共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
红翎菜科海藻藻体形态结构多样,部分个体在长期进化过程中发生了形态特征的变异,其分类学一直是研究的热点和难点。本研究选取了23Sribosomal RNA gene(UPA)、cox2-3和rbc spacer 3个片段运用PCR扩增的方法研究了红翎菜科4种海藻的序列结构特征,结果表明琼枝、卡帕藻属2种海藻和麒麟菜的UPA长度均为326bp,GC含量46.0%～46.3%;cox2-3序列长度分别为141、139和141bp,GC含量19.3%～23.7%;rbc spacer序列长度分别为93、93和94bp,GC含量22.3%～23.7%。利用PAUP软件分别用邻接法(NJ)、最大似然法(ML)和最大简约法(MP)对红翎菜科海藻进行系统发育分析,结果表明3个属海藻均可以通过UPA、cox2-3和rbc spacer 3个片段得到有效的区分,并且这3个片段也均可进一步将卡帕藻属2个种区分开来。本文在分析基因片段的基础上,比较了3个属不同物种间的信息位点,为分子系统学研究提供了一定的数据支持。 相似文献
2.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(2)
REMAP是基于反转录转座子的一种分子标记技术,具有检测灵敏和多态性高的优点。本研究首次将REMAP技术应用于琼枝(Betaphycus gelatinae)、长心卡帕藻(Kappaphycus alvarezii)和麒麟菜(Eucheuma denticulatum)红翎菜科海藻的群体变异研究中。本研究共筛选出20对具有多态性的引物,在24株无性繁殖海藻中扩增得到500个位点,平均每对引物扩增位点数为25。研究结果表明,该标记技术在红翎菜科海藻中具有很好的适用性和通用性。红翎菜科海藻五个群体之间多态位点比例为100%,群体内部多态位点比例为3.8%~8.8%,同一藻株不同组织部位之间多态位点比例为18.62%~39.54%,证实了红翎菜科海藻在营养生长中广泛存着较高程度的变异,这为红翎菜科海藻种质资源创新及其良种选育提供了一种新的标记技术。 相似文献
3.
4.
中国麒麟菜族的分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
麒麟菜是生产卡拉胶的主要原料(Doty,et al.,1978)。麒麟菜的研究在其他国家起步校早,Agardh J.于1847年创立了麒麟菜属 Eucheuma,随后,荷兰藻类学家Weber-van Bosse(1928)、日本藻类学家Yamada(1936),以及Kraft(1969)都有较详细的报道;此外,还有一些区域性的研究报告(Taylor,1960;Dawson,1961;Dawes, et al.,1974; Cheney,et al.,1988)。我国从50年代起陆续开展了麒麟菜的资源保护、繁殖及养殖工作,主要开发利用的是琼枝 Betaphycus gelatinum。1985年我国从菲律宾引进了异枝麒麟菜(吴超元等,1988),现称长心卡帕藻Kappaphycus alvarezii。从分类的角度来说,琼枝藻属和卡帕藻属在我国为属的新记录。
1985年,美国藻类学家Dory和 Norris从商业角度出发,提出了15种具有商业价值的麒麟菜的分类标准,使麒麟菜属的分类研究获得较大进展;1988年,Doty再次修正了18种麒麟菜的分类标准,并在红翎菜科内新建了麒麟菜族Eucheurnatoidae,其中除麒麟菜属外,还建立了一新属一一卡帕藻属Kappapyrus,1996年再次新增了琼枝藻属Betaphycus。
随着世界工业的发展,目前卡拉胶的需求量大增,作为其主要原料之一的麒麟菜种类甚多,每属富含的卡拉胶的种类不同(琼枝藻属以β-型、麒麟菜属以t-型、卡帕藻属以k-型卡拉胶为主)(Doty,1996),同时特定的工业也要选用特定类型的卡拉胶,因此,正确区分这三属的不同种工作是十分重要的。迄今,我国关于麒麟菜的研究,除了一些区域性的调查外(夏恩洪,1963),还没有分类方面的专论性研究。因此,本文试图通过对所能收集到的标本的分析研究,明确我国产的琼枝藻属、麒麟菜属和卡帕藻属的种类、产地和种类间的区别,为卡拉胶实验的科学研究部门和生产单位在选择实验材料、选种养殖或收购原料时提供依据。 相似文献
5.
通过形态构造观察和分子生物学相结合的方法,对栽培于我国海南的长心卡帕藻(Kap-paphycus alvarezii)株系XC-03(陵水)和麒麟菜族未知种株系LD-02(三亚)和LD-06(三亚)进行了鉴定,并与细齿麒麟菜(Eucheuma denticulatum)株系TSNY-05进行比较分析,结果表明:长心卡帕藻株系XC-03与麒麟菜族未知种株系LD-02和LD-06之间在分枝形状、长短、分布以及突起数量等藻体外部形态特征方面具有明显差异;它们的表皮、皮层和髓部细胞大小、皮层细胞层数和胶质层厚度等显微结构特征亦不相同,但分子鉴定表明该3个株系为同一个种,即长心卡帕藻。它们的ITS序列相似度为99.69%~99.85%,株系XC-03与LD-02之间仅有1个碱基转换和1个碱基颠换,株系XC-03与LD-06和株系LD-02与LD-06之间均分别仅有1个碱基转换和1个碱基颠换。长心卡帕藻与细齿麒麟菜的ITS序列相似度只有41.28%,两者差异较大。用RAPD,ISSR和ITS标记分析表明长心卡帕藻3个株系的两两间遗传距离分别介于0.122 9~0.153 5,0.068 8~0.112 4和0.002~0.005。用neighbor-joining和UPGMA聚类分析皆显示长心卡帕藻株系XC-03与LD-06的亲缘关系较近,与株系LD-02相对较远,而细齿麒麟菜单独列为一支。该研究为长心卡帕藻的种质鉴定和遗传育种研究提供了依据。 相似文献
6.
测定了角叉菜属(Chondrus)5个代表种的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8SrDNA基因序列。结果表明,角叉菜属ITS区(含ITS1、5.8SrDNA和ITS2)序列长度范围为704—714bp,G+C含量为44.6%—45.7%,变异位点69个,信息位点16个;其中,ITS1和ITS2的长度范围分别为147—149bp和398—404bp。5.8SrDNA长度为158bp,没有变异和信息位点。由MEGA3构建的系统进化树(ME和MP)显示:在进化尺度上,真红藻纲的松节藻科(Rhodomelaceae)与红毛菜纲(Bangiophyceae)亲缘关系较近。在真红藻纲内,杉藻目(Gigartinales)的进化地位相对较高,其次是海膜科(Halymeniaceae)、石花菜科(Gelidiaceae)、红叶藻科(Delesseriaceae)和粉枝藻科(Liagoraceae)等,而松节藻科进化地位相对较低。在杉藻目内,杉藻科(Gigartinaceae)和胶黏藻科(Dumontiaceae)进化关系密切,而形态学特征相似的角叉菜和马泽藻(Mazzaella)亲缘关系非常近。 相似文献
7.
采用PCR扩增的方法获得了第一个松藻目物种长松藻(Codium cylindricum)的ITS序列,长松藻ITS全长515bp,其中ITS1的长度为74bp,5.8S序列长163bp,ITS2的长度为278bp.与已知的绿藻门其它5个目8个属物种的ITS序列的系统发育分析结果表明,绿藻门物种分为三大支,其中团藻目藻类为一支,松藻目和刚毛藻目藻类为一支,石莼目、顶管藻目和丝藻目藻类构成一大支;长松藻与刚毛藻目的刚毛藻属和硬毛藻属物种同为多核藻体,在系统发生上表现出更近的亲缘关系;不同绿藻目海藻的聚类关系表明,其能够准确地反映出其在单核与多核、单细胞与多细胞等生物结构特性方面的差异与水平. 相似文献
8.
9.
于2011年9月至2013年1月,在海南陵水热带海藻实验基地,利用篮子鱼(Siganus fuscessens)内脏研磨制备消化酶,开展了酶解制备大型产胶红藻长心卡帕藻(Kappaphycus alvarezii)和细齿麒麟菜(Eucheuma denticulatum)的原生质体研究,观察了不同酶解条件对两种产胶海藻原生质体产量和产率的影响。结果表明,细齿麒麟菜原生质体得率高于长心卡帕藻;在藻泥与酶浓度配比中,长心卡帕藻或细齿麒麟菜藻泥越多,所制备出的原生质体产量越高,而其制备效率却越低;在温度(20~30℃)梯度中,有最高原生质体产量和效率的酶解温度为25℃;在pH 6.0~8.0的实验酶解梯度中,酶解pH 6.0时的酶解效果最好;在12~48 h实验酶解时间梯度中,酶解时间为48 h时原生质体产量和得率最高;酶解时间越长,长心卡帕藻或细齿麒麟菜原生质体制备效率越高。为此建议在25℃和pH6.0条件下,适当增加海藻藻泥用量和延长酶解时间,以更有效获得原生质体。 相似文献
10.
自胶州湾分离培养2株微藻(MGB0401和MGB0402)。经形态学鉴定为新月细柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)。MGB0401和MGB0402的18S核糖体RNA基因(rDNA)扩增片段长度为1775 bp,存在10个碱基差异。MGB0401和MGB0402的rbcL基因扩增片段长度为1190 bp,有45个碱基差异,对应的氨基酸序列存在4个氨基酸残基差异。系统学分析表明,2株微藻与已知新月细柱藻相应序列亲缘关系最近。微藻常用系统学分析用基因的序列不仅是分类鉴定的补充指标,也是不同研究结果相互比较的重要基础。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
15.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献