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1.
报道了一件产自辽西北票地区早白垩世义县组陆家屯层中的燕子沟辽角龙(Liaoceratops yanzigouensis)化石标本。该标本保存了燕子沟辽角龙的一些典型特征:前颌齿3颗;较大的三角形的眶前窝,外颧骨不发育;前齿骨上翘呈钩状;下颌后腹缘的边棱脊发育,并在其后部发育瘤状结节。根据对化石的CT扫描和三维图像重建,笔者对燕子沟辽角龙吻骨的形态特征进行了补充,包括吻骨前缘呈龙骨脊状,后侧发育一棱柱状纵脊等。此外,首次对燕子沟辽角龙的头后骨骼进行了描述,其中,股骨第四转子的特征可能对基干新角龙类的分类有一定意义。 相似文献
2.
新铺龙是产于我国西南地区的海龙目的一个属,最早发现于贵州省关岭晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组地层。虽然新铺龙材料众多,但其未成年个体骨骼学特征及个体发育模式并未被详细地记述。笔者等报道了一个保存完好的孙氏新铺龙未成年标本,是目前发现最小的完整的孙氏新铺龙个体,标本产自贵州省关岭县新铺乡。依据其体长小于正型标本的一半,头骨长度和躯干比值大,头骨骨缝清晰等特征,判断该标本为孙氏新铺龙的幼年个体。新标本补充了孙氏新铺龙幼年个体的形态学信息,如上颞骨内侧突短于外侧突,翼骨无牙齿发育,神经弓与椎体未融合,尺骨两端微凸,五边形坐骨等。此外,结合已发表的新铺龙标本数据进行统计分析发现,该物种吻部相对头部呈负异速生长,证明了吻部占头骨比例的大小属于新铺龙种内个体发育差异,而并非之前所认为的新铺龙种间差异。 相似文献
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新铺龙是产于我国西南地区的海龙目的一个属,最早发现于贵州省关岭晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组地层。虽然新铺龙材料众多,但其未成年个体骨骼学特征及个体发育模式并未被详细地记述。本文报道了一个保存完好的孙氏新铺龙未成年标本,是目前发现最小的完整的孙氏新铺龙个体,标本产自贵州省关岭县新铺乡。依据其体长小于正型标本的一半,头骨长度和躯干比值大,头骨骨缝清晰等特征,判断该标本为孙氏新铺龙的幼年个体。新标本补充了孙氏新铺龙幼年个体的形态学信息,如上颞骨内侧突短于外侧突,翼骨无牙齿发育,神经弓与椎体未融合,尺骨两端微凸,五边形坐骨等。此外,结合已发表的新铺龙标本数据进行统计分析发现,该物种吻部相对头部呈负异速生长,证明了吻部占头骨比例的大小属于新铺龙种内个体发育差异,而并非之前所认为的新铺龙种间差异。 相似文献
4.
提出一种新的高精确度的方法来计算沉积旋回韵律,即以样品断面光学灰度参数作为韵律沉积变化的替代指标,利用数字图像分析软件,通过最小二乘法、一阶差分法等数据处理后,定量计算沉积旋回韵律。对采自四川江油西南部中三叠统雷口坡组的纹层藻白云岩样品进行研究,观察样品抛光面和薄片,确定藻白云石具有明显的潮汐沉积韵律纹层。应用此方法计算得出研究区样品共有217个潮汐层偶对,层偶对最大厚度为4.2mm,通过人工计数对比证明了该方法的可行性。这种技术方法与传统方法相比更省时、更高效,可推广性高,同时也可应用于其它类型频段韵律旋回中。 相似文献
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提出一种新的高精确度的方法来计算沉积旋回韵律,即以样品断面光学灰度参数作为韵律沉积变化的替代指标,利用数字图像分析软件,通过最小二乘法、一阶差分法等数据处理后,定量计算沉积旋回韵律。对采自四川江油西南部中三叠统雷口坡组的纹层藻白云岩样品进行研究,观察样品抛光面和薄片,确定藻白云石具有明显的潮汐沉积韵律纹层。应用此方法计算得出研究区样品共有217个潮汐层偶对,层偶对最大厚度为4.2mm,通过人工计数对比证明了该方法的可行性。这种技术方法与传统方法相比更省时、更高效,可推广性高,同时也可应用于其它类型频段韵律旋回中。 相似文献
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四川阿坝——秀山地学断面 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
四川省阿坝—秀山地学断面长约1000km,横跨上扬子地台和松潘-甘孜地槽褶皱系。在综合研究现有地质、地球物理资料的基础上,对断面及邻区划分出不同性质的三大岩石圈块体;结合表壳变形特征又区分出以四川地块为中心的东、西对冲构造体系;并进一步划分出8个次级构造带(块)。在垂向上划分出地壳、岩石圈厚度及形态,讨论了地壳次级分层及壳、幔低速层、低阻层和高阻层异常的特征,提出了初步解释。指出龙门山断裂带西部地壳缩短、增厚的主要因素。概述了地壳演化。 相似文献
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为进一步明确荆门探区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气资源潜力,优选甜点层段,以X井五峰组–龙马溪组一段页岩为主要研究对象,利用干酪根薄片、X衍射、核磁共振、微纳米CT扫描及地化分析等多种测试手段,结合测井解释成果,从岩石学、有机地球化学、矿物组成、孔隙类型及结构、物性及含气性等方面,系统评价五峰组—龙一段各小层储层特征,以优选甜点层段。结果表明:五峰组—龙一段以硅质页岩为主,主要形成于深水陆棚相还原环境,优质页岩段页岩气品质较高,有机地化特征优越;多手段测试孔隙率与渗透率均具有正相关特征,饱和水页岩核磁共振T2谱可分为2类5型,不同类型T2谱所反映的页岩孔径分布特征具有差异性,孤立孔主要存在于小于2 nm的微孔中,占比非常小;基于储层特征评价,优选出龙一$_1^1$—龙一$_1^2$小层为一类储层,五峰组上段和龙一$_1^3$小层为二类储层,龙一$_1^4$小层为三类储层,富碳高硅页岩段的五峰组上段—龙一$_1^3$小层(厚度约17.7 m)为页岩气甜点层段,研究成果可为荆门探区页岩气勘探开发确定水平井的靶体层段提供参考依据。 相似文献
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对四川稻城县海子山高原上的方枝柏进行树芯采集,经交叉定年后建立林线上限位置的方枝柏树轮宽度年表。标准化年表与气象资料的响应分析结果揭示了该地区树木生长主要受当年生长季前期温度条件的控制。轮宽指数与前一年9月到当年2月的平均气温呈显著正相关（R=0.56,P<0.01）。由此重建了该地区1850—2019年这170 a的前一年9月到当年2月平均气温的变化,转换函数方差解释量31.7%。重建结果与邻近地区树轮记录的温度变化具有较好的一致性。重建序列显示工业革命以来,研究区经历较冷的时期有：1870—1890年和1960—1980年;较暖的时期有：1884—1892年、1919—1925年、1940—1960年以及1980—2019年。1940—1960年是20世纪最暖的时期,20世纪60年代后温度呈现下降趋势,1980年开始气温保持持续升高,2010年之后气温有小幅下降。重建气温序列与太阳黑子数变化和北大西洋多年代际涛动AMO有较强的响应,揭示了太阳活动、海温等因子可能对该区温度变化产生重要影响。 相似文献
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产出在四川美姑峨眉山玄武岩中的水晶有两种类型,即产出在玄武岩气孔中第一成矿阶段紫色水晶和“三色”层水晶与玄武岩层间滑（错）动裂隙或晶洞中第二成矿阶段的浅色水晶。晶体中铁氧化物包裹体为镜铁矿、赤铁矿、纤铁矿。包裹体的形貌结构有两种类型：其一具三圈层构造球粒（0.15~0.5㎜）,它由球核、球壳与表层三部分组成,球核与表层为红棕色,球壳为铁黑色,称“红夹黑”。扫描电镜（SEM）与能谱分析（EDS）表明,球壳由绕球核呈放射状排列的片状镜铁矿组成,表层为红色半透明鳞片状纤铁矿,球核由微晶赤铁矿定向聚合呈圆球形或向外伸出的圆柱形,球粒产出在“三色”层水晶的红棕色间歇层的夹层（0.4~0.7㎜）中;其二具两圈层构造的中空管,管的长轴方向垂直水晶的菱面体单形晶面方向。SEM及EDS测试表明,管中心为空管,内圈为铁黑色片状镜铁矿,外圈为厚度不一的红棕色赤铁矿,管的形貌有滴管状、钟乳状、倒葫芦状,晶出在第二成矿阶段第一世代条带状水晶的条带中。“三色”层及条带状水晶中的包裹体是强酸性氧逸度高、且热动力生长环境条件极不稳定的产物。水晶流体包裹体均一温度及拉曼光谱分析研究,水晶矿属低温热液（150~190℃）成矿,成矿流体的盐度较低, 5.7%~13.2%NaCleq,其中紫晶盐度最高（13.2% NaCleq）,条带状水晶盐度较低（6% NaCleq）。流体包裹体主要由H2O和SO2及微量CH4组成。这项研究对了解铁氧化物生长机理、生长速率、生长环境热动力条件变化及成矿阶段划分都具重要意义,同时对研究现今表生氧化环境所形成铁氧化物种类、机理也有现实指导意义。 相似文献
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针对伊朗SA油田上白垩统Sarvak油藏富含厚壳蛤碎屑Sar-3层开发所遇问题,运用岩芯,薄片,XRD,三维地震等资料,对厚壳蛤建隆沉积模式及对应形成储层结构进行研究。研究表明Sar-3沉积期主要发育属于碳酸盐缓坡沉积体系内障壁岛-滩亚相内的厚壳蛤丘和伴生潮坪两类微相,结合区域构造沉积背景建立沉积模式,该模式强调以下要点:①受构造运动影响形成的古地层隆起为影响厚壳蛤生物礁建隆分布主控因素;②受海平面下降和古地层隆起向上抬升影响,厚壳蛤建隆在生长早期受强水流作用破坏,搬运再沉积形成缓丘状礁滩混合体;③Sar-3层上部广泛发育潮坪环境致密泥晶灰岩沉积,受古地貌控制,边部构造低部位区垂向可叠置发育多期潮坪沉积;④旋回末形成局部短暂水上暴露环境,大气水所造成的淡水淋滤作用为影响储层性质及结构主要因素。Sar-3层垂向结构可表征为二元结构,下部为厚壳蛤灰岩储层,上部为潮坪致密灰岩隔层,两者厚度受控于古地貌,古地貌高点为储层有利发育区。以此为依据提出相应水平井开发对策:古地貌高部位区力争轨迹保持在油层中部钻进,低部位区前段以微倾角钻穿油层,后段确保在储层底部钻进。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献