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刀额新对虾幼体的培育及特点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在水温26～28℃,pH8.1～8.3,海水盐度27.6～29.7的条件下,刀额新对虾幼体从无节幼体第一期(N_1)培育至仔虾幼体第一期(P_1),历时10d,成活率81.9%;至仔虾幼体第8～10天(P_(8～10)),成活率为80%。刀额新对虾幼体发育具有许多不同于其他对虾类幼体的发育特点,其糠虾期身体仅稍倾斜而不呈倒悬状态,极少摄食丰年虫无节幼体,直至P_(3～4)摄食丰年虫幼体现象才较多见。 相似文献
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方格星虫胚胎与幼体发育的研究 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
研究了方格星虫Sipunculus nudus胚胎与幼体发育。实验用亲虫于1999—2001年每年的5—8月分别采自北海市白虎头、大冠沙及高德海区。用人工授精法获得胚胎，用自然受精法获得幼体并观察其发育状况。研究表明，在25℃水温下，从受精卵到孵化出海球幼体(Pelagosphericlanra)，胚胎发育需50—52h；在水温28—29℃下，需38—40h。在水温28—29℃下，从初孵出的海球幼体到附着变态期幼体，需13—15d。附着幼体经过7—10d发育后才完成变态，成为稚虫。 相似文献
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以细角滨对虾Litopenaeus stylirostris为实验对象,按时间顺序观察了胚胎各期的形态特征。通过解剖从无节幼体到仔虾第1天各期幼体的附肢,对其发育形态及其刚毛着生方式进行了描述和统计。比较研究了细角滨对虾和凡纳滨对虾L.vannamei无节幼体期形态差异以及色素的变化、溞状幼体期眼上棘形态的差异以及大颚齿数目。结果表明,无节幼体期细角滨对虾的色素明显多于凡纳滨对虾;两者溞状幼体期眼上棘的形态存在明显差异;两者在无节幼体至仔虾第1天各期大颚活动齿的数目变化一致。 相似文献
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黄海太平洋磷虾的幼体分布及发育途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过镜检分析网采样品和现场培养实验相结合的方法, 研究了2006年4月份黄海太平洋磷虾的幼体分布、早期幼体发育和幼体发育途径。结果表明, 4月份是南黄海太平洋磷虾繁殖发育的高峰期, 幼体在种群组成结构中占绝对优势, 占种群总数量的90.85%, 其中原状幼体和状幼体占种群比例分别是51.9%和26.9%。相关性分析结果表明, 太平洋磷虾不同幼体发育期丰度存在显著的正相关关系; 卵丰度分布跟叶绿素a浓度有显著的正相关关系; 原状幼体和状幼体丰度分布跟叶绿素a浓度、海水温度等环境因子没有显著相关关系。在南黄海, 太平洋磷虾的幼体发育主要遵循以下途径: 卵→无节幼体→后期无节幼体→原状幼体→状幼体F1(0′7, 1′7)→状幼体F2(1′4″7, 3′1″7)→状幼体F3(5″7)→状幼体F4(5″5)→状幼体F5(5″3)→状幼体F6(5″1)。太平洋磷虾在15℃下的幼体发育速度明显快于4℃。15℃下幼体发育到C1期只需5.6天, 而4℃下则需要16.1天。 相似文献
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本试验采用不同的饵料投喂青蟹的早期幼体，比较饵料效果，为青蟹人工育苗提供参考。１材料与方法１９９１年７月份在本所清江试验场内进行试验。试验用的青蟹早期幼体～蚤状Ｉ期幼体全部采用清江试验场人工孵化的幼体。文中以Ｚ１青示蚤状１期幼体，Ｚ２为蚤状ＩＩ期幼体。人工饵料为酱油粕（乐清虹桥酿造厂提供）、蛋黄、人工轮虫（美国“ＯｃｅａＳｔａｒＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｉｎｃ生产的Ｏ．Ｓ．Ｉ牌人造轮虫）。动物性饵料为褶皱臂尾轮虫（Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｌｉｌｉｓ）。在室温条件下，将青蟹Ｚ１放在１５００… 相似文献
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罗钷沼虾 Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ各期蚤状幼体复眼的个眼面均呈正六边形,个眼透镜面为圆形,其表面光滑。个眼的数量在幼体期不恒定。 相似文献
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本文试验了罗氏沼虾仔虾及Ｚ１１期幼体对盐度突变的适应能力。试验结果表明，０．８２ｃｍ的仔虾由盐度１０．８‰放入淡水及０．９８ｃｍ的卫虾由淡水直接放放２０‰以下盐度水中培育，对虾仔的成活影响不明显；Ｚ１１期幼体由盐度１７‰直接放入７－１７‰盐度水中和由盐度１０．８‰放入４－１０．８％盐度水中以及淡化后第二天由淡水直接放入１７‰ 盐度水中培育，对幼体的成活率无明显影响，幼体能正常蜕皮变态。 相似文献
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光照对凡纳滨对虾幼体变态发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解光照对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼体发育和存活率的影响,作者在研究中设定了4种单色光(红、黄、蓝、绿光)及不同光照强度(0、1 500、5 500、12 000 lx)进行实验并就光照对幼体产生的影响进行分析。实验表明:4种单色光对幼体发育变态时间和成活率都有较大影响。幼体从ZⅠ变态发育至仔虾P1,蓝光的幼体发育时间最长,为262.83 h,比对照组多28 h;黄光存活率最低,只有14.49%,比对照组低25.00%,差异显著(P0.05)。同时,凡纳滨对虾幼体在不同的发育阶段对不同光色的敏感度不同,红光和黄光只对溞状幼体变态有较明显的抑制作用,但对糠虾幼体的发育却有促进作用;蓝光和绿光对整个发育阶段都有影响。光照强度对幼体的存活和变态影响差异显著(P0.05)。幼体从ZⅠ发育至P1,12 000 lx光照下幼体变态发育耗时最长(257.33 h),存活率最低(1.63%)。在溞状幼体期,光照大于1 500 lx时,幼体的变态时间增加,存活率下降。糠虾幼体期可适应光照在5 500 lx以下的环境,而仔虾期则可适应120 000 lx的光照。建议根据不同发育阶段调整光照强度,当幼体在ZⅠ时,光强应控制在1 500 lx以下,之后可逐渐增强。本实验结果可为凡纳滨对虾育苗期间的光照管理提供基础数据和理论依据。 相似文献
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The life cycle of the semiterrestrial mangrove crab Ucides cordatus includes pelagic larvae that are released into estuarine waters during the wet season and who may thus encounter potentially stressful low and variable salinity conditions. The effect of salinity on the survival of the zoea larvae, the number of zoeal stages and the duration of development from hatching to megalopa was experimentally studied by rearing larvae from the Caeté estuary, Northern Brazil, in seven salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30). For a better interpretation of the laboratory results, estuarine salinities were measured over five consecutive years during the species' reproductive season. The survival of the zoea larvae varied significantly with salinity, while the number of stages and the duration of their development remained constant. Development to megalopa took 20.77 ± 1.57 days and comprised five zoeal stages with ZI and ZII being euryhaline and later stages stenohaline. The newly hatched larvae stayed alive for up to 6 days in freshwater (average 4.32 ± 0.82 days), but did not moult to the second zoeal stage. ZII larvae first occurred from salinity 5 onwards and later zoeal stages at all tested salinities ≥10. However, the larvae only survived to megalopa at salinities ≥15, with highest numbers at salinity 30 (72%) and lowest at 15 (16%). Lethal salinities ≤10 occurred frequently in the estuary during the reproductive season. This suggests a need for larval export to offshore and thus more saline waters to allow for significant larval survival and maintenance of viable populations of this commercially important species. A regional rather than local approach for management is suggested due to the likelihood of long distance larval dispersal by offshore currents. 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹多倍体诱导技术改进 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用抑制第二极体排放的方式对15℃孵育的中华绒螯蟹自然受精卵人工诱导三倍体,通过抑制第一次卵裂对18℃孵育的自然受精卵人工诱导四倍体,应用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定.分别使用CB,6-DMAP和KCl三种试剂对受精卵处理,发育至囊胚期检测,获得的最高三倍体诱导率依次是49.1%,51.7%和77.5%,获得的最高四倍体诱导率依次是50.3%,54.9%和79.8%.使用KCl试剂对抱卵蟹诱导处理,孵出潘状幼体检测,最高三倍体诱导率为85.3%,最高四倍体诱导率为27.3%.克服了以往三倍体诱导中离体培养的困难,首次获得了中华绒螯蟹三倍体潘状幼体,并极大提高了潘状幼体阶段四倍体诱导率. 相似文献
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通过脊尾白虾蚤状幼体饵料种类、饵料组合和食物密度的比较试验 ,研究了脊尾白虾育苗的适宜开口饵料和育苗期饵料组合 ,测定了不同时期蚤状幼体的捕食率及其日粮。结果表明 :饵料种类对脊尾白虾蚤状幼体 期 (Z1)至 期 (Z2 )的变态率和变态所需时间没有明显影响 ,Z1可以不投饵 ,但适量投喂单胞藻或轮虫 ,能明显提高 Z2 活力和 Z2 至 Z3 的变态率。人工培育脊尾白虾蚤状幼体的适宜饵料是卤虫无节幼体 ,在幼体培育前期 (Z1)投喂单胞藻、轮虫 ,后期 (Z3 以后 )添加鱼糜效果也很好。蚤状幼体对卤虫无节幼体的捕食率和日粮随幼体发育而明显增加 ,同一发育时期则随饵料密度的增大而增加 ,但达到一定密度后 ,捕食率增幅明显下降。根据幼体日粮难以确定育苗期间卤虫无节幼体的最佳投喂方案 相似文献
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Results of a three-year survey of the occurrence of Callinectes sapidus larvae in the mouth of Delaware Bay indicated that stage I zoea larvae were most abundant insurface water as compared to mid-depths and near bottom. The major peak in abundance of stage I zoea larvae occurred in early August with a secondary peak in early September. Peaks in abundance of megalopae occurred five weeks after the respective peaks in zoeal abundance. Zoea stages II–VIII were not collected in the bay mouth. Results of sampling every 3 h over consecutive tidal cycles showed that stage I zoea larvae were most common in the water column on ebbing tidal currents. Megalopae were most common in the water column on flooding tidal currents, suggesting a tidally related, vertical migration. It was concluded that stage I zoea larvae are flushed from the estuary and undergo development on the continental shelf. Megalopae are then transported back to inshore waters by a combination of winds and currents and invade the estuary by means of migration into the water column on flooding tidal currents and migration to the bottom on ebbing tidal currents. 相似文献
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An incubating temperature of 15℃ is used to induce triploidy in Eriocheir sinensis through inhibition of the release of polar body I1, and that of 18℃ to induce tetraploidy through inhibition of the first cleavage. Flow cytometry is used to identify the ploidy in different developmental stages. For induction of triploidy in fertilized eggs in vitro, the highest induction rate observed in blastula by cytochalasin B, 6-DMAP and KC1 is 49.1%, 51.7% and 77.5%, respectively. In the KC1 treatment of pregnant crabs with the fertilized eggs, the highest triploid induction rate observed in the zoea is 85.3%. For induction of tetraploidy, the highest induction rate observed in the blastula by cytochaslasin B, 6-DMAP and KC1 is 50.3%, 54.9% and 79.8% respectively. In the KC1 treatment of pregnant crabs with the fertilized eggs, the highest induction rate in zoea is 27.3%. Through this study such difficulty as in vitro culture is overcome. Triploid zoea Eriocheir sinensis has been developed for the fh‘st time. The induction rate of tetraploid zoea has also been greatly improved. 相似文献
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Grass shrimp embryos develop in egg sacs (stages 1-10) attached to the female for 14-20 days after which they 'hatch' from the egg sacs into a swimming zoea stage (stage 11). Until they emerge from the egg sacs, embryos depend on lipids and lipovitellin stored within the egg. The percent of embryos which hatch after exposure to toxicants relative to controls was the basis of an embryo development assay. Exposure of embryos to chromium(III) chloride, sodium chromate, mercuric chloride, and 2-methyl-1,2-naphthoquinone (MNQ) resulted in a reduced hatching rate. In addition to effects on embryo development, DNA strand damage tests were carried out on contaminant-exposed embryos, using the single-cell electrophoresis method often referred to as comet assay. Development of stage 4 embryos was more affected by MNQ exposure than stage 7 embryos. The hatching rates of stages 4 and 7 embryos exposed to MNQ (172 micrograms/l) were 0 and 90%, respectively. DNA strand damage, measured as DNA tail moments, were 3.4 and 4.4, respectively. Thus, exposure of an early embryo stage to MNQ prevented full embryo development while development of later embryo stages was not affected. It may be that the DNA repair systems are more efficient in later embryo stages than in early stages and thus DNA damaged in the early stages affects development. 相似文献
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本文就丰年虫粉虾苗幼体饲料(OG)对日本对虾溞状幼体的影响进行试验初步得出，OG饲养效果优于日本车元饲料，从溞状幼体1期至糠虾幼体1期的转化率提高9.2％，且转化时间缩短了0.5d，幼体活力好.文中还就相关的问题进行了讨论. 相似文献