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1.
金莉莉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(4):81-86
利用乌鲁木齐市5座100 m气象铁塔2012年6月—2014年4月10层风速观测资料,应用统计学方法详细分析了乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层风切变指数特征,得出以下结果:乌鲁木齐市风切变指数分布范围在-1.5~1.5,基本呈正态分布。风切变指数与风速大小关系密切,当风速1 m/s时,切变指数变化较大;当风速2 m/s时,切变指数变化较小。城区和郊区最大切变指数出现高度差异较大,南郊燕南立交切变指数最大在36~46 m,城区水塔山在60~77m,城区鲤鱼山在13~22 m,近北郊红光山在46~60 m,北郊米东在28~36 m。各层切变指数白天变化幅度大,夜间变化幅度小。切变指数日变化不规律与城市边界层变化的复杂性密切相关。降温幅度大的秋季-冬季时段,易出现切变指数小于0的情况。 相似文献
2.
利用乌鲁木齐市4座100 m气象塔2013年6月至2014年4月46 m三维超声风速观测资料,计算湍流统计特征值并进一步详细分析乌鲁木齐市近地层湍流特征,得出以下结果:乌鲁木齐南郊摩擦速度u*平均值为0.37 m·s~(-1)、城区平均0.28 m·s~(-1)、近北郊和北郊平均0.23 m·s~(-1),春夏季大、冬季小,南郊、城区、近北郊和北郊春季最大分别为0.75、0.64、0.51和0.50 m·s~(-1),冬季最大分别为0.56、0.26、0.22和0.23 m·s~(-1);南郊湍流动能TKE平均1.38 m~2·s~(-2)、城区平均0.7 m~2·s~(-2)、近北郊和北郊平均0.6 m~2·s~(-2),春夏季大、冬季小,南郊、城区、近北郊和北郊春季最大分别为3.39、2.22、1.88和1.79 m~2·s~(-2),冬季最大分别为2.82、0.44、0.45和0.33 m~2·s~(-2)。三个方向湍流强度呈现Iu≈IvIw的规律,南郊0.11~0.36、城区0.12~0.37、近北郊0.10~0.36、北郊0.13~0.39。各个季节南郊白天u*和TKE最大,表明南郊湍流垂直扩散能力最强。 相似文献
3.
利用西安市的现场气象观测资料及西安市观测站的实测资料,分析了西安市对大气污染物稀释扩散能力有重要影响地温度场、风场、大气稳定度等,结果表明:西安市冬季存在较为明显的热岛效应;接地逆温强度较低层逆温强度大;各时次地面风流型以S-SE为主,频率为11%～54%;冬季风速82.4%以上都小于2.9m/s,大于2.9m/s的风速出现频率很小,为5.3%;夜晚及凌晨以稳定类天气为主,中午前后以不稳定或中性天气为主。
相似文献4.
塔中秋冬季大气稳定度频率分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用温度梯度法、理查逊数法、总体理查逊数法分别分析塔中地区秋、冬季的大气稳定度的差异以及大气稳定度的分布频率特征.结果表明:不同的方法对大气稳定度的计算结果有很大影响,采用Ri法和BRi法能够较好的反映塔中秋冬季大气稳定度的变化;塔中秋、冬季大气层结以稳定层结为主,不稳定层结出现频率次之,中性层结出现的频率最小;秋季、冬季稳定度频率有一定差异,秋季中性层结、稳定层结频率小于冬季,不稳定层结大于冬季. 相似文献
5.
利用西安市的现场气象观测资料及西安市观测站的实测资料，分析了西安市对大气污染物稀释扩散能力有重要影响地温度场、风场、大气稳定度等，结果表明：西安市冬季存在较为明显的热岛效应；接地逆温强度较低层逆温强度大；各时次地面风流型以S—SE为主，频率为11％～54％；冬季风速82．4％以上都小于2．9m／S，大于2．9m／s的风速出现频率很小，为5．3％；夜晚及凌晨以稳定类天气为主，中午前后以不稳定或中性天气为主。 相似文献
6.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,(1)
采用温度梯度法、理查逊数法、总体理查逊数法分别分析塔中地区秋、冬季的大气稳定度的差异以及大气稳定度的分布频率特征。结果表明:不同的方法对大气稳定度的计算结果有很大影响,采用Ri法和BRi法能够较好的反映塔中秋冬季大气稳定度的变化;塔中秋、冬季大气层结以稳定层结为主,不稳定层结出现频率次之,中性层结出现的频率最小;秋季、冬季稳定度频率有一定差异,秋季中性层结、稳定层结频率小于冬季,不稳定层结大于冬季。 相似文献
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8.
西安市近10年大气稳定度和边界层厚度特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用西安市1996～2005年逐日24个时次的气象资料,运用修正的Pasquill稳定度分类方法和国标GB/T3840-91规定的边界层厚度计算方法计算出逐日逐时次的稳定度等级和边界层厚度,分析了各类稳定度频率和不同稳定度条件下大气边界层厚度的逐年、逐月变化规律。结果表明:西安市大气稳定度出现的频率以稳定类为主。近10年来不稳定类和稳定类有缓慢上升的趋势,中性类有缓慢下降的趋势。稳定类和不稳定类随季节变化非常明显。西安市春季大气边界层厚度最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。 相似文献
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10.
邢台市大气稳定度和混合层厚度特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1981—2010年邢台市逐日4个时次地面气象观测资料和2014年的同期逐日空气污染API值及气象观测数据,运用修正的Pasquill稳定度分类法和混合层厚度计算方法得出邢台市近30年大气稳定度和混合层厚度变化特征,结果表明:近30年邢台市大气不稳定类呈1.16%/10a增长,中性类呈-1.40%/10a下降,稳定类变化趋势不明显,月变化以中性类和稳定类为主,日变化受太阳辐射强度的影响明显。混合层厚度主要受风速影响,平均厚度460.09m,月变化呈"单峰型"分布。在02:00、08:00、14:00和20:00四个时次上混合层厚度都具有春季大于夏季大于冬季大于秋季的分布特点。经验证发现混合层厚度和不同稳定度等级的出现频率是影响空气质量的重要因子。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献