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利用雷达回波资料、气象卫星云图和各种加工产品、1h的降水量,分析了大暴雨形成过程中的中尺度活动。讨论了中尺度云团、中尺度雨团发生发展的情况,各种物理量的表现,能量转换作用等。结论指出,暴雨过程中的中尺度云团、中尺度雨团和中尺度切变辐合是必不可少的;地形对中尺度切变的形成、稳定维持和对降水的增幅有相当大的作用;雷达回波的形态、尺度、强度、移动和演变等特征反映了暴雨发生的中尺度过程,对流回波带走向与移动方向一致或积层混合性降水中的强回波区以及“指状”回波区等多易产生暴雨、大暴雨。 相似文献
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利用卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP资料等,对2010年9月18日20：00-19日08：OO黄土高原发生的一次β中尺度大暴雨过程的大尺度环境场、中尺度影响系统以及触发机制等进行综合分析。结果表明;4个中尺度径向速度辐合是β中尺度大暴雨的直接影响系统,列车效应是β中尺度大暴雨形成的原因之一;气压持续降低,配合2rain平均风速急剧增大、而后风向突变,或配合先风向突变、而后2min平均风速急剧增大,是β中尺度大暴雨形成条件之一;地面能量比场“Ω”系统东侧小能量比低值舌的活动,也是口中尺度大暴雨的另一触发机制;云高和液态累积含水量（VIL）的配合,对大暴雨的产生具有指示作用。 相似文献
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本文分析了1989年7月21日发生在内蒙古西部伊克昭盟鄂尔多斯高原上大暴雨过程的中尺度系统。分析表明，内蒙古西中部的暴雨和南方暴雨一样具有明显的中尺度特征，造成这次大暴雨过程的中尺度系统主要有中尺度切变线，风速辐合线及辐合区，雷暴高压，中低压。同时初步探讨了大暴雨形成的原因是地面切变线，中尺度冷锋停滞。 相似文献
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天津一次突发性局地大暴雨中尺度分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
利用加密自动气象站、天津MM5、NCEP1°×1°的6小时再分析资料以及多普勒雷达等资料,对2007年8月26日出现在天津东部地区的局地大暴雨进行了天气学、动力学诊断和中尺度分析.结果表明,暴雨是在大尺度环流形势由经向调整为纬向时期产生的,中低层西风槽、切变线以及地面中尺度辐合线是其主要影响系统;强降水的时空分布有明显的中尺度特征;暴雨区上空形成的斜升气流,有利于强雷暴云的稳定发展;低空东南急流和地面偏东风为暴雨区输送了大量的水汽;地面中尺度辐合线的存在和维持不仅增强了地面的辐合抬升,同时也是造成此次局地大暴雨的中尺度系统和触发条件.多普勒雷达图中明显的列车效应以及强回波伸展的高度与当天0℃层高度的对应关系也是产生强降水的主要原因. 相似文献
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利用FY卫星、新一代天气雷达、区域自动站及GFS/NCAR 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,对2012年6月4日发生在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境内的一次罕见大暴雨进行中尺度特征分析。分析结果表明:(1)高空冷槽是主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合中心和中尺度切变线等中尺度天气系统与大暴雨的形成和分布关系密切。(2)显著的不稳定能量是产生暴雨的重要因素,特殊的地形对水汽辐合抬升起到了关键作用。(3)暴雨发生在MCS中云顶亮温小于-55℃且长时间维持的冷云盖边缘。人字形回波头部、逗点云尖点处长时间维持50 d Bz以上的多单体风暴是形成大暴雨的主要原因。 相似文献
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本文利用武汉WSR-81S数字化天气雷达资料和其它中尺度气象资料分析了1987年8月18日相继发生在长江中游复杂地形区域的两场短历时局地特大暴雨的中尺度演变过程。在没有明显的次天气尺度上升运动直接启动和组织的情况下,两场局地大暴雨暴发的时间和地点都取决于边界层中尺度风场强辐合的出现。复杂地形对边界层气流的热力和机械的综合作用,在一定的大尺度气流背景下,形成有规律的中尺度近地面风场系统。它表现得相对定常并有一定的日变化,当来自临近地区的中尺度对流系统移近时,对流降水中产生的中尺度气流(例如飑锋)参加到由地形影响形成的中尺度边界层流场系统中,便在某些特定地点构成强的辐合。在这类辐合区中心的偏北一侧发展起强大而移动缓慢的复合单体或超级单体,带来局地大暴雨。山谷风环流、平原-山脉环流对盛夏局地暴雨的影响应受到重视。 相似文献
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从环流形势、单站气象要素及中尺度滤波分析等几方面对2004年7月28日新乡市大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明这次暴雨、大暴雨天气过程是副热带高压西伸北抬和西风槽东移及北方南下冷空气的共同影响造成的,副高西伸北抬的"突变"过程,是造成大暴雨的直接原因;中低层切变线的生成,为强对流天气的产生提供了动力条件;低空西南急流不仅输送暖湿空气,增强层结的不稳定性,而且可以产生低层扰动,触发不稳定能量的释放,新乡地区东南部位于深厚急流区入口处的左侧,是暴雨、大暴雨产生的关键部位;用T213的初始流场经滤波分析后,能清晰显示出形成大暴雨的中尺度辐合系统,对暴雨、大暴雨预报有一定的指示意义. 相似文献
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暴雨是我国夏季常见的一种重要天气现象,有时可引起河流泛滥,山洪爆发,泥石流等危及人民生命财产的灾害,因此,暴雨的探测和研究,一直是我国气象工作者所关心的问题。 人们发现,直接产生暴雨的系统常常是中尺度系统(水平尺度由30—40公里至300—400公里)。小型的暴雨中尺度系统在常规天气图上常易漏掉而发现不了,所以用天气雷达来探测和研究暴雨,愈益引起人 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献