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海藻胶低聚寡糖是从马尾藻等藻类中提取出来的一种多糖类物质,具有抗氧化及保水等生物活性。本文采用氧化降解技术对海藻胶低聚寡糖的制备工艺进行了研究,通过对氧化过程中氧化剂浓度、反应温度、反应时间等进行研究,结果表明:当氧化剂H2O2添加浓度控制在6%左右,温度控制在60°C,时间控制在8h时,海藻胶降解为低聚寡糖的产率最高,达到60%左右。进一步对海藻胶低聚寡糖进行纯化,结果表明当温度控制在27°C,时间在2h时,分子量为6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚寡糖分离效率最高,达到70%以上,并对6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚寡糖的保水理化性能进行分析,结果表明6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚寡糖具有良好的保水性能。本研究可为开发一种安全、高效、节能、环保,适用于鱿鱼和虾仁等的生物保水剂提供理论基础。 相似文献
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海藻胶低聚寡糖的酶法制备纯化技术及保水理化性质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海藻胶低聚寡糖是从马尾藻等藻类中提取出来的一种多糖类物质,具有良好的保水功能。本文采用酶解技术对海藻胶低聚寡糖的制备纯化工艺进行研究,通过对酶解过程中反应温度、酶解时间、加酶量、底物浓度和pH等进行研究,结果表明:酶解温度50°C、时间4h、加酶量45%、底物浓度0.4%、pH 6.0时,海藻胶降解成低聚寡糖的产率最高,达到75%左右。进一步对海藻胶低聚寡糖进行纯化,结果表明当温度控制在27°C,时间在2h时,分子量为6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚寡糖分离效率最高,达到70%以上,并对6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚糖的保水理化性能进行分析,结果表明6000—8000Da海藻胶低聚寡糖具有良好的保水性能。本研究可为开发一种安全、高效、节能、环保,适用于冷冻鱿鱼和虾仁等的生物保水剂提供理论基础。 相似文献
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多种糖类添加物对秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)肌原纤维蛋白抗冻保水效果及构象变化影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索海藻糖类对于冷冻水产品的抗冻保水效果,以秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)鱼糜为研究对象,以焦磷酸钠保水处理为对照,研究海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖及海藻胶对秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质抗冻保水的作用效果。结果表明,–18°C冻藏6周后,1.0%海藻糖和海藻胶寡糖(500—600Da)处理效果最好,可显著降低冷冻鱿鱼鱼糜解冻汁液流失(5.00%—5.54%),其与焦磷酸钠保水效果无显著性差异(5.02%—5.48%,P0.05)。整个冻藏期内,随着冻藏时间延长,不同处理鱿鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白、Ca2+-ATPase活性及总巯基均呈逐渐下降趋势,其中海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖对鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质特性的保护效果,显著优于蒸馏水、焦磷酸钠处理(P0.05)。本研究可为开发一种安全、高效、节能、环保,适用于冷冻鱿鱼的海藻糖类抗冻保水剂提供参考。 相似文献
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琼胶寡糖聚合度对坛紫菜抗性诱导的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了琼胶寡糖聚合度对坛紫菜抗性诱导的效应。以琼胶3,6和12糖,3种聚合度的琼胶寡糖为材料,处理坛紫菜,通过观察叶片腐烂率比较坛紫菜生长状态;利用透射电镜观察处理后的细胞亚显微结构变化;并检测坛紫菜附生菌的数量变化;以对羟基苯乙酸(POHPAA)化学发光法检测坛紫菜H2O2释放量;利用实时定量PCR检测坛紫菜NADPH氧化酶基因(Phrboh)的差异表达。结果表明,经琼胶3糖和6糖处理,坛紫菜的Phboh表达出现上调,并产生H2O2暴发。经两种琼胶寡糖处理后,坛紫菜的附生菌数量明显减少,其中以琼胶6糖的效果最好,在较长培养时间内,坛紫菜能保护自身细胞亚显微结构的完整性,维持良好的生长状态。而琼胶12糖没发现任何诱导作用。综上所述,聚合度为3和6的琼胶寡糖能诱导坛紫菜的抗性响应,特别是形成单个螺旋结构的琼胶6糖的诱导作用最明显,但聚合度较大的琼胶寡糖则不能。 相似文献
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为提高鱿鱼加工下脚料的利用率,以秘鲁鱿鱼肝脏为研究对象,采用生物酶解技术和凝胶蛋白分离技术等对其进行研究。研究结果表明:鱿鱼肝脏蛋白酶解液经过超滤处理后(分子质量为20k Da),用Sephadex G-100初步分离,得到五个组分,对分离的组分进行研究,结果表明降血压活性能力最强的是组分二,测定其半抑制浓度(IC50)为1.8mg/m L。对组分二进行活性条件分析,结构表明其ACE抑制活性在温度0—100°C、p H 1—12之间基本没有变化。最后用DEAE阴离子交换柱和Sephadex LH-20对组分二继续分离纯化,得到组分六和组分七,测定其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别达到1.52 mg/m L和2.16 mg/m L。本研究可为利用鱿鱼加工下脚料开发降血压活性肽产品提供理论基础。 相似文献
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通过研究不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞的内外抗氧化活性的影响,对琼寡糖聚合度与活性间的关系进行了评价。利用二苯基苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH·)检测方法研究了琼寡糖的细胞外抗氧化活性,结果表明,琼六糖具较高的淬灭自由基活性的能力。采用二氯荧光素检测方法(DCF)细胞内的活性,结果与细胞外的活性结果相吻合,并抑制H2O2所造成的细胞氧化损伤及死亡。通过选用五种聚合度的琼胶寡糖,研究了其抗氧化活性,从细胞内、外两个水平说明琼六糖均有良好的清除自由基活性的能力,进一步证实琼寡糖的抗氧化作用较强。 相似文献
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壳寡糖对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨质量作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨壳寡糖(Chitooligosaccharide COS)对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨质量的影响,研究壳寡糖对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨组织微观结构的保护作用,为壳寡糖在预防和治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的广泛应用提供理论依据。通过切除3月龄雌性大鼠两侧卵巢建立绝经后骨质疏松症动物模型,并灌服不同剂量的壳寡糖。收集骨组织标本,分别进行骨密度、骨矿元素含量、骨组织生物力学、骨组织形态学、骨组织形态计量学的测定。结果显示:中、低剂量壳寡糖能够显著提高股骨干骺的骨密度,增加Ca,Mg元素在股骨、胫骨中的含量,保护胫骨远端的微观结构,提高骨小梁体积百分比和宽度,显著降低骨小梁的分离度以及平均矿化率;中剂量壳寡糖可显著提高股骨最大载荷和最大弯曲力。说明低分子量的壳寡糖能显著改善绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠的高转换状态。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(4)
海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariquete)是一个在滩涂潮间带原生裸地上首先定居的先锋种,是我国特有的盐沼植物。通过分析海三棱藨草种子和球茎的物理特性及室内正交试验研究其萌发的生物学特性,探究不同环境因子(温度、盐度、淹水深度)对该物种种子和球茎萌发的影响,本研究采用3因素5水平的正交试验进行探究,结果表明:海三棱藨草种子和球茎最佳萌发的环境因子组合均为温度为34℃、盐度为4‰、水深为0cm,最佳组合下种子发芽率为(81.82%±1.85%),显著(p0.05)低于球茎的(88.88%±2.31%);海三棱藨草种子萌发对温度有较广的适应性,18—42℃都可以萌发,26—34℃萌发率较高且无显著差异(p0.05);不同盐度下海三棱藨草种子的萌发率有较大的差异,海三棱藨草的种子在盐度为0—4‰的环境下发芽率最高。结论认为,影响海三棱藨草种子萌发的关键因素依次为盐度、温度和水深,影响海三棱藨草球茎的关键因素依次为盐度、水深和温度。海三棱藨草种子比球茎具有更强的耐环境胁迫能力,但是海三棱藨草球茎在最佳条件下比种子具有更高的发芽率。本研究为探究长江口湿地海三棱藨草退化的原因及其保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献