共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 363 毫秒
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本系统运用相似法预报热带气旋路径和风雨影响等级。系统由数据输入模块、相似模块、最佳相似模块、数据管理模块和路径库、风雨库、特例库组成,采用Basic语言,在Compaq/386微机上实现。系统运行的基本思路是,输入进入起报区的热带气旋有关资料,通过相似模块对6个相似条件进行判断找出相似个例,再经最佳相似模块,找出最佳相似个例。然后从路径库和风雨库中读出最佳相似个例的路径以及影响苏州的时间,各站风雨情况,在屏幕上显示并打印输出。 1992年投入业务使用,预报效果良好。 相似文献
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本系统运用相似法预报热带气旋路径和风雨影响等级。系统由数据输入模块、相似模块、最佳相似模块、数据管理模块和路径库、风雨库、特例库组成,采用BASIC语言,在compaq/386微机上实现。系统运行的基本思路是:输入进入起报区的热带气旋的编号、日期、纬度、经度、中心气压、近中心最大风速、前12小时移向移速和500hPa形势,与路径库中的历史个例——对照,通过相似模块的判断,找出相似个例,再经最佳相似模块的判断,找出最佳相似个例。从路径库和风雨库中读出最佳相似个例的路径以及影响苏州的时间、各站风雨情况,在屏幕上显示并打印输出。 相似条件有6个:(1)季节相似:(2)强度相似;(3)移向相似;(4)移速相似;(5)位置相似;(6)形势相似。 1992年投入业务使用,预报效果较好。 相似文献
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利用热带气旋最佳路径资料、气象站点风雨资料,结合我国县级热带气旋灾害损失数据,初步分析了我国沿海主要省份热带气旋风雨因子的基本值,包括风雨因子评估起点及权重系数。以过程最大日最大风速（MMW）为风因子,过程雨量（AP）和过程最大日雨量（MP）为雨因子,共挑选出1 563个热带气旋样本,经过统计分析,确定MMW、AP、MP基本值分别为9 m/s、70 mm、50 mm。在此基础上进一步分析了1971—2010年沿海主要省份满足风雨因子基本值条件的热带气旋样本数的分布情况,以及仅由风因子主导、雨因子主导和风雨因子共同主导的样本数及所占比例的空间分布。采用基于致灾程度的客观分析方法来获取风雨因子权重系数以及风雨因子各等级区间的权重系数,以此为下一步分析热带气旋风雨因子危险性特征奠定基础。 相似文献
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该文提出一个热带气旋定量降水预报(QPF) 的动力相似方案。方案应用热带气旋初始参数、历史过程的天气形势场和物理量场及数值预报产品, 构造预报区域内当前时刻至未来时刻环境要素场的多元客观相似判据。通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史热带气旋样本与预报热带气旋在多元判据下的连续动态相似程度, 以此找到相似样本。应用相似样本的历史降水量记录进行相似指数的权重综合, 得到热带气旋未来6~48 h降水量的定点、定量预报值。预报试验表明该方案具有一定的预报技巧。 相似文献
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热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度评估指标研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
整理了1949—2008年311例热带气旋影响浙江时各气象站的风雨资料、海洋观测站风暴潮资料、灾情资料等，用典型相关分析、历史灾情反演等方法建立了反映热带气旋致灾因子(风、雨、风暴潮)综合影响强度和影响范围的评估模型与等级指标。研究结果将浙江热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度分为5级，1级最强。根据评估模型与指标对311个热带气旋进行了等级评价，并分析了各等级影响强度出现频率的空间分布特征。研究表明，1～5级影响热带气旋都有可能给浙江省带来损失，特重灾情一般由1级影响热带气旋造成，2级影响热带气旋带来的灾情也很严重，年均1.1个热带气旋的综合强度在3级以上，有可能带来较严重灾情；全省各地受热带气旋影响的强度自东而西递减，其中1级(特强)影响区域主要在东部沿海地区。 相似文献
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A dataset entitled "A potential risk index dataset for landfalling tropical cyclones over the Chinese mainland" (PRITC dataset V1.0) is described in this paper, as are some basic statistical analyses. Estimating the severity of the impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall on the Chinese mainland based on observations from 1401 meteorological stations was proposed in a previous study, including an index combining TC-induced precipitation and wind (IPWT) and further information, such as the corresponding category level (CAT_IPWT), an index of TC-induced wind (IWT), and an index of TC-induced precipitation (IPT). The current version of the dataset includes TCs that made landfall from 1949–2018; the dataset will be extended each year. Long-term trend analyses demonstrate that the severity of the TC impacts on the Chinese mainland have increased, as embodied by the annual mean IPWT values, and increases in TC-induced precipitation are the main contributor to this increase. TC Winnie (1997) and TC Bilis (2006) were the two TCs with the highest IPWT and IPT values, respectively. The PRITC V1.0 dataset was developed based on the China Meteorological Administration's tropical cyclone database and can serve as a bridge between TC hazards and their social and economic impacts. 相似文献
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A non-parametric method is used in this study to analyze and predict short-term rainfall due to tropical cyclones(TCs) in a coastal meteorological station. All 427 TCs during 1953-2011 which made landfall along the Southeast China coast with a distance less than 700 km to a certain meteorological station- Shenzhen are analyzed and grouped according to their landfalling direction, distance and intensity. The corresponding daily rainfall records at Shenzhen Meteorological Station(SMS) during TCs landfalling period(a couple of days before and after TC landfall) are collected. The maximum daily rainfall(R-24) and maximum 3-day accumulative rainfall(R-72) records at SMS for each TC category are analyzed by a non-parametric statistical method, percentile estimation. The results are plotted by statistical boxplots, expressing in probability of precipitation. The performance of the statistical boxplots is evaluated to forecast the short-term rainfall at SMS during the TC seasons in 2012 and 2013. Results show that the boxplot scheme can be used as a valuable reference to predict the short-term rainfall at SMS due to TCs landfalling along the Southeast China coast. 相似文献
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登陆台湾岛热带气旋强度和结构变化的统计分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1949—2008年共60年的《台风年鉴》、《热带气旋年鉴》资料及CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集,2001—2008年美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)热带气旋尺度相关资料及日本气象厅(JMA)的TBB资料,统计分析西北太平洋(包括南海)热带气旋(TC)在登陆台湾过程中强度和结构变化的基本特征,主要结论有:(1)TC登陆台湾时强度为台风及以上级别的样本数占总样本数约60%,主要出现在6—9月,东部登陆TC的强度一般比在西部登陆的强;(2)大部分TC在岛上维持6 h左右,登陆时最大风速≤5级和强度为超强台风的TC穿越台湾岛时移动比较缓慢;(3)126个登陆台湾的TC样本过岛后近中心海平面气压平均增加5.61 hPa,近中心最大风速平均减小3.58 m/s,在台湾东部地区登陆TC的衰减率比在西部登陆的大3倍左右;(4)TC在登陆台湾前6 h至离岛后6 h期间其8级和10级风圈半径均明显减小,TC形状略呈长轴为NE-SW向的椭圆状,而其最大风速的半径却逐渐增大;(5)TBB分析结果显示,TC登陆台湾前,其外围对流主要出现在南侧和西侧,结构不对称,登陆以后,TC北部及东部的对流显著发展,外围结构区域对称;但中心附近的强对流则从登陆前6 h开始逐渐减弱消失。表明TC穿越台湾过程中内核结构松散、强度减弱。 相似文献
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用2002年3个热带气旋登陆广东的过程中自动站的降水资料, 对TRMM准全球、准实时的3 h降水估测资料进行了检验, 表明该资料与地面3 h降水有很好的相关性, 可以反映出热带气旋3 h降水变化的特征。利用该资料分析了这3个热带气旋登陆过程中不同半径、不同方向降水的时空变化特征, 并分析了不同热带气旋之间降水差异的大尺度环流背景。研究发现, 3个热带气旋登陆过程中心附近降水沿半径方向存在收缩和扩展的变化, 除了低层水汽输送的变化和地形对降水造成影响之外, “北冕”和“黄蜂”都发现热带气旋外围降水加强会导致其中心附近降水减弱, 这与以往的观测及研究成果类似。 相似文献
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Based on observed rainfall data, this study makes a composite analysis of rainfall asymmetry in tropical cyclones(TCs) after making landfall in Guangdong province(GD) during 1998—2015. There are 3.0 TCs per year on average making landfall in GD and west of GD(WGD) has the most landfall TCs. Most of TCs make landfall in June,July, August, and September at the intensities of TY, STS, and TS. On average, there is more rainfall in the southwest quadrant of TC in CGD(center of GD), WGD, and GD as a whole, and the maximum rainfall is located in the southwest near the TC center. The mean TC rainfall in the east of GD(EGD) leans to the eastern side of TC. The TC rainfall distributions in June, July, August, and September all lean to the southwest quadrant and the maximum rainfall is located in the southwest near the TC center. The same features are found in the mean rainfall of TD, TS, STS, TY,and STY. The maximum rainfall is mainly in the downshear of vertical wind shear. Vertical wind shear is probably the dominate factor that determines asymmetric rainfall distribution of TCs in GD. Storm motion has little connection with TC rainfall asymmetry in GD. 相似文献
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利用热带气旋最佳路径资料和气象台站观测资料,以及风雨因子危险性模型,分别计算我国沿海主要省份热带气旋风因子危险性、雨因子危险性及总危险性,并对其年代际变化特征进行分析。结果表明:沿海主要省份热带气旋致灾因子危险性随着年代逐渐增大,风因子危险性呈逐年代减弱,而降水因子危险性则逐年代增加;与1970年代相比,热带气旋在2000年代更易带来强降水,但极端风速出现的概率减小,热带气旋活动频数偏少,热带气旋的平均强度略偏强且持续时间偏长;与1970年代相比,2000年代的热带气旋气旋性环流更强烈,其附近低层西南风异常伴随有异常的来自西南向的水汽输送,并产生西南-东北走向的异常水汽辐合带,在异常强烈的垂直运动作用下,更多的水汽将带入高层,有利于降水产生。 相似文献
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In order to provide an operational reference for tropical cyclone precipitation forecast,this study investigates the spatial distributions of precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs) affecting China using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 5(GMS5)-TBB dataset.All named TCs formed over the western North Pacific that made direct landfall over China during the period 2001-2009 are included in this study.Based on the GMS5-TBB data,this paper reveals that in general there are four types of distribution of precipitation related to landfalling TCs affecting China.(a) the South-West Type in which there is a precipitation maximum to the southwestern quadrant of TC;(b) the Symmetrical South Type in which the rainfall is more pronounced to the south side of TC in the inner core while there is a symmetrical rainfall distribution in the outer band region;(c) the South Type,in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the south of TC;and(d) the North Type,in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the north of TC.Analyses of the relationship between precipitation distributions and intensity of landfalling TCs show that for intensifying TCs,both the maximum and the coverage area of the precipitation in TCs increase with the increase of TC intensity over northern Jiangsu province and southern Taiwan Strait,while decreasing over Beibu Gulf and the sea area of Changjiang River estuary.For all TCs,the center of the torrential rain in TC shifts toward the TC center as the intensity of TC increases.This finding is consistent with many previous studies.The possible influences of storm motion and vertical wind shear on the observed precipitation asymmetries are also examined.Results show that the environmental vertical wind shear is an important factor contributing to the large downshear rainfall asymmetry,especially when a TC makes landfall on the south and east China coasts.These results are also consistent with previous observational and numerical studies. 相似文献
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登陆广东热带气旋的降水分布和移速变化 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
利用1980～2001年登陆广东的72个热带气旋的路径和降水资料,计算了热带气旋登陆前后的移动速度和加速度,比较分析了热带气旋主要降水落区与热带气旋移速变化的关系.计算结果统计表明登陆广东的热带气旋中,有66.1%的个例在登陆时移速加快.当主要降水落区位于热带气旋前进方向右侧时,热带气旋的12小时平均加速度为正的占了大部分(81.8%);当主要降水落区位于热带气旋前进方向左侧时,近八成(78.6%)的热带气旋平均加速度为负.这些统计结果进一步从诊断事实上说明了地形以及非绝热加热等因子对台风移动的可能影响. 相似文献
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Tropical cyclone potential hazard in Southeast China and its linkage with the East Asian westerly jet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new synthesized index for estimating the hazard of both accumulated strong winds and heavy rainfall from a tropical cyclone (TC) is presented and applied to represent TC potential hazard over Southeast China. Its relationship with the East Asian westerly jet in the upper troposphere is also investigated. The results show that the new TC potential hazard index (PHI) is good at reflecting individual TC hazard and has significantly higher correlation with economic losses. Seasonal variation of TC-PHI shows that the largest TC-PHI on average occurs in July-August, the months when most TCs make landfall over mainland China. The spatial distribution of PHI at site shows that high PHI associated with major landfall TCs occurs along the southeast coast of China. An East Asian westerly jet index (EAWJI), which represents the meridional migration of the westerly jet, is defined based on two regions where significant correlations exist between TC landfall frequency and zonal wind at 200 hPa. Further analyses show that an anomalous easterly steering flow occurred above the tracks of TCs, and favored TCs making landfall along the southeast coast of China, leading to an increase in the landfall TC when the EAWJ was located north of its average latitude. Meanwhile, anomalous easterly wind shear and positive anomaly in low-level relative vorticity along TCs landfall-track favored TC development. In addition, anomalous water vapor transport from westerly wind in the South China Sea resulted in more condensational heating and an enhanced monsoon trough, leading to the maintenance of TC intensity for a longer time. All of these environmental factors increase the TC potential hazard in Southeast China. Furthermore, the EAWJ may affect tropical circulation by exciting meridional propagation of transient eddies. During a low EAWJI phase in July-August, anomalous transient eddy vorticity flux at 200 hPa propagates southward over the exit region of the EAWJ, resulting in eddy vorticity flux convergence and the weakening in the zonal westerly flow to the south of the EAWJ exit region, producing a favorable upper-level circulation for a TC making landfall. 相似文献
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Using data of tropical cyclones making landfall in
China between May and October each year during the 1951-2015
period from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological
Administration (CMA-STI) Tropical Cyclone (TC) Best Track
Dataset, we developed a method of rapid classification of TC
tracks based on their average movement velocities and noted
three types of tracks: a westward type, a northwestward type,
and a northward type. We compared the climate characteristics of
the westward and northward types and discuss their corresponding
causes. The results show that the westward and northward types
account for more than 80% of all TCs making landfall in China.
Their climate characteristics, such as the frequency, landfall
intensity, duration over land, velocity over land, movement
distance over land, and other changes, show both similarities
and differences. Both TC types show significant increases in
their over-land durations, indicating that the effects of these
landfalling TCs are increasing. However, the causes of these two
TC types are similar and different in certain respects. The
changes in large-scale steering flows have significantly
affected the frequencies and over-land velocities of the
landfalling TCs of the westward and northward types. In
addition, differences between the changes in formation locations
of the westward and northward types may lead to significant
difference in their landfall intensities. 相似文献