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我国海域区煤型油气资源量丰富,然而海域煤型烃源岩的研究程度却相对较低,严重制约了海域区煤型油气资源勘探。选取与海域区煤盆地成煤时代基本一致、地质条件相似、研究程度高的近海断陷含煤盆地——黄县盆地为例,开展沉积控煤作用与成煤模式研究。在充分吸取前人研究成果的基础上,精细重建了成煤期的古地理格局、演化及其沉积控煤作用。结果表明：(1)黄县盆地古近纪煤系主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积,可以识别出2个三级层序。煤层主要发育在湖扩张体系域时期的辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖环境。(2)综合恢复了涵盖古近系整个成煤过程的层序I湖扩张体系域和高水位体系域、层序II低水位体系域和湖扩张体系域的层序-古地理格局,并分析其沉积演化特征与沉积控煤作用;煤层主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期,湖平面缓慢上升的辫状河三角洲前部湖沼环境,并逐步向辫状河三角洲扩展;其次,煤层发育在湖扩张体系域的中晚期,湖平面频繁变浅-变深的湖沼-浅湖沉积环境。(3)建立了古近纪近海断陷盆地2种典型的沉积成煤模式。一是滨浅湖湖沼-辫状河三角洲成煤模式,主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期湖水平面缓慢抬升的过... 相似文献
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山东黄县早第三纪断陷盆地低水位和扩张体系域聚煤作用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
山东黄县早第三纪断陷盆地充填沉积序列可以划分出三个构造-沉积旋回,而盆地断裂活动是控制盆地充填沉积的主导因素。根据构造-沉积旋回、层序界面和盆地演化特点分析,下第三系共划分出三个层序,层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅲ含煤和含油。低水位体系域和扩张体系域都有聚煤作用发生,而前者最强。聚煤作用中心随盆地沉积层序的不同演化阶段发生迁移,低水位期主要位于盆缘至盆地中心的过渡带,盆地中心也有聚煤作用发生:扩张期聚煤作用中心向盆缘区迁移,且范围缩小:萎缩期聚煤作用最弱,一般在盆地中心区,且分布范围局限。在黄县断陷盆地充填层序中,油页岩可以作为层序中的密集段。 相似文献
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潮水盆地侏罗系沉积特征及找煤潜力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
潮水盆地侏罗系为完整的断陷湖泊充填沉积序列,沉积环境属多种沉积体系,具有低位体系域—湖侵体系域—高位体系域的多层序旋回的特点。下侏罗统为断陷初始形成期的湖泊沉积,具有断陷盆地形成初期“填平补齐”的沉积特点。地层厚度变化大,沉积相变快。在层序中可识别出低位体系域与湖侵早期体系域。低位体系域主要发育了冲积扇、辫状河道、滨浅湖砂砾、洪积物等;中侏罗统为裂陷发展期湖泊沉积,为盆地内主要含煤岩组。层序中粒度旋回较发育,通常在每一旋回的上部含煤层或炭质泥岩,层序底部常发育砾岩。在该层序中可识别出局部低位体系域与高位体系域。低位体系域发育河流砂砾沉积和滨浅湖砂砾,常表现出垂向加积或退积序列。而湖侵体系域则以较深水的湖相沉积为特征,常表现出向上泥岩厚度加大的退积式准层序组;同时,亦发育诸多三角洲相沉积;上侏罗统为断陷消亡期沉积,形成低位体系域浅湖、扇三角洲和冲积扇沉积体系。潮水盆地下侏罗统芨芨沟群上岩组和中侏罗统青土井群下岩组均具有成煤的构造、成煤的环境和成煤的物质来源,而找煤的关键是寻找目前技术、经济水平可以达到的赋煤构造。 相似文献
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苏红图-银根盆地下白垩统层序地层学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据沉积、古生物及地震资料对苏红图-银根盆地下白垩统的层序地层学特征进行了研究。把下白垩统划分为１个三级层序和低水位体系域、湖侵体系域、高水位体系域。根据准层序的叠置方式，准层序组有进积型、退积型和加积型，本区下白垩统可以划分９个准层序组，以退积型准层序组最为发育。苏红图-银根盆地早白垩世早期沉积格局曾发生过显著变化，从早到晚先后发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、浅湖和深湖相沉积，并在深湖相暗色页岩中夹有浊流和泥石流沉积，为退积型湖进层序。早白垩世晚期则由滨浅湖相演化为滨湖沼泽和河流相沉积，为进积型湖退层序。本区的湖侵体系域浅湖-深湖相暗色泥、页岩厚度大，有机质丰度高，类型好，是重要的烃源岩。低水位体系域的扇三角洲层序以加积型为特征，即下部为扇三角洲平原，中部为扇三角洲前缘，上部为前扇三角洲。反映了该区处于活动盆地边缘，湖水由浅变深，扇三角洲相应后退，沉降速率大于沉积速率。其中扇三角洲前缘砂体的储集作用不可低估。高水位体系域的滨浅湖滩砂也是重要的油气储集体。而湖侵体系域的深湖相泥、页岩和高水位体系域的滨湖沼泽相泥岩均可作为区域盖层。它们在垂向上构成了有利的生储盖组合。 相似文献
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吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系层序地层及聚煤特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用地表露头、测井曲线和岩心相结合的方法，分析了吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系层序地层特征，将侏罗系划分为３个一级层序、７个二级层序、１３个三级层序。每个三级层序中，湖侵体系域由退积的准层序组成，高位体系域由进积的准层序组成，由退积作用向进积作用的转换过程形成了加积的准层序组，低位体系域在本区不发育。研究发现，同一沉积体系在不同体系域内相序不同，三角洲沉积体系在高位体系域内是正常相序，而在湖侵体系域内是“顶底倒置”的相序。稳定的厚煤层在湖侵体系域内比高位体系域内更为发育。 相似文献
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利用野外露头、地震、测井和分析化验等资料,对盆地古近系始新统那读组和百岗组进行层序地层和沉积相研究。那读组和百岗组可划分为3个Ⅲ级层序,9个体系域,那读组那三段构成层序Ⅰ,那读组那二段和那一段构成层序Ⅱ,百岗组构成层序Ⅲ。层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ是盆地断陷期沉积,发育冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、深湖亚相和滨-浅湖亚相。层序Ⅱ湖泊沉积范围广,厚度大,厚层的湖相暗色泥岩是盆地主要烃源岩和区域性盖层。层序Ⅲ是盆地坳陷期的沉积,发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、河流相、三角洲相和滨-浅湖亚相。盆地中古近系沉积经过了洪积或冲积扇、河流三角洲→湖泊（扇三角洲）→河流的发育过程,反映了盆地从初期形成→扩张→萎缩的完整的演化序列。在层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ的低水位体系域,田东凹陷的中央断凹、南部次凹和那笔凸起的北部断鼻等区带发育长轴分布的河流三角洲砂岩,这些砂岩处于烃源岩成熟区,油气成藏条件优越,是河道岩性油藏勘探的有利区。在层序Ⅱ湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,北部陡坡发育扇三角洲砂体,与烃源岩指状交叉接触,有利于油气运聚成藏,容易形成大量上倾尖灭岩性油藏。 相似文献
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黄县盆地古近系煤与油页岩共生组合类型及发育特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄县盆地是我国东部重要的煤与油页岩资源赋存区。采用沉积学、层序地层学及构造地质学等多种学科研究方法,对黄县盆地煤与油页岩组合类型进行研究,并在层序地层格架下分析不同组合类型的沉积环境演化,这对于该区煤与油页岩资源勘查具有重要意义。研究结果表明:(1)该区煤与油页岩组合类型有四种型式:油页岩/其它沉积/煤层共生组合(煤4-泥岩-油4组合)、煤层/油页岩共生组合(煤3和油3,煤1和油2)、油页岩/煤层/油页岩共生组合(油2-煤1-油1)和油页岩/煤层共生组合(油上1和煤上1)。(2)在黄县断陷盆地古近系地层沉积充填序列中识别出两类三个性质不同的层序界面(SB1、SB2、SB3),其中李家崖组可划分出2个三级层序,各层序具有四元结构特点,即由低水位体系域、湖扩张体系域和早期高水位体系域、晚期高水位体系域组成。(3)黄县盆地古近系煤与油页岩共生组合主要在层序的低位体系域与湖侵体系域中发育,特别是在湖侵体系域中煤与油页岩组合类型丰富,主要与湖侵体系域复杂的沉积环境演化有关。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(8)
兴凯湖盆地是与敦密断裂构造活动密切相关的含煤盆地,发育古近系虎林组和新近系富锦组含煤地层。利用实测剖面、钻孔岩心及测井曲线资料,对该盆地含煤地层沉积环境、层序地层及聚煤特征进行研究,在研究区识别出三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。根据研究区内的岩性岩相变化,将区内含煤地层划分为2个三级层序Sq1和Sq2,其中层序Sq1相当于古近系虎林组,发育湖侵体系域和高位体系域,层序Sq2相当于新近系富锦组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域;古近纪主要聚煤环境为高位体系域的三角洲平原沼泽,新近纪聚煤环境为低位和湖侵体系域的滨浅湖淤浅沼泽和高位体系域的三角洲平原沼泽。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献