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1.
厚层松散堆积区（盆地或平原等）发震断层多以隐伏活动为主要特征,基于上断点的传统活动断层探测技术通常难以约束断层最新活动性质和时代。利用冲积河流对地表形变的敏感性评估断层活动性,是极具潜力的隐伏活动断层研究方向。本文基于TM/ETM遥感影像,对小浪底水库建设前后（1990~2013年）郑州—济南段黄河水域多期次几何特征进行提取和分段,共获取6个时期河道中心线弯曲度和5个时段河道面积重叠率的沿程变化信息。与区域资料对比的结果表明,弯曲度异常高值段在空间分布上除个别临近运河穿越处外,主要与穿黄或临黄隐伏断层相对应;在综合分析各种潜在因素后,认为与相关隐伏断层活动引起的地表形变有关。多时段重叠率均值整体上顺流增大（趋于稳定）,局部异常低值（不稳定）指示加积段落,在空间上与弯曲度分析指示的构造变形信息一致。本研究表明相关指标多期均值能较好地反映局部因素引起的河型异常,为认识和评价相关穿黄、临黄断层（新乡—商丘断裂、黄河断裂、聊城—兰考断裂、曹县断裂、巨野断裂及郑州—开封断裂）的活动性和地震危险性提供了独立的解释和评价依据,可为利用河型异常特征分析同类地区隐伏断层活动性和河段稳定性提供技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
厚层松散堆积区（盆地或平原等）发震断层多以隐伏活动为主要特征,基于上断点的传统活动断层探测技术通常难以约束断层最新活动性质和时代。利用冲积河流对地表形变的敏感性评估断层活动性,是极具潜力的隐伏活动断层研究方向。本文基于TM/ETM遥感影像,对小浪底水库建设前后（1990~2013年）郑州—济南段黄河水域多期次几何特征进行提取和分段,共获取6个时期河道中心线弯曲度和5个时段河道面积重叠率的沿程变化信息。与区域资料对比的结果表明,弯曲度异常高值段在空间分布上除个别临近运河穿越处外,主要与穿黄或临黄隐伏断层相对应;在综合分析各种潜在因素后,认为与相关隐伏断层活动引起的地表形变有关。多时段重叠率均值整体上顺流增大（趋于稳定）,局部异常低值（不稳定）指示加积段落,在空间上与弯曲度分析指示的构造变形信息一致。本研究表明相关指标多期均值能较好地反映局部因素引起的河型异常,为认识和评价相关穿黄、临黄断层（新乡—商丘断裂、黄河断裂、聊城—兰考断裂、曹县断裂、巨野断裂及郑州—开封断裂）的活动性和地震危险性提供了独立的解释和评价依据,可为利用河型异常特征分析同类地区隐伏断层活动性和河段稳定性提供技术支撑。 相似文献
3.
藏南洛扎地区洛扎断裂属于区域上定日—洛扎断裂的东段部分,是喜马拉雅造山带中一条重要的断裂,但其总体研究程度较低。运用地质填图和构造解析的方法研究了洛扎断裂的几何形态、运动表现和活动历史等,讨论其在喜马拉雅造山带构造格局形成中的意义。主要认识如下:(1)洛扎断裂现今主要表现为一条规模大的脆性-脆韧性断层,SWW—NEE走向,高角度倾向NNW。断层带内发育劈理带、断层泥、构造角砾岩等。运动性质主体表现为正断层。(2)洛扎断裂的南北两侧地块具有显著不同的变形特征,南侧为平缓的大型背斜-向斜构造,北侧为近NWW—SEE走向的倒转褶皱-断层构造。(3)洛扎断裂经历了多期活动,中生代正断活动,古近纪逆冲活动,中新世韧性伸展,中新世晚期逆冲活动以及上新世—第四纪正断活动。现今断层展示的更多是最后一期活动的形迹。(4)依据其规模大、多期活动性、两盘构造变形与沉积的系统差异性等肯定了其作为构造分区断层而存在。(5)洛扎断裂和藏南拆离断层(STD)在研究区均有出露,局部二者出露线近于重合,但洛扎断裂以高角度断面切割了平缓的STD。洛扎断裂是比STD具有更悠久地质历史的区域性断层,只是后者中新世以来的活动性更多受到关注。 相似文献
4.
金湖凹陷断裂特征及其石油地质意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
金湖凹陷自晚白垩世-新生代发育复杂断裂系统,在统一应力场的作用下凹陷内形成伸展断裂、走滑断裂和挤压断裂。断裂系统的演化分为初始伸展、继承伸展、强烈伸展和走滑叠加四个阶段。初始伸展阶段凹陷伸展作用较弱,除主边界断层外,其他断层对沉积地层控制作用较弱;继承伸展阶段,凹陷持续伸展,部分早期断层停止活动;强烈伸展阶段,构造活动集中于主断层之上,形成主要沉积凹陷;走滑叠加阶段,凹陷内断层发生右旋走滑作用,在伸展构造之上叠加了走滑构造,该构造运动奠定了金湖凹陷现今的构造格局。杨村断层和石港断层为受基底断层控制的持续活动断层,而铜城断层是晚期形成调节石港断层和杨村断层走滑应力的变换断层。断裂活动受区域应力场和基底先存断裂的共同控制,表现为两期构造的叠加。两期构造运动控制了金湖凹陷油气的形成、运移和聚集。 相似文献
5.
马尔康巴拉电站近场区内断层的活动性对工程的设计和坝址的选择极为重要。根据野外调查、ESR测年、断层泥石英形貌、地震活动性等综合分析,认为近场区除松岗断裂以外的其他断层在地表浅部晚更新世以来不具活动性,对工程建设基本不产生影响。松岗断裂中段深部小震频繁,地表未见活动证据,南段错断Ⅱ级阶地,因此中南段属于晚更新世活动断层,北段晚更新世以来不具活动性;日部断裂与松岗断裂中段一样属于深部黏滑浅部闭锁型断层,这种断层可能会在未来地震中产生较大的地表变形,工程建设应避开此类断裂。活动的松岗断裂中南段的潜在地震危险性评估表明,其可能诱发的地震震级约Ms=6.95。拟选的上坝址由于距松岗断裂的安全距离不够,岩石物理条件较差,下坝址的利用落差较小等综合因素考虑,建议选择中坝址更为合理。 相似文献
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银川平原是活动断层发育的地区,活动断层与地震灾害联系密切,研究银川平原的断裂体系对城市发展具有重要意义。笔者对银川平原1∶20万布格重力资料进行二次处理,分析了该地区的布格重力异常特征,并利用重力异常边界识别方法划分了断裂体系;运用断裂参量图法、欧拉反褶积法、最优化反演以及2.5D人机交互反演等方法对研究区83503线剖面做定量反演,并利用地震资料进行约束。笔者利用现有的重力资料,探讨了根据重力资料解释平面断裂体系以及剖面断裂定量反演的方法,得出了银川断裂有北延趋势、黄河断裂部分段相对前人断裂划分结果向西偏移等新认识,为活动断层的研究提供了新的参考资料。 相似文献
8.
南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及工程地质评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南水北调西线一期工程位于青藏高原东部的边缘地带,海拔3 500 m以上,地质条件复杂,断层密集分布,褶皱强烈发育,构造活动频繁.通过ETM卫星影像和野外考察分析了工程引水隧洞线路区断层的空间分布及活动特征.工程区以桑日麻断裂、鲜水河断裂和甘德南断裂等对工程的影响最大,是潜在的发震断裂.深埋长引水隧洞在较高地应力作用下,软弱围岩及宽大断层带物质易产生大变形和长期流变.引水线路区褶皱、断层构造发育,有利于地下水富集、运移.在静、动水压力下,引水隧洞穿过断层及破碎带时易发生涌水、碎屑流和坍塌等地质灾害. 相似文献
9.
青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
乌丽活动断裂系发育于乌丽山地，是青藏高原北部重要的区域性活动构造体系，由乌丽北山活动断裂、乌丽盆缘活动断裂和乌丽南山活动断裂所组成，主要包括17条不同规模、不同性质的活动断层。大部分活动断层属左旋斜滑断层，部分活动断层为左旋走滑断层。据地质观测资料估算，典型活动断层全新世左旋走滑速度分量为1．2—3．5mm／a、垂直下滑速度分量为0．5—3．5mm／a。沿乌丽活动断裂系发育5条宽100—400m的构造裂缝带、大量串珠状冰丘群与少量移动冰丘，构造裂缝产生的高密度地表破裂和移动冰丘造成的地表拱曲变形是影响青藏铁路、公路线路工程安全的主要地质灾害。 相似文献
10.
阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式的研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
采用宏观、微观相结合的方法 ,对阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式进行研究 ,结果表明 :(1)阿尔金断裂东段由多条羽列状次级断层所组成 ,相邻两次级断层间的夹角 :A段 15,B段 12,C段 5;(2 )断层物质具明显的组构现象 ,眼球状流动构造 ,较小的剪切破裂角等是阿尔金断裂东段断层蠕动的结果 ;(3)断层泥石英碎砾 SEM特征显示阿尔金断裂东段 Q3以来主要是蠕滑 ,但不同区段稍有不同。综上所述 ,阿尔金断裂东段断层活动主要是蠕滑 ,愈向东其蠕滑程度愈高。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献