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通过详细测制西藏申扎县扎扛-木纠错石炭二叠系剖面,查明了拉嘎组的岩石类型、组合及沉积环境。申扎地区的拉嘎组是以暗色粉砂岩、泥岩等细碎屑岩背景下,发育若干板状、长透镜状及透镜状粗碎屑岩为特征。大部分粗碎屑岩及部分细碎屑岩的分选及磨圆很差,成熟度极低,岩性显示为杂砾岩、杂砂岩,局部地区见有花岗岩漂砾。研究认为,拉嘎组形成于冰缘解冻并后退状态下的近岸冰海沉积环境,其沉积相类型可以分为分支水道与间湾、水下冰水扇、冰碛物与冰筏、滨岸与内陆棚。鉴于其时代可能为早二叠世Sakmarian期,因此,拉嘎组可能是晚古生代冰期消融的产物。拉嘎组沉积相的识别分析对拉萨地块晚古生代的古环境和古地理有重要意义。 相似文献
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拉萨地块晚古生代处于伸展还是挤压背景一直以来存在较大的争议.在拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地层中新发现了震积岩.拉嘎组一段震积岩单元位于含砾细砂岩冰水沉积中,可见震裂岩、震褶岩及塑性角砾岩等典型震积岩岩石类型,另见各种与震积岩相关的构造和沉积标志;拉嘎组二段震积岩单元位于潮坪沉积中,见液化卷曲变形及球-枕构造等;下拉组震积岩单元位于下段灰岩中,可见典型的粉（泥）晶灰岩脉和自碎屑角砾岩.下拉组和拉嘎组二段震积岩与燧石结核灰岩紧密共生,由此推测拉萨地块中部分晚古生代燧石结核灰岩可能与地震作用密切相关.结合区域资料,认为拉萨地块西段晚古生代地震事件与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂陷盆地的发育有关,并为拉萨地块晚古生代演化新增了古地震活动资料. 相似文献
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拉萨地块西段缺失晚古生代岩浆岩,造成不能从岩浆岩角度探索其晚古生代地质演化,因此沉积岩的对比研究对理解拉萨地块晚古生代的差异演化过程至关重要。本文通过对尼雄地区上石炭统—下二叠统拉嘎组碎屑岩地球化学特征分析,试图揭示其物源特征及源区构造背景,提供拉萨地块晚古生代沉积岩对比分析的基础信息。尼雄地区拉嘎组一段和二段主量和微量元素特征略有差异,二段较一段CaO、Na_2O含量更高,V、Cr、Ni、Co及轻稀土含量也更高,反映二者沉积源区有一定差异。拉嘎组物源区的构造背景兼具被动大陆边缘与活动大陆边缘特征,并且二段较一段显示更强的活动大陆边缘亲缘性。结合区域地质资料,认为拉嘎组碎屑岩主要来自成熟的大陆源区,为冈瓦纳大陆北缘基底岩石及早古生代沉积岩的再旋回沉积,二段源区的少量酸性及基性物质组分对应于冈瓦纳大陆北缘泛非期及寒武纪岩浆活动。 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区位于兴蒙造山带中段,是研究古生代俯冲-增生造山作用和地壳生长的关键地区。在苏尼特左旗南部,晚泥盆-早石炭世色日巴彦敖包组角度不整合在早古生代增生楔之上,已有研究对于其沉积环境、盆地属性及区域构造意义一直存在较大分歧。本文对色日巴彦敖包组敖木根呼都格剖面和阿拉塔特剖面碎屑岩和火山岩夹层开展锆石UPb测年及Hf同位素分析,并进行了沉积相分析进一步查明了地层层序、时代及物源特征,并对沉积环境和盆地属性进行了探讨。研究表明,敖木根呼都格剖面色日巴彦敖包组底部含砾粗砂岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄为391±5Ma,中下部凝灰质砂岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄为338.2±4.3Ma,凝灰岩锆石年龄为336±2Ma、333±3.5Ma,结合古生物化石,表明底部形成于晚泥盆世,中上部地层形成于早石炭世晚期。阿拉塔特剖面中上部安山质火山碎屑岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄加权平均值为320.4±6.2Ma,表明其形成于晚石炭世。碎屑锆石年龄谱及Hf同位素组成表明底部及中部砂岩碎屑物主要来自近源的早古生代白音宝力道和二连东乌旗地区弧岩浆岩,少量来自北侧南蒙古弧。结合沉积相分析,推测苏尼特左旗南部色日巴彦敖包组下部为一套形成于弧陆碰撞后被动陆缘滨浅海相沉积建造,中上部为形成于弧前盆地的一套杂砂岩夹火山岩建造。以上资料表明,该区从早石炭世开始转为活动陆缘背景,暗示古亚洲洋中东段在晚古生代仍未封闭。 相似文献
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有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。 相似文献
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鲁西地区馒头组下部滑塌堆积的地质特征及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
华北地台馒头组以干热气候条件下的陆源细碎屑岩为主夹碳酸盐岩组成,角度不整合于太古宙泰山群之上。济南仲宫镇的馒头组底部,为厚度约 4m的滑塌堆积。岩块由灰岩和细碎屑岩组成,基质为粉砂岩。岩块内部的构造变形样式及基质中的斜层理表明,寒武纪华北地台曾存在古斜坡和构造隆升作用是诱发成岩作用过程中滑塌堆积形成的重要机制。馒头组中滑塌堆积的发现和研究,有利于进一步认识华北地台古生代古地貌、沉积环境以及古潜山的形成和演化,从而为华北地台古生代含油气盆地和古潜山的研究以及油气资源勘探提供借鉴。 相似文献
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江苏西南部晚侏罗世西横山组为一套粗碎屑岩—细碎屑岩及泥灰岩组成的陆相沉积岩，普遍含有火山物质。从地层分布、岩性特征、碎屑岩粒度统计分析表明，天生桥盆地和西横山盆地基本上是连续、贯通的，自东向西，由冲积扇相—河流相—湖泊相逐渐过渡，属于同一水中盆地中不同沉积相的产物。沉积物主要来自盆地东部，可能与“古茅山”隆起带有关。 相似文献
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有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献