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1.
牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):141-147
实验研究牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构 。光镜观察显示,牙鲆外周血中包括六种类型的血细胞：红细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单 核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞,未见嗜碱性粒细胞;淋巴细胞的体积最小,单核细 胞的体积最大;在白细胞中,淋巴细胞数量最多,嗜酸性粒细胞数量最少;此外,还可见到 正在分裂的血栓细胞,说明血栓细胞可在外周血液中经直接分裂产生。电镜研究结果表明, 牙鲆红细胞的细胞质均匀,有少量线粒体和囊泡以及大量的极细颗粒;淋巴细胞核大且中位 、胞质中含较多的游离核糖体,胞体具有短伪足;单核细胞的核偏位且形态不规则,胞质中 有内吞泡和较多的细胞器;颗粒白细胞可根据颗粒的不同形态分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种类型。同时,对牙鲆血细胞结构与功能的关系进行了较系统的探讨。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(3)
重组表达了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)T淋巴细胞表面标志分子CD3的蛋白,制备出其兔多克隆抗体(多抗),采用免疫双荧光流式细胞术,观察外周血白细胞中的T、B淋巴细胞并计算其比例。分别向牙鲆腹腔内注射107 CFU/mL的迟缓爱德华氏菌和其灭活疫苗,于0、1、3、5、7、9、14、21和28天后抽取外周血,用抗红细胞单抗的流式细胞术测定红细胞和白细胞的比例和浓度,提取外周血白细胞,用流式细胞术测定T、B淋巴细胞的比例。研究显示,CD3多抗和IgM单抗分别识别T、B淋巴细胞,二抗体无交叉反应,白细胞中T细胞占(7.49±1.5)%、B细胞占(14.64±1.8)%。感染和免疫后,牙鲆外周血红细胞浓度变化不显著,为(2.9±0.45)×10~9 cells/mL。感染组,白细胞浓度第3天显著上升,第14天达到最大值(4.7±1.7)×10~8cells/mL;T细胞比例第1天显著上升,第9天达到最大值(24.3±1.28)%;B细胞比例第1天显著升高,第21天达到最大值(40.9±1.52)%。免疫组,白细胞浓度第3天显著上升,第14天达最大值(7.1±1.8)×10~8cells/mL;T细胞比例第5天显著上升,第9天达最大值(20.5±1.12)%;B细胞比例第1天显著上升,第21天达到最大值(39.3±1.55)%。对照组,白细胞浓度为(6.9±1.6)×10~7cells/mL,T细胞比例为(8.05±1.38)%,B细胞比例为(13.77±1.56)%。研究结果表明,感染和免疫后牙鲆白细胞浓度、T、B细胞的比例均显著升高,感染组T、B细胞比例显著高于免疫组。本研究结果为血细胞作为牙鲆健康评估指标提供了数据资料。 相似文献
3.
采用膜片钳技术解析了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的大电导钙激活钾通道(BKca),研究了中华绒螯蟹BKca对血淋巴细胞吞噬和杀菌作用的影响,并探讨了其机制.结果表明,当Ca2+浓度在0.3-3.0μmol/L范围时,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的钙激活钾通道的开放表现出明显的钙依赖活性;培养液中游离Ca2+的添加显著增强了血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性,但对其吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响不显著;在6mmol/L[Ca2+]浓度条件下,加入不同浓度的Kca阻断剂四乙胺(Tetraethylammonium,TEA)后,血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性均显著降低,但其吞噬率和吞噬指数并未受到影响.这提示钙激活钾通道可能通过间接调节细胞内的钙离子浓度而在血淋巴细胞杀菌过程中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
4.
小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼形态特征观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用干法授精方法获得受精卵,在人工培育条件下对小黄鱼的胚胎及仔稚鱼形态发育进行观察,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。结果表明,小黄鱼受精卵呈圆球形,无色透明,单油球,浮性,卵径(1413±73)μm,油球径(465±23)μm。在水温(18±0.5)?C,盐度28下,历时50h40min完成孵化。初孵仔鱼全长(3256±112)μm,卵黄囊长径(1260±50)μm,短径(894±65)μm,肌节32对。在水温(19±1)?C下,仔、稚鱼发育历时35天,4日龄仔鱼开口摄食,6日龄卵黄囊消失,10日龄油球消失,15日龄尾椎骨向上弯曲,25日龄全长(7467±550)μm,各鳍发育基本完成,进入稚鱼期,35日龄全长(22158±420)μm,全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。 相似文献
5.
可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)卵子发生的组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用组织学方法研究了可口革囊星虫卵巢结构及卵子发生过程的形态学变化,以探究可口革囊星虫卵子发生过程及特征。结果表明,可口革囊星虫的卵巢位于收吻肌基部,由小叶组成的带状或块状组织。卵原细胞在卵巢中发育至早期卵母细胞时期单个或成团脱离卵巢入体腔液中,卵母细胞团细胞很快分离为单个细胞;卵母细胞在体腔液中发育成熟后进入肾管;生发泡破裂是卵母细胞成熟的标志;体腔中卵母细胞无滤泡膜,卵黄膜的形成与发育靠卵母细胞本身;卵径小于60μm的卵母细胞呈圆形,卵径大于60μm的卵母细胞为卵圆形,形态上成熟的卵母细胞短径约115-120μm、长径约140—145μm、卵黄膜厚7—9μm。以卵原细胞与卵母细胞发育的形态学特征为依据,将可口革囊星虫的卵子发生过程划分为：卵原细胞增殖期（卵径〈10μm）、卵母细胞小生长期（卵径10—20μm）、卵母细胞大生长期Ⅰ（卵径20—60μm）、卵母细胞大生长期Ⅱ[大小为（60pm×70μm）-（120μm×145μm）]、卵母细胞成熟期及退化期6个阶段,反映了可口革囊星虫卵子发生过程的动态变化。 相似文献
6.
本文制备海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)强毒株NUF849的福尔马林灭活全菌(FKC)、胞外产物(ECPs)以及全菌与胞外产物的混合物(FKC+ ECPs)3种免疫原,以其免疫牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus),并在免疫牙鲆后第42天分别以海豚链球菌NUF849和NUF812攻毒.在免疫牙鲆后第7、14、21、28、35、42天及攻毒后第7天分别取样,测定血细胞吞噬能力及血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力,以比较3种免疫原对这些免疫指标的影响.结果显示,免疫后尤其攻毒后,红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等的吞噬率与吞噬指数均上升,FKC+ ECPs组显著高于其他组(P＜0.05);各免疫组SOD活力随时间延长而下降并趋于稳定,攻毒后各组数值有不同程度的升高,但FKC+ ECPs组数值最低;免疫组POD活力先升高,第28天起下降,攻毒后各组均下降,FKC+ ECPs组始终高于其他免疫组(P＜0.05);免疫组ACP活力也在免疫后第28天达到峰值,以某株NUF849攻毒后FKC+ ECPs组水平上升(相对于免疫后第42天),其他组显著下降;FKC、ECPs、FKC+ ECPs对菌株NUF849的相对免疫保护宰分别为50％、40％和90％,对NUF812的相对免疫保护率分别为60％、30％和80％,FKC+ ECPs组显著高于其他组(P＜0.05).以上研究表明,各免疫组均诱导了牙鲆的非特异性免疫应答,具有一定的免疫保护效果,其中FKC+ECPs组效果最佳. 相似文献
7.
丛集球虫(顶复亚门:类锥体纲:丛集球虫科)是头足类消化道中一类常见寄生虫,在福建连江海域以及浙江南麂岛周边海域采捕到的中华蛸(Octopussinensis)盲囊及肠组织内发现一丛集球虫新种,命名为多刺丛集球虫Aggregata octaculeata sp. nov.。光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察发现,中华蛸体内的多刺丛集球虫存在配子生殖阶段和孢子生殖阶段,其中,孢子生殖阶段成熟卵囊呈近球形或椭球形,长径653.6—806.5μm,短径588.1—787.1μm。孢子囊为卵球形或椭球形,长径22.4—26.1μm,短径20.5—24.6μm,孢子囊壁为双层,外部光滑,内层多刺。孢子囊内子孢子呈卷曲状,数目范围8—13个,子孢子长度为22.2—28.6μm,宽度为3.0—5.0μm。基于18SrRNA基因构建的系统发育树进一步证实该物种隶属于丛集球虫属,并高度支持了属内[(中华丛集球虫A. sinensis+A. octopiana)+A. eberthi]+多刺丛集球虫A. octaculeata的系统发生关系。 相似文献
8.
选取健康的雄性黄鳍鲷Sparus latus 亲鱼进行人工采精,设定不同的盐度梯度、pH梯度,观察其对精子活力的影响,测定了精子的密度、大小和精浆的渗透压,同时用透射电镜观察精子的超微结构.结果表明,在盐度20时,精子的激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命最长,分别为70、90±1.3s和861±8.6s;在pH为8.0时,激烈运动、快速运动时间和寿命也最长,分别为90±3.7s、115±9.9s和500±11.6s.测得精子的平均密度为(8.0±0.6)×109个·ml-1,精子细胞核的长径为2.75±0.93μm,短径为2.25±0.68μm,鞭毛长为41.52±6.76μm,精浆的平均渗透压为342.6±12.35mmol·kg-1.超微结构显示,精子头部呈圆形或卵圆形,头部无顶体结构,植入窝位于细胞核底端的中间,中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,其中近端中心粒位于植入窝的上段,基体位于植入窝的下段.袖套位于核后端,两侧分布有线粒体和囊泡.尾部细长,其主要结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9 2"微管结构. 相似文献
9.
黑鲷外周血细胞的显微和超微结构观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用光镜和电镜技术研究了黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus外周血细胞的显微和超微结构.结果表明,血涂片经过染色,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性细胞、血栓细胞和浆细胞.电镜下红细胞中可见线粒体和囊泡;淋巴细胞可见特征性的中心体,细胞器较少,未见线粒体;单核细胞胞质中游离核糖体丰富,空泡多见,嗜天青颗粒和线粒体极少见;嗜酸性细胞含有4种类型的颗粒和其他细胞器;血栓细胞形态多样,胞质中富含游离核糖体和空泡,致密颗粒极少,具指状突起或丝状伪足;浆细胞胞质中可见成层的粗面内质网包绕在核周围,游离核糖体丰富,线粒体和空泡少量.此外,黑鲷血液中还观察到嗜酸性细胞吞噬红细胞的过程,以及血栓细胞蚕蚀红细胞和淋巴细胞侵蚀红细胞现象.对白细胞的吞噬性问题和粒细胞的分类问题进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
10.
报道了青弹涂鱼 ( Scartelaos virids ) 外周血细胞的显微结构,血涂片经过Wright液染色,可鉴定出红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞,未发现嗜酸性粒细胞.红细胞数量多,圆形,具圆核;血栓细胞体积最小,呈三五个聚集分布;嗜碱性粒细胞体积最大.淋巴细胞大小有三种:大淋巴细胞、中淋巴细胞和小淋巴细胞.在数量上,血栓细胞最多,淋巴细胞次之,单核细胞,嗜中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞则较少.此外,还见到红细胞、单核细胞可在外周血液中通过直接分裂产生,这说明红血细胞及白血细胞的部分种类也可在外周血直接分裂. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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17.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献