共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):497-514
The breeding and settlement seasons of the intertidal barnacles Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna and Elminius plicatus were determined, and experiments using cages on the shore to examine barnacle survival and growth rate at four levels were carried out at Leigh during 1964–66. Chamaesipho brunnea bred in spring and summer; C. columna and E. plicatus bred throughout the year, but settled intermittently. When protected from predators and from overgrowth by algae, all three species survived at levels lower than normal. At higher levels C. columna, E. modestus, Balanus trigonus and Tetraclita purpuraseens survived for significant periods (C. brunnea occurs naturally higher on the shore than the highest experimental level). 相似文献
2.
An agarase produced by a marine bacterium, a bacterial amylase, a fungal cellulase, and an actinomycetal chitinase were examined for their stability and hydrolytic activity at hydrostatic pressures existing in the deep sea. All four enzymes were from barophobic organisms which fail to grow at pressures exceeding 400 to 500 atm, but some observations were made on the hydrolase activity of barophilic bacteria grown at 500 to 1,150 atm. Al-though differing in the rates at which they catalyzed the hydrolysis of agar, starch, cellulose, and chitin respectively, all four enzymes were found to be active at deep-sea pressures and temperatures. These glycoside hydrolases were found to be much more baroduric than most oxidoreductases, transferases, and ligases (synthetases) which have been investigated. The chitinase and-amylase were about as stable at 1,000 atm as at 1 atm. Cellulase was also baroduric and active at 1,000 atm at pH 4.2, its pH optimum at 1 atm. The pressure tolerance of cellulase was much less at higher pH values characteristic of normal sea water, i.e., near pH 8.2. The activity of agarase (synthesized at 1 atm) was retarded by increased pressure, due largely to the inactivation of this enzyme system. However, barophilic bacteria, isolated from the deep sea, synthesize agarases which are active at 1,000 atm as indicated by the hydrolysis of agar.Contribution from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. 92037, U.S.A. 相似文献
3.
各种扩张速率下的洋中脊被转换断层和非转换断层分成许多段(长10到100km不等),而且这种岩浆活动和构造的分段特性在大西洋中脊表现特别明显。洋脊分段特征可以划分为4级。其中,转换断层是1级间断,其错断洋脊距离大于30km,其长度可达1000km左右,存在寿命可达10Ma。相邻转换断层之间的距离间隔也与扩张速率有关：扩张速率最慢处的距离间隔小于200km,中速一快速扩张脊为600～1000km,扩张速率大于140mm／a的脊段上未发现转换断层,总体上转换断层间距随扩张速率而增加。叠接拓展中心、斜向剪切带、火山间隔和横向断错等分别为2～4级间断,出现在两条转换断层之间,使洋中脊错断距离逐渐减少。2～4级区段的洋中脊长度也越来越小,存在的寿命也越来越短,直至4级区段的洋中脊长度一般小于10km,存在寿命为10^2～10^4a。这种分段性无论在超快速、快速、中速、慢速扩张脊,还是超慢速扩张脊都存在,其分段机制都与洋中脊拓展、叠接、跃迁(或废弃)、死亡过程密切相关,而拓展、叠接过程又受多种动力要素控制。正是洋中脊分段的动力机制控制了中央裂谷的存在与否。 相似文献
4.
W. J. Hastie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):507-515
Wave data are presented for Timaru, New Zealand, based on instrumental records collected between October 1981 and October 1982. Significant wave height ranged from 0.32–3.33 m with a mean value of 0.97 m. Significant wave period ranged from 5–17 s with a mean value of 10 s. The maximum wave height recorded was 6.30 m. A marked variation was found between summer and winter conditions. Winter months displayed a much greater range of wave conditions, significant heights were generally higher and significant periods longer. 相似文献
5.
Tomogashima Strait, which is an entrance of Osaka Bay, is a very important area for material transport because a large volume of pollutant-rich water in Osaka Bay is transported through this strait. We have investigated the cross sectional structures of current and material fluxes at Tomogashima Strait, Osaka Bay. Tidal current and residual flow patterns in cross section at Tomogashima Strait during summer and winter are almost the same, and residual flow in summer is stronger than that in winter. However, the net water exchange through the strait in summer was almost the same volume as that in winter. At Tomogashima Strait, total suspended matter (TSM) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and individual nitrogen and phosphorus compartments in Osaka Bay always flowed out except particulate organic nitrogen (PON). The average outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at Tomogashima Strait over a year were calculated to be 145 ton/d and 30 ton/d, respectively. The average outflow of DIN and DIP at Tomogashima Strait over a year were 95 ton/d and 13 ton/d (DIN/DIP = 16), respectively. Residence times of both DIN and DIP in Osaka Bay were estimated to be about two months. 相似文献
6.
湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的物种多样性和分布研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2004年8月对湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚资源进行调查,共采得柳珊瑚16种,分别属于7科14属;基本查清该海区柳珊瑚的分布状况。根据柳珊瑚群体颜色及骨针的形态学特征,系统阐述徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的系统分类关系,第一次系统研究了徐闻柳珊瑚的资源状况。结合国际上最新的柳珊瑚分类系统,对国内原有的形态分类系统作出了更新和改进,这将有助于国际上认同和了解中国柳珊瑚资源情况。研究发现了1个新记录科、4个新记录属和1个新记录种。等柳珊瑚科Parisididae为新记录科,Parisis、Paraplexaura、Villogorgia、Dichotella为新记录属,鞭柳珊瑚Ellisella maculataStuder,1878,为新记录种。 相似文献
7.
Bernard D. Zetler 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):237-248
Abstract The tides at Port Mansfield are so small (mean diurnal range of about 2 cm) that they are nearly lost in a noisy (meteorological) continuum. Nevertheless, a precise tidal analysis is necessary to provide the data for a determination of the elevation of mean high water, the boundary between private and state ownership in an oil‐producing area with a very flat terrain. Although response tidal analysis has been shown to be somewhat superior to classical harmonic analysis in various previous tests, no advantage is found in these circumstances of extremely low sighal‐to‐noise ratio. 相似文献
8.
Markus Brüning Heiko Sahling Ian R. MacDonald Feng Ding Gerhard Bohrmann 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
Following the discovery of asphalt volcanism in the Campeche Knolls a research cruise was carried out in 2006 to unravel the nature of the asphalt deposits at Chapopote. The novel results support the concept that the asphalt deposits at the seafloor in 3000 m of water depth originate from the seepage of heavy petroleum with a density slightly greater than water. The released petroleum forms characteristic flow structures at the seafloor with surfaces that are ‘ropy’ or ‘rough’ similar to magmatic lava flows. The surface structures indicate that the viscosity of the heavy petroleum rapidly increases after extrusion due to loss of volatiles. Consequently, the heavy petroleum forms the observed asphalt deposit and solidifies. Detailed survey with a remotely operated vehicle revealed that the asphalts are subject to sequential alterations: e.g. volume reduction leading to the formation of visible cracks in the asphalt surface, followed by fragmentation of the entire deposit. While relatively fresh asphalt samples were gooey and sticky, older, fragmented pieces were found to be brittle without residual stickiness. Furthermore, there is evidence for petroleum seepage from below the asphalt deposits, leading to local up-doming and, sometimes, to whip-shaped extrusions. Extensive mapping by TV-guided tools of Chapopote Asphalt Volcano indicates that the main asphalt deposits occur at the south-western rim that borders a central, crater-like depression. The most recent asphalt deposit at Chapopote is the main asphalt field covering an area of ∼2000 m2. Asphalt volcanism is distinct from oil and gas seepage previously described in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere because it is characterized by episodic intrusions of semi-solid hydrocarbons that spread laterally over a substantial area and produce structures with significant vertical relief. As Chapopote occurs at the crest of a salt structure it is inferred that asphalt volcanism is a secondary result of salt tectonism. 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(11)
基于MIKE21软件,建立潮流、径流耦合作用下大沽河河口区氮磷营养盐输移转化数学模型。利用数学模型,对实测工况进行了模拟,并与相应的实测资料进行验证;在此基础上,对不同径流和排污条件下的氮磷营养盐分布进行预测分析。结果表明:大沽河口附近DO浓度较低,氨氮、硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度较高。平水期流量条件下,上述物质进入胶州湾后有偏向河口右侧海岸的趋势。丰水期流量条件下,各水质参数的分布趋向均匀;上述物质进入胶州湾后基本上呈现以河口纵向主槽为对称轴,两侧对称分布的特征。不同排污条件下,河口附近DO从北向南基本呈现递增趋势,而氨氮、硝酸盐和磷酸盐则相反。一、二级污水排放条件下,河口附近DO符合一类海水水质标准;而无机氮和磷酸盐为超四类海水水质标准。 相似文献
10.
This paper begins by reviewing the structure and evolution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) management in Canada and in the Territory of Nunavut since the inception of the Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears in the 1970s. This is followed by the paper's main focus, the examination of the socio-economic and cultural importance of polar bears for Inuit and the success of the Agreement in supporting contemporary Inuit subsistence relations in Nunavut. 相似文献
11.
The size of individual mining blocks for polymetallic nodule extraction seems to be rather small, not more than 100 km2 in the French mining claim. Even when adding an additional resedimentation zone to the directly impacted area, the size of the affected seabed would remain below 200 km2. We assume that even rare species in the abyss inhabit larger areas and propose discussions of the International Seabed Authority and other stakeholders for the different subregions on mining strategies from the perspective of exploitation versus species extinction and conservation. Although impacts of waste disposal at the abyssal seafloor are different from those of nodule mining, the 200 km2 concept may also be applied. 相似文献
12.
Tetsuo Yanagi Koji Ishikawa Koh-ichi Inoue Satoshi Susami 《Journal of Oceanography》1995,51(2):225-238
The detailed flow structure around a tical front in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan was observed with the use of ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). The surface convergence region is observed at the transition zone between vertically well mixed area and the stratified area. The surface divergence regions exist next to the surface convergence region. The strong downward current is estimated in the middle layer just below the surface convergence region. The maximum surface convergence and the maximum downward velocity in the middle layer are 1.0×10–4 s–1 and 0.12 cm s–1, respectively. 相似文献
13.
P. Yunus Ali 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):26-39
The tsunami waves generated during the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 devastated the coastal area along Trinkat Island, causing sudden changes to the morphology of the landforms. This study uses a series of satellite images to record the short-term morphological response and shoreline changes as well as the recovery of coastal land after its destruction. Results indicate that the island experienced substantial erosion and a significant reduction in land area. Shoreline erosion is more prevalent than accretion at an average linear regression rate of ～?9 m per year between 2004 and 2013. The major morphological changes at Trinkat Island were observed in coastal inlets, beaches, and bay head-lands. Straight beaches had almost recovered eight years after the tsunami; however, erosion is continually observed in other areas. Our study will help understanding the response and recovery of shorelines in Indian Ocean regions after the 2004 tsunami. 相似文献
14.
Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):355-378
Experiments using cages at four shore levels were carried out to determine the part played by the feeding of the gastropods Neothais scalaris and Lepsiella scobina on the zonation of three species of intertidal barnacles: Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna, and Epopella plicata. The lower limit of the two larger barnacle species was determined by predation, but C. columna was affected only in the absence of the other two barnacles. 相似文献
15.
深圳福田几种红树植物繁殖体与不同发育阶段叶片热值研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对深圳福田红树林区的秋茄 (Kandelia candel)、木榄 (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)、无瓣海桑 (Sonneratia apetala)、海漆 (Excoecaria agallocha)、银叶树 (Heritiera littoralis)不同发育阶段叶片以及秋茄、木榄、桐花树、无瓣海桑、海漆繁殖体的灰分含量和热值进行研究.结果表明( 1)不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量变化趋势没有一定的规律性, 6种红树植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低;植物繁殖体的灰分含量低于成熟叶;( 2)秋茄、无瓣海桑、木榄、桐花树繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值基本上低于不同发育阶段叶片,而海漆繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值高于不同发育阶段叶片;( 3) 6种红树植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有极显著的线性负相关( P<0.01),不同发育阶段叶片和繁殖体的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著线性负相关( P<0.05). 相似文献
16.
Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata. Siderastraea siderea, Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavernosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata. Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 0.16 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites (<10 m). This general pattern of more bleaching in deeper sites also occurred within species. Though exposure to high-temperature stress was not greater at deeper sites, water motion, which may bolster bleaching resistance, was likely less. In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 °C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983–2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available. 相似文献
17.
Understanding nesting ecology and behaviour of green marine turtles at Setiu,Terengganu, Malaysia 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Aini Hasanah Abd Mutalib Nik Fadzly Amirrudin Ahmad Nurolhuda Nasir 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1003-1012
In this paper, we emphasize the importance of understanding the nesting ecology and nesting behaviour of green marine turtles (Chelonia mydas). Data were collected from 2007 until 2012 from nesting beaches at Setiu Terengganu, Malaysia. We focused on one of the beaches, Telaga Papan, based on data collected in 2012. We recorded the distribution of nesting areas, the emergence hour and the correlation between successful nesting attempts and false crawls. Telaga Papan had a significantly higher distribution of green marine turtle nesting compared with the other five beaches (ANOVA, F5,42 = 8.874, P < 0.01, mean = 36.750 ± 3.727). The highest number of successful nesting attempts was recorded in 2012 (mean = 28.714). A majority of the species landed between 22:00 and 23:59 h (25%). There was a strong correlation between successful nesting attempts and false crawls (rs = 0.883, P = 0.02). Based on these findings on the nesting ecology and nesting behaviour of green marine turtles, we suggest that scientific research, strict monitoring, awareness programs and policy implementation should be carried out proactively. Such activities are necessary to reduce the anthropogenic pressures at the nesting beaches as well as to ensure more successful nesting attempts of green marine turtles in Setiu. 相似文献
18.
19.
Entrance morphologies and sediment characteristics were studied at Westport Harbour, a river mouth port located on the Buller River, New Zealand. The most frequent morphology found was that in which two submarine bars were present off the river mouth. When present, these bars were separated by a transverse channel running east from Carters Beach and terminating in the principal inlet channel. Sediment samples were collected and analysed for grain size, reliability (grain shape), and, in a few instances, mineralogy. The data collected suggested that longshore sediment transport is predominantly west to east and that river derived sediment is deflected to the east. The inner bar is predominantly a littoral drift related event whereas the outer bar, which is composed mainly of littoral drifted sediment, forms as a submarine extension of Carters Beach. Both bars can be modified by floods in the river, although modification of the outer bar is much less frequent because of the very high river flows required. Sediment can bypass directly across the river mouth only when the inner bar is present. On other occasions bypassing can only occur by transport through the transverse channel or over the outer bar, into the river channel and then onshore. 相似文献
20.
June A. Oberdorfer Matthew Charette Matthew Allen Jonathan B. Martin Jaye E. Cable 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Near-shore discharge of fresh groundwater from the fractured granitic rock at Flamengo Bay, Ubatuba, Brazil, is strongly controlled by the local geology. Freshwater flows primarily through a zone of weathered granite to a distance of 24 m offshore. In the nearshore environment this weathered granite is covered by about 0.5 m of well-sorted, coarse sands containing pore water with sea water salinity, with an abrupt transition to much lower salinity once the weathered granite is penetrated. Further offshore, low-permeability marine sediments contain saline porewater, marking the limit of offshore migration of freshwater. Freshwater flux rates based on tidal signal and hydraulic gradient analysis indicate a fresh submarine groundwater discharge of 0.17–1.6 m3/day per m of shoreline. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicate are elevated in the porewater relative to seawater, and appeared to be a net source of nutrients to the overlying water column. The major ion concentrations suggest that the freshwater within the aquifer has a short residence time. Major element concentrations do not reflect in situ alteration of the granitic rocks, possibly because the alteration occurred prior to development of the current discharge zones, or because of large volumes of water discharge in this high rainfall region. 相似文献