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地震是活动断裂构造在区域构造应力场作用下，应变能释放的结果。地表建筑，构筑物的地震破坏与地震形变带均匀为同一构造应力场作用的产物，所以它们必然具有相同的力学性状特征。本文通过国内外一些强烈地震震害实例，充分论主下了地震地面运动卓越方向的存在，并指出了它在抗震防灾及工程抗震和震害预测预防方面的重要性。 相似文献
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0引言申扎地震构造区地处西藏构造块体的中部,是近期地震的活跃地区之一。该地震构造区是由2组方向不同的活动断层组合而成,它们是NW走向的右旋走滑的格林错断层;另一条是近NS向甲岗东麓正断层,申扎地震构造区自晚第四纪以来就开始新的活动,其运动幅度和速率都比较强,全新世仍具有强烈新活动特征。由于受印度板块向北强烈推挤,引起了东西的拉张作用,构成了一个独特的地震活动构造环境“’。近十年来,申扎构造区逐渐进入地震活跃时段,中强地震频繁发生,形成频度高、强度大的地震活动区。它的孕震过程是：小震群活动一平静一主震… 相似文献
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利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,通过结合区域构造背景分析呼图壁MS6.2地震震中及附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率动态变化特征。结果表明,呼图壁地震前发震构造南部区域地壳速率高于北部区域运动速率,造成发震构造两盘运动速率不同,地壳能量积蓄。呼图壁地震释放了区域积蓄的应变能量,由于区域构造因素,影响范围较小。震前震中附近区域处于压缩环境,易于聚集应变能量;震时震中区出现面膨胀等值线密集高梯度带,是地壳应变能量交换和释放剧烈区域。震中区最大剪应变变化不大,反映呼图壁地震逆冲性质,最大剪应变高值区对地震危险性有预示作用。 相似文献
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结合GNSS和黑龙江地区定点形变观测,分析日本2011年3月11日Mw9.0地震对黑龙江地区地壳形变的影响.结果显示:日本Mw9.0地震引起哈尔滨站、绥阳站震后2年内运动速率明显增加(哈尔滨站增大4 mm/a,绥阳站速率增大6 mm/a);定点形变与GPS观测到的同震效应至少在4个台站多种仪器均具有较好的一致性;日本Mw 9.0地震不仅引起区域水平向应变变化,对垂直向也产生一定影响;长基线变化反映出日本Mw9.0地震引起的大空间尺度应变变化与黑龙江地区长期构造应力场背景一致,该地震对黑龙江地区地表应变积累可能有增强影响. 相似文献
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首先, 利用“中国地壳运动观测网络”和“中国构造环境观测网络”截至2013年的GPS区域站观测资料, 结合地质构造, 简要分析了2014年2月12日新疆于田7.3级地震前大区域地壳水平运动变形背景; 接着, 对青藏块体东北缘地区GPS和精密水准两种不同类型资料反映的地壳运动变形与应变积累状态进行了对比分析研究; 最后, 结合地震活动动力环境, 研究和探讨了于田7.3级地震的发生对青藏块体东北缘地震活动的可能影响。 我们认为, 此次于田7.3级地震发生在近年来中国西部边邻强构造活动环境和内陆地壳强烈差异运动显著的背景下, 同时也是青藏块体及其边缘构造应力场较强的时段; 于田7.3级地震左旋走滑错动和应力传递, 可能会加速青藏块体东北缘具有高应变积累的构造断裂部位(尤其是祁连山构造带、 西秦岭以南的甘青川交界)破裂释放。 相似文献
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青藏块体东北缘现今构造形变与蕴震特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用青藏块体东北缘近30年的精密水准网、跨断层形变测量网复测资料，以及近年来GPS观测分析结果，结合地质构造与地震活动，初步研究和探讨了区域构造形变与强震蕴育的一些特征．结果表明:① 本区现今构造形变时空分布很不均匀:主要边界断裂附近构造形变相对强烈，远离则衰减．垂直差异运动强度和变形状态随时间演变，水平运动与变形呈明显的挤压走滑特征；② 印度板块的北推碰撞引起的青藏块体持续NE 向挤压运动所产生的构造应力场，是本区构造形变与地震蕴育的主控应力．构造形变及地震活动的时空分布演化，与块体活动及区域构造应力场动态演化密切相关；③ 构造块体边界地带出现的垂直形变异常隆起与高梯度形变带，以及显著地断层形变异常，是块体运动受阻、构造应力场强化而蕴育强震的一个标志，往往伴随有６级左右及以上强震活动，但地震并不一定发生在运动幅度最大的部位．断层形变异常呈现趋势积累——加速——转折变化特征的地段及附近，往往是应变能积累、强震蕴育发生的场所． 相似文献
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中国大陆活动地块与强震活动关系 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
研究了中国大陆各Ⅰ级活动地块区强震活动特点, 包括强震活动的总体水平、地震应变能释放速率、震级频度关系、震源破裂特性和地震应力场特征等, 以及由GPS资料给出的各活动地块运动变形特征, 如各地块运动的速度、地块变形的应变速率、最大主压应变方向、地块运动变形中的张、压状态等. 在此基础上, 对中国陆区Ⅰ级活动地块区的强震活动特点和地壳运动变形性状进行对比研究, 给出各活动地块的构造动力环境及其运动变形的性状决定其地震活动的总体状况, 包括: 活动地块现今地壳运动变形的应变速率与地震应变能释放呈线性相关; 由震源机制给出的各活动地块的地震应力场与由GPS观测给出的现今地壳运动应变(应力)场的同一性, 以及震源破裂类型与地壳形变张、压状态的一致性等. 这些结果显示了中国大陆活动地块及其运动性状对强震孕育发生的控制作用. 相似文献
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基于2013年岷县漳县M6.6地震震源区及其邻区1999年以来的GPS观测资料,通过应变率动态特征分析、多期次GPS剖面分析和基线变形速率的分析讨论了地震的震前变形特征.GPS速度场和块体应变率表明,汶川地震的发生导致了柴达木地块运动与变形状态发生明显调整,但由于西秦岭北缘等深大断裂的存在,岷-秦地块对其响应不明显;GPS连续应变率显示,在汶川地震引起的区域地壳变形调整过程中岷县漳县地震震源区附近的应变积累速率有减缓的迹象;GPS剖面显示,平行于岷县漳县主破裂带的运动分量对汶川地震响应显著,汶川震后表现为剪切变形速率的增强,而垂直于主破裂带的运动分量则对汶川地震响应不明显;震中周边GPS基线变形速率表明,基线伸缩变化率总体呈现NW向拉张、NE向压缩状态,且拉张量明显小于压缩量.上述地壳变形动态特征表明西秦岭北缘断裂及其附近地区的应变积累水平和断层闭锁程度可能处于较高水平,在岷县漳县地震前该区表现出局部“硬化”迹象. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与应变场动态特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用中国地壳运动观测网络GPS资料, 通过获取水平相对运动、 水平应变场分布变化等, 研究了汶川8.0级地震前的区域水平运动与应变率场变化, 以及大尺度地壳运动动态特征等。 研究结果表明, 发生汶川8.0级地震的龙门山断裂带, 由于受到其西侧巴颜喀拉地块向东运动的构造动力作用, 处于缓慢的应变积累状态。 在汶川地震前龙门山断裂带相对华南地块的差异运动小于GPS观测误差。 川滇地区应变场图像显示2004-2007年面应变率负值最高区出现在汶川8.0级地震震中区及其附近, 可能反应了局部挤压增强。 GPS基准站资料反映的大尺度北东向地壳缩短的相对运动增强, 也形成了促进龙门山断裂带发生大破裂的区域构造动力增强的背景条件。 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
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Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
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Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献