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1.
珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪孢粉植物群的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用孢粉分析的方法对珠江三角洲北部地区多个钻孔进行了古植被和古环境的研究。结果表明,该区晚更新世与全新的孢粉组合存在明显区别,更新世时期以木本植物为主,而全新世表现为蕨类孢子和草本花粉的大幅度增加。该特征反映了更新世本区为河漫滩洼地沉积为主,局部受海侵影响,而全新世为海湾河口相沉积。根据木本植物花粉不同组分的含量变化以及某些气候敏感属种的出现,可以推论晚更新世亚间冰期的年平均气温比现今低２￣４℃左 相似文献
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通过对辽东湾北部LH01孔柱状岩芯样品进行粒度、孢粉、有孔虫和测年多项环境指标测试,探讨了辽东湾北部晚更新世24ka BP以来的古环境演变。LH01孔沉积环境经历了晚更新世晚期河湖相沉积—全新世早期海陆交互相沉积—全新世中期浅海相沉积—全新世晚期河口滨海相沉积;气候经历了晚更新世晚期冷较干—晚更新世晚期凉稍润—新仙女木降温—全新世早期凉稍润—全新世中期温暖较润—全新世中期温暖较干—全新世晚期温较干的变化;LH01孔在大约7.5ka BP发生了盘山海侵。 相似文献
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东海长江口区晚第四纪孢粉组合及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过第四纪沉积物孢粉分析,反映了本区及其周围区域晚第四纪时期的古植被和古气候.晚更新世晚期以松、蒿为主的针阔叶混交林—草原植被,代表第四纪末次冰期盛冰段影响下形成的冷干植物群,气候冷凉干燥,年均气温较现代低6.5—10℃左右,全新世中期为常绿落叶阔叶混交林,气候湿热,年均气温比现代长江下游地区高2—4℃左右.依据气候地层学原则,划分了本区全新世与更新世地层的界线. 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2014,(5)
湖泊沉积物中孢粉组合因受花粉传播过程以及湖泊水动力条件影响,湖盆不同位置沉积物中孢粉组合存在差异。已有研究表明湖泊表层沉积物中孢粉组合存在差异,但是就古气候研究来讲,湖盆不同位置沉积地层中的孢粉组合对比更有益于古环境重建。猪野泽是近年来全新世研究的热点区域,该湖盆现有多个剖面分布于湖盆不同位置,为同一湖盆不同位置地层孢粉组合对比提供了条件,而其他湖泊因受钻孔或剖面数量及位置的限制很难展开上述研究。研究在原有SJC、QTH02和QTL03孢粉剖面的基础上,增加了SKJ、JTL剖面全新世孢粉组合结果,来探讨全新世千年尺度上湖盆内部孢粉传播动力学特性。SJC剖面全新世孢粉组合反映流域植被变化;QTL03、QTH02剖面沉积环境相对稳定,但孢粉组合仍不可避免地受到流域性花粉的影响;SKJ、JTL剖面远离入湖区,其孢粉组合反映全新世湖泊周围植被特征。因此,在解释千年尺度孢粉组合的古环境意义时,应充分考虑湖盆内部花粉的再分配和传播过程。 相似文献
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三江平原沼泽发育与晚更新世末期以来古地理环境演变的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文根据沼泽剖面的 ~(14)C测年、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X-衍射分析、植物残体鉴定和沉积物化学元素资料,研究了晚更新世末期以来三江平原沼泽发育与古地理环境演变。结果表明,沼泽发生及其发展与古地理环境演变有极其密切的关系。可分为四个时期:晚更新世末期沼泽孕育期,早全新世沼泽萌芽发育期,中全新世沼泽旺盛发育期,晚全新世沼泽继续扩大发育期。距今11000年左右应为本区晚更新世与全新世的分界。腐泥层底是全新统的下界。同江县勤得利农场十九队、抚远县创业队沼泽剖面可作为本区全新世的标准剖面。泥炭积累速率为晚全新世>早全新世>中全新世。 相似文献
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太湖平原第四纪古地理环境演变若干问题的讨论 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
太湖平原第四纪沉积可划分出两个海相层及海陆过渡相及湖相、河湖相.其第四纪古地理环境演变大致经历六个阶段:更新世中期古太湖发育阶段、晚更新世中期的太湖湾发育阶段、晚更新世末期“江南湖泊群”发育阶段、全新世中期的太湖湾发展阶段、全新世后期湖泊—泻湖交替演化阶段和现代太湖发育阶段.就目前资料看长江对太湖平原的影响可能仅限于全新世后期. 相似文献
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广州番禺东涌剖面样品的AMS（磁谱仪）年龄及红树林孢粉分析结果表明,珠江三角洲存在晚更新世和全新世的红树林,红树林是海侵的标志之一.按照检出红树属花粉的9个剖面的分布以及5处埋藏红树林腐木的分布,可以描绘出全新世海侵的边界.根据东涌剖面的沉积旋回、样品年龄、红树林花粉含量曲线、半咸水-淡水硅藻及热性-温性硅藻含量曲线的综合分析,可将沉积环境的变迁分为4个阶段.第一阶段和第三阶段的海侵有利于红树林的发展,第二阶段不利于红树林的发展,第四阶段的晚全新世,红树林的生长频繁,显示人为因素的影响. 相似文献
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厦门港弯柱样沉积物的孢粉组合特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据厦门港湾12个柱样沉积物的孢粉分析结果，划分出三个孢粉带，探讨了其沉积环境与古气侯演化史。Ⅲ榛属-藜科-水龙骨科带，以榛和草本为主，表明为稀树草原植被和温凉干燥气候，陆相沉积，形成于晚更新世晚期至早全新世；Ⅱ栎属、栲属、栗属-水龙骨科带，表明为繁盛的常绿阔叶林和茂密的灌木草本植被，气候最湿润暖热，为冰后期海面最高时期，海相沉积，形成于中全新世；I 松属-禾本科-蕨属、水龙骨科带，由蕨带、草本和针叶树组成，表明主要为针叶树和栽培植被，气候转为暖干，现代沉积，即晚全新世。 相似文献
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舟山群岛峡道底部高程及其冲刷对浙闽沿海泥沙供给的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据舟山群岛峡道地区的钻孔资料，在有孔虫、花粉和沉积特性分析结果的基础上，分析了晚更新世海面变化，探讨了晚更新世末期峡道内的地面高程，进而根据海图量算结果，讨论了舟山群岛峡道底部的泥沙冲淤及其对浙闽沿海泥沙供给的影响。本文认为，晚更新世以来舟山群岛地区发生了三次海进海退，其中晚更新世末期低海面时，舟山群岛峡道高程约位于吴淞基面以下３８ｍ左右，全新世海侵以来，受峡道水动力的作用，除部分峡道内海湾发生淤积外，舟山群岛峡道底部发生了明显的冲刷，其最大冲刷厚度可达８０ｍ左右，为杭州湾乃至整个浙闽沿海提供了大量的泥沙 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献