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对虾病原菌抑菌药物的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用药敏纸片法研究了48种化学疗剂对中国对虾红腿病病原菌(包括Vibrio alg-inolyticus,V.campbellii,V.parahaemolyticus,Proteus vulgaris及未确定的海洋弧菌)生长的抑制作用,其中氯霉素(30μg/片)、磺胶药+TMP(25μg/片)和呋喃妥因(200μg/片)抑菌力最强、抑菌谱最广;红霉素(15iu/片)、土霉素(30μg/片)无明显抑菌作用。对27种中草药水浸液以平板点种法试抑菌作用。结果表明乌梅、石榴皮、五味子的水浸液具有较强的抑菌活性,可用于配制防病药物饵料。5,7—二氯-8-羟基喹啉对多种病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,药物平板点种法最小抑菌浓度为25mg/L,药浴法有效抑菌浓度低于5mg/L。 相似文献
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采用二倍稀释法测定8种常用抗菌药对致病性鳗弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。以MIC为单位,采用1,5,10,20倍MIC下抑菌圈直径为参数,分别比较8种常用抗菌药抑杀菌效果,通过分析比较优化最佳参数。利用优化出的最佳参数,比较8种常用抗菌渔药单独用药与联合用药对鳗弧菌的抑杀菌效果。结果表明:5倍MIC下抑菌圈直径是本实验筛选抗菌药的最佳参数。在此参数下,鳗弧菌对庆大霉素和氟哌酸高度敏感;对链霉素、土霉素、盐酸诺氟沙星、氟甲砜霉素和甲砜霉素中度敏感。盐酸诺氟沙星与甲砜霉素的联合效果最好。 相似文献
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鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)可感染鳗鲡、虹鳟和大菱鲆等多种水产动物,是水产养殖中的一种重要病原菌,对其进行快速检测是病害防控的前提和基础。利用鳗弧菌与其核酸适配体之间有较强的亲和特异性,首次建立了一种基于核酸适配体的可定量检测鳗弧菌的差减荧光法。该方法对鳗弧菌有较好的特异性,对鳗弧菌的检测荧光值是其他菌(溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和大肠杆菌)的4～11倍,对鳗弧菌的最低检测限为102CFU/mL,可用于102～108CFU/mL的范围内的定量检测。通过对不同盐度海水和鱼体组织样品进行加标回收检测,结果表明,回收率和相对标准偏差等指标均符合相应的标准,说明该检测方法可用于海水样品和水产动物组织中鳗弧菌的检测。 相似文献
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铁蛋白(Ferritin,Fer)是一类广泛存在于生物体内、并与铁代谢密切相关的铁储存蛋白。本研究通过香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)单核/巨噬细胞转录组测序获得铁蛋白亚基基因(Pa Fer)c DNA全序列,结果显示,Pa Fer由943个核苷酸组成,开放阅读框为531bp,编码176个氨基酸,预测相对分子质量为20.4k Da,等电点为5.46。氨基酸序列多重比对结果显示,Pa Fer具有保守的铁蛋白样双铁结构域,与虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)Fer M亚基(Fer-M)同源性最高,均为92%;系统进化树分析表明,Pa Fer与胡瓜鱼、大西洋鲑和虹鳟的Fer-M聚为一个小簇,与虹鳟Fer-M进化相关性最高。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,q PCR)结果表明,Pa Fer m RNA主要在香鱼脾脏中表达量最高,肾脏、鳃、脑和心脏中次之;鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染后,香鱼肝脏、脾脏和肾脏等组织中Pa Fer m RNA表达显著上调。原核表达了Pa Fer重组蛋白(r Pa Fer),r Pa Fer以包涵体形式表达,镍柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,尿素梯度透析法复性r Pa Fer。铁螯合实验结果显示,当r Pa Fer浓度为4μg/m L时,螯合铁的能力最大,为43.96%。抑菌实验结果表明,r Pa Fer对鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)的最小抑菌浓度分别为1.5625、25.0和100.0μg/m L。综上,Pa Fer与香鱼抗病原感染的免疫反应紧密相关,可能通过调控铁代谢参与鱼类抵抗微生物的宿主自身免疫过程。本研究为进一步研究鱼类Fer的功能及在病原菌感染免疫中的分子机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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研究了高体Serioladumerili弧菌病致病菌对 30种抗菌药物的敏感性 ,测定了磺胺类药物、先锋必素等 4种抗菌性较强的抗菌药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)以及最小抑菌时间 (MIT)。磺胺类药物的MIC和MBC最低 ,MIT最小。进一步的小型治疗实验结果表明 ,磺胺类药物能有效地控制高体弧菌病的发生 ,对该病的治愈率达75% ,是治疗高体弧菌病的首选药物。文中还强调了对养殖环境中致病菌的浓度进行监测和控制的重要性。 相似文献
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对中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgia suberosa)乙醇提取物及其石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相进行了抗氧化和抑菌两种生物活性研究。结果表明:中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对羟自由基的清除效果好,在50mg/L时清除效率均高于同浓度的合成抗氧化剂TBHQ和BHT;石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除效率优于正丁醇相和乙醇提取物。另外,对5种海洋细菌、4种陆地细菌进行了抑菌活性测定,发现乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对海洋细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为100g/L左右,对受试陆地细菌未见抑菌作用。 相似文献
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贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) DH82发酵上清液经最佳硫酸铵饱和度(70%)沉淀、透析获得粗蛋白,粗蛋白经Sephadex G-75柱层析的色谱条件为柱1. 6 cm×50. 0 cm;上样量为5 mL;洗脱液为超纯水,流速2 mL/min;检测波长280 nm,获得两个具有抑菌活性的峰蛋白PrⅠ和PrⅡ。两个峰蛋白经抑菌谱检测,发现对常见水产指示病原细菌包括迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、坎氏弧菌(Vibrio campbellii)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)都具有较好抑菌活性,表明深海贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DH82产生的抑菌活性物质对水产病原细菌的抑菌谱较广,其中峰蛋白PrⅡ对指示植物病原真菌水贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equisetum)也具有较好抑菌作用。进一步对峰蛋白进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)检验,发现其对迟缓爱德华氏菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC都较低(为7. 16μg/mL)。以上研究结果表明,深海贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DH82具有较宽的抑菌谱及较强的抑菌活性,预示该菌株在常见水产细菌性及个别植物真菌性病害防治上具有较好的开发利用价值。 相似文献
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目的：研究扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌的体外抗菌活性，为临床规范使用该药提供实验依据。方法：制备扭肚藤水煎液，采用牛津杯法初筛检测其抑菌作用，再分别应用液体培养基2倍稀释法和琼脂平板法检测其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌均有较强的抑菌作用。扭肚藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为62.5mg/L，MBC为125mg/ml；对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC均为125mg/L，MBC均为250mg/ml。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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