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通过实测剖面、岩矿鉴定、编制沉积断面图、砂体和煤层等厚图等资料分析,从京西木城涧矿区窑坡组中识别出湖泊沉积体系、河流沉积体系和沼泽沉积体系,并详细阐述了其成因相的岩相构成;在此基础上,指出窑坡组沉积早期为湖泊环境,主体沉积期为总体NE流向的网结河环境,其间伴随湖泊或河流周期性消亡而大面积泥炭沼泽化形成了稳定的可采煤层和含煤沉积旋回。富煤带总体呈NE50°～80°展布,与泥炭沼泽沉积期下伏不同沉积相的压实效应有关,后者通过影响地表起伏和积水深度,控制着泥炭的堆积速率和厚度。 相似文献
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鲁西南石炭二叠纪煤系潮坪沉积体系与聚煤作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鲁西南石炭二叠纪煤系形成于内陆表海盆地。潮坪沉积体系是研究区聚时重要的沉积体系之一。作者详细研究了潮坪沉积体系的内部构成、成因相及各种沉积体发育特点，分析了沉积组合类型及其成因单元，论述了潮坪沉积体系的聚煤特点及富单元的形成与分布规律。 相似文献
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通过石屏二矿勘查区含煤地层实测剖面及钻井岩心沉积学分析,认为龙潭组为陆相-海陆过渡相沉积,其中以海陆过渡相沉积为主,自下而上形成了风化残积体系、湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系及潟湖-潮坪沉积体系;C25煤层形成于泥炭沼泽相,C24煤层形成于滨湖相,C20、C19、C17、C14形成于三角洲平原相及分流间湾相,C11煤层形成于潟湖-潮坪相;勘查区最有利的聚煤环境为风化残积沉积和三角洲沉积体系,主要煤层除受沉积环境影响外,还受控于层间滑动断层及上覆砂岩冲刷作用的影响。 相似文献
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山东兖州矿区太原组16号煤层煤相研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用微观研究的方法,对兖州矿区太原组16号煤层的煤相进行了研究。从煤岩学特征、沉积学特征和古植物特征等方面,系统总结了16号煤层的成因标志。在此基础上以沉积环境和古植物组成的变化为依据,对其煤相成因类型进行了划分,共为13种煤相类型,并对该煤层煤相类型的演化规律进行了分析。 相似文献
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成因地层分析是陆相盆地填图中行之有效的方法。构成盆地的成因地层单位具有多级性,次级成因单位是组成高级成因地层单位的基本要素。正确地识别和划分岩性相、岩性相组合和沉积体系,对合理划分岩石地层单位、查明其成因环境、沉积作用和空间配置关系,研究盆地的发生发展及建立盆地地层格架等均具有重要意义。滦平盆地填图中成功的采用了成因地层分析方法,划分出14个岩性相和10个岩性相组合,根据各岩性相组合的成因联系和空间关系,进一步划分出冲积扇沉积体系、扇三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。并根据各沉积体系的空间配置和变化规律,客观地划分了正式和非正式填图单位。 相似文献
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晚二叠世龙潭组沉积期是湖北省境内一次重要的成煤时期,由于煤层的不稳定性,其煤层层数、厚度、煤质等存在明显差异。通过岩性、煤层及古生物研究对比,查明龙潭组由下向上共出现5个煤层,煤层的形成与沉积特征明显受岩相古地理条件所制约。在龙潭组沉积期,湖北省境内总体为"两陆夹一盆"的基本格局,形成潮坪-泻湖-障壁岛沉积体系,该沉积体系是华南海北部沉积区的一个组成部分,由秦淮古陆、海湾泻湖及江南古陆组成,沉积区主要为泻湖相和潮坪相单元,其中沼泽亚相为煤层的最佳沉积环境。 相似文献
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以定边地区钻孔成果及测井新资料为基础,运用沉积学研究方法对区内延安组沉积体系、沉积微相及聚煤规律进行了研究,认为本区延安组一段、四段主要发育辫状河、曲流河沉积体系,由于辫状河的“游荡性”其成煤作用较差,曲流河河漫沼泽成煤作用相对较好,而河流沉积体系成煤作用总体较差,煤层厚度交化大、层位不稳定、多次分叉或合并、结构复杂.延安组二段、三段主要发育三角洲沉积体系,三角洲平原泥炭沼泽环境是有利的成煤场所,其煤层层位及厚度稳定、结构简单、分布范围广,是本区乃至整个鄂尔多斯盆地主要成煤沉积体系. 相似文献
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渤海海域古近系沙河街组一二段广泛发育与扇三角洲沉积体系伴生的混合沉积.通过岩心、显微组构及岩石储层物性等钻井资料,对陆相湖盆背景下扇三角洲混合沉积的沉积环境、砂体成因机理、分布规律及储层机理进行了详细研究.研究成果表明,扇三角洲混合沉积可分为扇三角洲前缘混合沉积和前扇三角洲混合沉积两类亚相.扇三角洲前缘混合沉积包括水下碎屑流混合沉积和河口坝混合沉积成因相类型;前扇三角洲则发育前扇三角洲混合沉积.通过对混合沉积特征分析及成因相内部构成精细解剖,总结出两类陆相断陷湖盆背景下的扇三角洲体系伴生混合沉积模式,分别归结为扇三角洲重力流驱动混合模式与扇三角洲建设-废弃互层型混合模式.结合储层物性特征研究表明,渤海海域扇三角洲混积岩储层具有:（1）在中深层埋深下保持良好的原生孔隙;（2）选择性溶蚀孔隙增加了次生孔隙;（3）碳酸盐含量高,有利于储层酸化改造等储层优势的特征,对渤海海域中深埋藏储层勘探预测具有重要意义. 相似文献
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华亭矿区延安组形成于河流、湖泊三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,其中以湖泊三角洲平原占优势,其沉积相有河流相、冲积扇相、湖泊三角洲相、湖泊相.煤系沉积初期,以河流及冲积扇沉积为主,沉积中期则以湖泊三角洲沉积为主,晚期以湖泊环境为主,延安组各煤层大多是在湖泊三角洲平原上泥沼化形成的. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献