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1.
额尔齐斯河上游西伯利亚云杉树轮宽度年表特征分析及其对气候的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用采自阿尔泰山南坡额尔齐斯河上游森林6个采样点的低海拔西伯利亚云杉（Picea obovata Ledeb）树轮样本,建立6个树轮宽度指数年表。分析标准化树轮宽度年表的特征参数及对气候的响应发现：（1）可可托海北（KKT）年表包含的气候信息最多,其次是塔里德萨依（TLD）年表。（2）6个标准化年表及区域年表（HEC）与临近的富蕴气象站与生长季及生长季前期的降水呈正相关,与上年7月到当年6月降水量相关最高达0.755,该研究结果与新疆天山山区云杉对气候的响应完全一致。降水是森林下限西伯利亚云杉树轮宽度生长的主要限制因子。（3）海拔相对较高的协特克阔依汗（XTK）和KKT年表除与其它年表具有对降水相同的响应特点外,还与当年8月的平均最低气温呈显著正相关。（4）区域年表树轮宽度指数经历了9个偏高时段和8个偏低时段,揭示了该地区降水的长期变化。 相似文献
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利用帕米尔高原东北缘的昆仑圆柏树轮资料建立了850 a的树轮宽度年表(1165—2014年),是目前新疆最长的树轮年表。树轮宽度指数与乌恰站的气象资料相关分析表明:树轮宽度主要受水分条件限制,与降水量、降水日数和水汽压呈一致的正相关,其中树轮宽度标准年表与乌恰上年10月—当年7月的降水量的相关系数达到0.671。宽度年表与最高气温和最低气温呈反相关:当年生长季及其前期的最高气温与轮宽指数负相关,而最低气温(当年5月以外)与树木的生长正相关,表明生长季的较高的最高气温和冬季的较低的最低气温不利于树木的生长。树轮宽度指数与CRU格点降水资料的空间相关分析表明其能较好地反映帕米尔高原东部的降水变化,其次与新疆天山山区中部和南疆平原区的降水也具有较好的相关性。 相似文献
3.
利用天山中部北坡头屯河流域8个天山云杉树轮采点的树轮样本,建立树轮宽度指数年表,并分析树轮标准化年表与气候的相关性。结果发现:(1)树轮年表统计特征指示庙尔沟煤矿与三屯河树轮宽度标准化年表可能包含有较多的气候信息;(2)森林上限年表互相关平均系数为最大,森林下部林缘年表互相关平均系数居中,森林上树线附近的小渠子年表与处于下树线附近的庙尔沟煤矿年表间的相关系数最小;(3)位于森林下部林缘年表的连续显著的正自相关系数的阶数少于森林上限的年表,反映该区域森林下部林缘树轮中的气候信息较为清晰,上限年表中的气候信息较为模糊;(4)温度是影响森林上限树轮宽度年表树轮生长的的主要气候限制因子,而降水则是影响森林下部林缘树轮宽度年表树轮生长的主要气候限制因子,区域森林下部林缘年表当年轮宽指数与小渠子气象站上年7月至当年6月的降水呈显著正相关,区域森林上限年表与大西沟气象站当年2—3月的月平均气温呈正相关,这些相关具有明确的树木生理学意义;(5)区域森林上限年表经历了9个轮宽指数偏高时段和9个偏低时段,偏高时段反映当年2—3月的气温偏高,反之指示当年2—3月的气温偏低;区域森林下部林缘年表大致有5个轮宽指数偏高时段和5个偏低时段,偏高时段指示上年7月至当年6月降水偏多,反之表征上年7月至当年的降水偏少。 相似文献
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利用天山北坡中部沙湾地区两个坡面随海拔高度采集的雪岭云杉树芯样本,建立了13个树轮宽度年表。分析结果表明,2个坡面年表特征值随海拔高度的变化而不同,不同海拔树轮宽度对气候因子的响应呈现规律性。高低海拔采样点在生长季前对气候因子的响应相同,而在生长季则呈相反的响应。在生长季,高海拔采样点随海拔的升高,树轮宽度对气温的响应降低。不同坡面间受小生境的干扰较大,坡度较小的大鹿角湾高海拔采样点主要受气温的影响,而在坡度较大的石头沟高海拔采点则对降水有更明显的响应。沙湾树轮宽度年表对PDSI指数的响应与大尺度范围的树轮响应一致,即与PDSI呈正相关,低海拔区域响应最显著。主成分分析表明,在同一坡面树轮宽度年表的前3个主分量可以反映因海拔高度变化气候因子对树木年轮生长的影响。2个坡面树轮宽度年表的第一主分量表征持续干旱对整个坡面的影响。 相似文献
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根据伊犁南部山区10个采样点的树轮宽度年表与气象资料的相关普查,研究发现,伊犁南部山区树木径向生长整体与气温响应不显著,生长季之前的降水对雪岭云杉径向生长有重要影响,尤其是冬季积雪.树木径向生长与主要积雪参数呈显著正相关关系.其中,伊犁地区西段QST、ZMC树轮年表与当年1、2月的最大积雪深度相关性最好,相关系数分别达... 相似文献
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中亚区域气候与水文变化特征及其对全球气候变化的响应重要而复杂,伊塞克湖流域周边山区分布的天山云杉原始森林为揭示区域过去几百年气候水文变化事实和规律提供了良好的载体。本文利用伊塞克湖周边山区4个点的树木年轮宽度、入湖年径流量以及CRU格点气象资料,基于对树轮宽度指数对区域水文和气候要素响应关系分析,利用区域树轮宽度差值年表重建了伊塞克湖355a来的入湖径流量变化历史,二者线性转换方程的方差解释量为30．2％。重建径流量的丰枯阶段变化与天山北坡的玛纳斯河、乌鲁木齐河相对应。但与天山南坡的阿克苏河流域的径流量的低频变化特征不一致,在1850年前的变化趋势相反。空间相关分析发现伊塞克湖流域重建径流量变化能较好地代表中亚天山北坡以及哈萨克斯坦东南部和新疆北部平原区降水变化。此外,还发现了伊塞克湖径流量与北大西洋长周期年代际震荡（AMO）在年代际尺度的同步变化。 相似文献
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通过对新疆天山北坡三屯河流域2个采点的云杉树轮宽度标准化年表与小渠子和大西沟气象站月降水相关普查分析发现,区域森林中下部林缘年表与小渠子气象站上年7月至当年6月的降水呈显著正相关,其相关系数为0.694（p〈0.000 1）,且具有明确的树木生理学意义。利用区域森林中下部林缘年表序列可较好地重建小渠子气象站146 a来上年7月至当年6月降水量。对天山北坡三屯河流域过去146 a降水变化特征分析表明：天山北坡三屯河流域降水大体经历了6个偏干阶段和6个偏湿阶段,具有2、4、7、14、26 a的变化准周期,1942年和1945年分别是三屯河流域甚至天山山区较大范围内过去146 a的降水最大年份和最小年份,降水的长期变化与天山山区变化趋势有很大的相似性。 相似文献
9.
在天山北坡东部森林上限采集雪岭云杉样本,建立了树轮宽度年表和稳定碳同位素序列,采用相关函数分析了树轮宽度与木垒气象站温度和降水的关系,发现这一区域的树轮宽度主要受到水分条件的限制,但由于采样点位于森林上限,温度也限制了树木的生长,导致了树轮宽度记录降水信息能力减弱。树木年轮稳定碳同位素序列反映了工业革命以来,由于化石燃料燃烧,大气CO2浓度增加,大气δ13C降低的事实。将树轮δ13C序列进行校正后与木垒月气象资料的相关分析表明,树轮碳同位素序列与温度和降水的关系较为复杂,可能受到多种因素的共同影响。这一区域森林上限的树轮碳同位素并不是反映气候变化的最好指标。 相似文献
10.
张瑞波 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(4):1-6
利用2012年10月采自吉尔吉斯斯坦西天山chon-kyzyl-suu附近的森林上线和下线两个采样点的雪岭云杉树轮样本,建立了上下线树轮宽度年表,结合近百年CRU（0.5?.5）气温和降水资料,分析该地区森林上下线树轮对气候响应的异同。研究表明,森林上下线树轮年表一致性较好,尤其是窄轮出现年份基本相同;对气温响应方面,森林上线树轮年表与春季尤其是4-5月份平均温度显著负相关;而森林下线树轮年表与夏季尤其是6-7月平均气温显著相关。降水方面,树轮年表与上年7月到当年6月降水相关最好,森林下线年表与上年7月到当年6月的降水量相关系数超过0.61;上线也达到了0.49。与中国境内雪岭云杉对气候响应基本相同,位于吉尔吉斯斯坦的西天山北坡树轮宽度同样对降水的响应更为敏感,尤其在森林下线;降水可能是该地区树木生长的主要限制性因子,降水对森林下线树轮径向生长起决定性作用。空间相关分析表明,树轮年表能较好的代表西天山大部分区域上年7月到当年6月的降水量,尤其是西天山北坡吉尔吉斯斯坦境内。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献