projects of Louisiana in order to develop analytical models to estimate the increase in pile capacity with time or pile setup. The twelve test piles were driven mainly in cohesive soils. Detailed soil characterizations including laboratory and in situ tests were conducted to determine the different soil properties. The test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges, piezometers, pressure cells that were monitored during the whole testing period. Several static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests were conducted on each test pile at different times after end of driving (EOD) to quantify the magnitude and rate of setup. Measurements of load tests confirmed that pile capacity increases almost linearly with the logarithm of time elapsed after EOD. Case pile wave analysis program was performed on the restrikes data and was used along with the load distribution plots from the SLTs to evaluate the increase in skin friction capacity of individual soil layers along the length of the piles. The logarithmic linear setup parameter “A” for unit skin friction was calculated of the 70 individual clayey soil layers and was correlated with different soil properties such as undrained shear strength (Su), plasticity index, vertical coefficient of consolidation (cv), over consolidation ratio and sensitivity (St). Nonlinear multivariable regression analyses were performed, and three different empirical models are proposed to predict the pile setup parameter “A” as a function of soil properties. For verification, the subsurface soil conditions and setup information for additional 18 PSC piles collected from local database were used to compare the measured versus predicted “A” parameters from the proposed models, which showed good agreement. 相似文献
2.
Slow-maintained static load tests were performed on closed-ended and open-ended steel pipe piles driven side by side in a gravelly sand soil profile. The site investigation consisted of multiple cone penetration tests (CPTs) and standard penetration tests (SPTs), as well as laboratory tests on soil samples collected at various depths from the test site to determine basic soil properties. The test piles were densely instrumented with a combination of electrical-resistance and vibrating-wire strain gauges. The open-ended test pile was a specially fabricated double-wall, fully-instrumented pile, allowing for separation of the measurements of the inner and outer shaft resistances. Detailed comparison of the load test results, in terms of driving resistance, load response and profiles of unit shaft and base resistances for the two test piles, is presented and discussed. The applicability of three CPT-based pile design methods is assessed through a layer-by-layer comparison of the estimated resistances with those measured in the static load tests. 相似文献
3.
根据超长桩的现场静载荷试验资料,分析了超长桩的单桩荷载传递特性。结果表明,超长桩表现出端承摩擦桩的特性,桩顶以下l/3桩长及桩端以上l/6范围内的桩侧摩阻力极限值接近规范推荐值,而中间部分的桩侧摩阻力远远大于规范值,表现出强化效应,桩端注浆桩的侧摩阻力强化效应更加明显。根据其荷载传递特性,提出了单桩极限承载力的估算公式,实例计算结果和实测结果较吻合。 相似文献
4.
The present study investigates the increasing in ultimate pile capacity and studied the soil plugging phenomenon and the incremental filing ratio for a modified type of open-ended pipe pile. The modification performed by adding steel plates as wings with special dimensions and fixed on the exterior face of the pipe pile wall at a location near the pile tip with specified dimensions. Five wings have used for each new model of pipe pile. These wings distributed in equal spacing along with the circumstances of the exterior wall of the open-ended pipe piles. The efficiency of the proposed type studied by modelling and manufacturing twelve piles (40 mm diameter, L/D = 15 and L/D = 20). Complete setup manufactured for installing and loading the piles in a constant rate of penetration. The model piles installed in poorly graded loose dry sand. The obtained results show that the proposed type has a higher ultimate bearing capacity. The percentage of increase reaches more than 50%. The development of the load capacity is due to the three effects. The first is increases of the exterior shaft friction, and the second effect creates a new end-bearing capacity under the constrained soil between the exterior wings. And the third effect is developing the end-bearing capacity under the soil plug inside open-ended pipe pile due to the first and the second effects. 相似文献
5.
The plugging of pipe piles is an important phenomenon, which is not adequately accounted for in the current design recommendations. An open-ended pipe pile is said to be plugged when the soil inside the pile moves down with the pile, resulting in the pile becoming effectively closed-ended. Plugging is believed to result in an increase in the horizontal stresses between the pile and the surrounding soil, which results in an increase in skin friction. A total number of 60 model pile tests are carried out to investigate the behavior of plugs on the pile load capacity and the effects of plug removal. Different parameters are considered, such as pile diameter–to–length ratio, types of installation in sands of different densities, and removal of the plug in three stages (50, 75, and 100 %) with respect to the length of plug. The changes in the soil plug length and incremental filling ratio (IFR) with the penetration depth during pile driving show that the open-ended piles are partially plugged from the outset of the pile driving. The pile reached a fully plugged state for pressed piles in loose and medium sand and partially plugged (IFR = 10 %) in dense sand. For driven piles, the IFR is about 30 % in loose sand, 20 % in medium sand, and 30 % in dense sand. The pile load capacity increases with increases in the length of the plug length ratio (PLR). The rate of increase in the value of the pile load capacity with PLR is greater in dense sand than in medium and loose sand. Based on test results, new empirical relation for the estimation of the load carrying capacity of open-ended piles based on the IFR is proposed. 相似文献
6.
采用布里渊光时域反射技术（BOTDR）对灌注桩进行了分布式应变检测,据此计算桩身位移、桩身挠度、桩身轴力、侧摩阻力和桩端阻力等参量,并在一复杂地质条件场地内两种不同长度和工艺类型的灌注桩内力测试中等到应用,测试表明:灌注桩加载过程中,桩身应变分布在塌孔、夹层及地层分界面等部位出现异常;荷载主要由桩身侧摩阻力承担,桩端阻力在试验荷载内都未发挥;桩基承载能力和特性差异主要由施工工艺及地层条件不同所引起。 相似文献
7.
湿陷性黄土地区基桩承载力检测中桩顶荷载是在土体沉降后施加的,桩基使用条件下是桩顶荷载施加之后再出现土体沉降。简要分析了这两种加载次序之间桩土相互作用差异的机制。采用有限元方法分析了这种差异。计算结果表明,在这两种加载次序中,桩顶荷载的增加都会引起沉降增加,中性点下降,下拉力减小。结果还表明,与桩顶荷载先施加的相比,桩顶荷载后施加得到的中性点的位置比较低,桩基沉降比较小,下拽力也较小,这些差异随着桩顶荷载的增大而更加明显。在两种加载次序的各个加载阶段,桩周摩阻力的分布与发挥也会出现细微的变化。这会使湿陷性黄土地区桩的承载力检测结果略微偏于不安全 相似文献
8.
高桩码头接岸结构中的桩基础,在抛石的作用下将产生负摩擦力。通过支撑桩及自由桩上负摩擦力的现场试验研究,获得抛石过程中基桩内力随深度变化的基本规律。抛石过程中基桩上的负摩擦力主要产生在抛石段。同时,抛石作为附加荷载,将引起下方软弱土层的固结沉降,桩土之间产生相对位移,从而在抛石段下方一定范围内也产生负摩擦力作用。承台荷载对负摩擦力的大小和分布有着重要的影响。提出的负摩擦力分布规律和采用有效应力法计算层状土负摩擦力的公式,可为桩基础的设计,尤其对水下单面抛石施工的设计及采取消减负摩擦力的措施提供依据。 相似文献
9.
泥岩地基中泥岩的桩侧摩阻力设计参数比较缺乏。通过对吉林省龙华松花江特大桥工程试桩的自平衡静载试验分析,并结合室内桩和泥岩接触中型剪切摩擦试验,揭示了该地区泥岩地基中大直径深长灌注桩泥岩侧摩阻力作用机制及承载特征,得出了一些对泥岩地基中钻孔灌注桩的设计和深入研究具有指导意义的结论。结果表明：大直径深长桩桩端阻力分担的荷载只占总承载力的一小部分,属摩擦型桩。自平衡测试中,全风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到173 kPa,强风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到279 kPa,中等风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到336 kPa,实测值较规范参考值大很多。建议在桩基设计时通过室内桩和泥岩接触中型剪切摩擦试验,基于莫尔库伦理论预估泥岩侧摩阻力,为桩基承载力的确定提供参考。 相似文献
10.
通过静载荷试验可直接测到桩顶的荷载-沉降（Q-s）曲线。由管桩内预先埋设的应变计的内力测试结果可计算出土阻力与桩-土相对位移的关系,并进一步做高应变测试和拟合分析,得出了高应变拟合的Q-s曲线。对Q-s曲线作动静结果对比分析,探讨了在深厚软土中的超长PHC管桩的桩顶沉降特性。结果表明,当荷载不大时,高应变拟合的沉降大于静载实测的沉降,但当荷载接近极限值时高应变的沉降小于静载的沉降。结果亦表明,当超长PHC管桩桩身穿过一定深度的好土层、桩端进入全风化或更好的岩层时,不管是静载试验还是高应变动力测试,都很难使土阻力得到充分发挥,此时静载实测的和高应变拟合的Q-s曲线都呈缓变型特征。 相似文献
11.
Pile foundation system in limestone rock layers is commonly used in Riyadh area, Saudi Arabia, for high-rise building, bridges, and other structures. Especially in Riyadh region, bored piles are used for bridges and underpasses not only because of bearing capacity but mainly because of limited spaces for using shallow foundations. In addition, piles are used for bridges over wadis to avoid scouring effects. The loads are transferred by the pile from a superstructure to the rock strata through side friction and end-bearing resistance. However, there are no studies conducted in Riyadh area to quantify the skin friction capacity of pile embedded in limestone rock. Accordingly, this experimental study describes in details the behavior of load transfer mechanism through side friction only on a reinforced concrete pile (75 mm diameter and 150 mm long) constructed on hard limestone rock sample. Soft material (Styrofoam) was placed at the bottom of the pile to eliminate the effect of end-bearing resistance. Unconfined compression test was conducted on intact rock sample to find out the properties of the rock used. The result of the ultimate side friction obtained from the test was compared with values predicted by other researcher methods mentioned in the literature. 相似文献
12.
This paper introduces a simplified method to investigate the influence of thermal loads on the shaft friction and tip resistance of energy piles. The method is based on the influence factors (λ and η) which are back-calculated drawing on a large number of field and model tests. Values for λ and η during heating and cooling are suggested. Moreover, a new equation is proposed to calculate total shaft friction. The equations concerning the relationship between η and temperature difference are recommended to investigate the impacts of the thermal load on the pile tip resistance. The slope of the linear equation of an end-bearing pile is 2.14 times that of a floating pile indicating that the pile tip resistance of an end-bearing pile is much more affected by the same thermal load. 相似文献
13.
刚性桩复合地基沉降计算问题目前尚未得到较好的解决,主要原因之一:是不甚了解复合地基中应力场的分布规律。为此,在两种土质中各进行了1组9桩复合地基试验。在桩间土及桩身分别埋设压力盒和钢筋计,对刚性桩复合地基桩间土不同深度的竖向应力、桩身轴力、侧摩阻力进行了仔细地观测。所得结果揭示了桩间土竖向应力σ_z、桩侧阻的分布规律以及荷载传递的全过程。试验结果可以为复合地基沉降计算的假定提供合理依据,同时,能够为荷载传递机理的研究带来帮助。 相似文献
14.
A new computer program “PILESET” is developed for use in predicting the bearing capacity and load-settlement behaviour of axially loaded single piles. The program can analyse almost any soil profile and accommodates (a) displacement piles (b) replacement (c) friction piles, (d) end-bearing piles, (e) under-reamed piles and (f) partially sleeved piles. A variety of soil input data can be used, including: (i) standard penetration tests, (ii) cone/piezo-cone tests, (iii) pressure-meter tests and (iv) laboratory tests. The above data types can be combined, if desired, for pile analysis by PILESET. The program calculates the shaft and base capacities of a pile based on 23 methods published in design guides in over 10 European countries. PILESET also predicts the pile load-settlement curve using five published methods, which include two modified load transfer ( t-z) approaches formulated by the author. To demonstrate the capabilities of the program, analysis is carried out for case study involving seven full-scale screw piles formed in sand and tested to failure. In each case, the load-settlement curve computed using the author’s modified method in PILESET is found to be in excellent agreement with the actual pile test results. 相似文献
15.
通过对粉土中混凝土单桩竖向静载荷的模型试验,分析了在桩周土堆载条件下,端承桩、摩擦端承桩在桩周土含水率变化时,桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力的变化规律及不同土层的沉降、“中性点”位置和下拽力的变化。研究发现,摩擦端承桩“中性点”位置随桩周土含水率、堆载等级的变化而变化,在最优含水率附近,土层的下陷量较大,致桩体沉降量也大,故“中性点”的位置会有所上升;随着桩周土堆载的增大,桩周土对桩侧的下拽力也增大,桩体进一步下陷,使桩土相对位移反而减少,“中性点”有所上升。 相似文献
16.
富锦－绥滨松花江大桥基础采用直径2.0 m的钻孔灌注桩。通过数据采集,由锚桩法测得的45 m试桩和自平衡测得的70 m试桩上段桩的荷载-沉降关系、竖向承载特性、桩侧摩阻力等进行对比分析。分析结果表明：在极限状态下,两者位移相差14.97 mm,侧阻力相差7.30%;长、短试桩各土层桩侧阻力的实测值都满足要求。在桩-土体系破坏之前、相同荷载条件下,两者位移的差值有变大的趋势,相同土层的桩侧摩阻力相吻合 相似文献
17.
负摩阻力是桩周土体沉降产生的桩附加沉降和下拽力的综合效应。为了研究不同的桩顶荷载对负摩阻力基桩性状的影响,在同一个试验场地上,对不同桩顶荷载作用下完全相同的3根桩的负摩阻力性状进行了现场测试。测试结果表明,桩顶荷载对于桩的负摩阻力性状有明显影响。随着桩顶荷载的增加,负摩阻力引起的桩附加沉降越大,桩周土体沉降引起的负摩阻力就越小;负摩阻力引起的下拽力也随着桩顶荷载的增加而减小;中性点位置随着桩顶荷载的增加而上升。这对桩基负摩阻力特性的研究是有益的。 相似文献
19.
负摩阻力问题广泛存在于桩基工程中,在我国西北部自重湿陷性黄土地区尤为普遍,若处理不当,将导致严重的桩基功能失效。由于湿陷性黄土地区基桩负摩阻力受各种因素的影响,目前大面积现场浸水载荷试验仍是确定负摩阻力大小和发展规律最有效的方法。结合山西某电厂地基处理试验中大直径桩的大面积浸水静载荷试验,对自重湿陷性黄土浸水过程中桩侧负摩阻力的变化规律及湿陷变形对基桩竖向承载力性能的影响进行了分析,得到了桩侧负摩阻力的分布规律及对承载性状的影响,具有重要的工程指导意义。 相似文献
20.
为了研究抗拔桩在循环加载过程中桩身的性状,选取杭州萧山某工地两根抗拔桩作为试桩进行循环加载试验。在抗拔桩桩身埋设钢筋应力计,测量循环加载过程中桩身应力的变化情况;在桩身预埋钢管,测量桩顶及桩端上拔量。通过对桩身应力及桩顶、桩端上拔量的分析,研究循环加载对抗拔桩承载力及上拔量的影响。综合分析抗拔桩承受循环荷载时的桩顶、桩端上拔量、桩身轴力以及桩侧摩阻力分布可知,当抗拔桩承受循环荷载时,且临界循环荷载水平较大（接近或者达到1）,抗拔桩经过2～3次循环加载后就发生破坏,其研究结果可供其他类似工程参考。 相似文献
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