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海洋中尺度涡在本质上是属于满足准地转平衡的大尺度运动,因此理论上,其在短时间内的运动将主要受到准地转平衡关系的约束,而外部强迫场的影响在短期内不会明显改变其运动特征。基于上述思想,我们提出了一种基于四维变分同化初始场的中尺度涡旋预报方案。为了检验该方案的可行性,本文使用区域海洋模式(regional ocean modeling system, ROMS)和其内建的增量强约束四维变分同化(incremental strong constraint four dimensional variational, I4D-Var)模块,建立了一个南海海洋同化模拟系统。首先,通过I4D-Var方法将AVISO卫星高度计资料同化到海洋数值模拟中,获得了理想的中尺度涡同化模拟结果。同化、模式模拟和观测三者的中尺度涡统计结果表明,该同化系统模拟的南海中尺度涡的路径、半径、海表高度异常和振幅等特征信息与AVISO(Archiving ValidationandInterpolationofSatelliteOceanographicData)观测结果高度吻合,同时在深度上的分析表明,涡旋对应的温度、盐度和密度均得到有效的调整。然后,将该同化系统的模拟结果做为初始场,对某一特定时段的南海中尺度涡进行了后报模拟和结果的定量化分析。通过比较后报模拟与观测资料中对应涡旋的海表面高度异常(sea surface height anomalies, SSHA)相关系数、涡心差距和半径绝对误差,证明该方案的中尺度涡后报时效至少可达10 d以上。后报实验结果验证了该中尺度涡预报方案的可行性,从而为中尺度涡的预报提供一定的理论基础和可行性方案。 相似文献
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将最优插值法与赤潮数值模型相结合,针对时空分辨率不统一的卫星遥感数据及海洋常规调查数据,进行了东海赤潮高发区海表温度场及海表营养盐浓度场的数据同化研究,并在此基础上进行了该海区春季赤潮过程的数值模拟研究。数据同化结果显示,最优插值数据同化方法不仅在一定程度上修正了海表温度场模拟结果的误差,尤其体现在对赤潮藻的生长影响较大的温度区段18—20℃等值线的南移,而且较为明显地优化了研究海域海表营养盐浓度场,使模拟结果更加接近观测值。对比赤潮过程数值模拟结果发现,在未加同化情况下,海区赤潮藻并未形成大规模赤潮,并且消散较快;而在加入同化后,研究海域交替出现了硅藻及甲藻的大范围赤潮,赤潮生消过程与现场调查数据分析结果较为一致。耦合了最优插值数据同化方法的赤潮数值模型,由于具有改进海洋环境背景场的优势,因此可以在赤潮预报预警工作中得到较好应用。 相似文献
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中国近海环流数值模拟研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按照研究时间由早期到现代,研究方法由简单到复杂的顺序,综述了近几十年来海洋数值模拟工作在中国近海所取得的研究成果.目前,通过数值模式已经能够基本合理地模拟中国近海的海洋环流,黑潮、台湾暖流、黄海暖流等的路径、流量,对马暖流源区等问题的特征在数值模拟结果中也逐渐清晰.通过分析已有的工作,认为还存在多项关键技术问题,并受对中国近海环流认知程度的限制,中国近海环流的数值模拟研究还需要进一步的发展和完善.在未来的数值模拟研究中,通过变网格或多重网格嵌套技术,实现中国近海高分辨率的数值模式;应用更加符合实际情况的海洋参数化方案,发展风-浪-流-潮耦合模式;结合资料同化技术,发展预报模式等都应是中国近海环流数值模拟研究的重点发展方向. 相似文献
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Langmuir环流影响着海洋上层的能量输入,对海洋上混合层的形成和加深起着重要作用,对于海洋上混合层具有重要意义。近年来许多学者采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对Langmuir环流进行机制研究,并通过在雷诺平均模型中参数化Langmuir环流效应,将Langmuir环流过程引入到三维海洋环流或海洋耦合模式中,提出了一系列混合参数化方案。本文回顾了Langmuir环流在雷诺平均模式参数化中的研究进展,主要可分为以下几种方案:一种方法是用Langmuir数在KPP垂直混合参数化方案中引入湍流特征速度增强因子,并不断发展Langmuir数的定义;一种是在Mellor-Yamada2.5湍流闭合模型中增加斯托克斯漂流剪切效应项,此外还有通过修改模式中混合长方程来加入Langmuir效应等。通过在雷诺平均模式中应用的结果来看,现有的参数化方案在一定程度上改善了混合层深度和SST的模拟,肯定了Langmuir环流在加深混合等方面的作用,但仍存在一些问题需要在今后的研究中进一步改进。 相似文献
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笔者曾利用FSU区域数值模式控制高层冷涡位置和不同的水平、垂直结构分布,模拟了冷涡对台风运动的影响,证实了高层冷涡是通过改变台风中心周围的环流结构来影响台风运动的。这种影响可从总涡度倾向的分布来决定,并发现涡度水平平流和散度项对总涡度倾向有重要贡献。 相似文献
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斜压海洋动力学的一种三维数值模式──Ⅱ.温度、盐度和垂直涡动粘性系数的计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据海水温度和盐度平流扩散方程给出一种数值计算方案并采用混合长度理论给出垂直涡动粘性系数的计算方法。对于温度和盐度方程,其平流过程采用了Lax－Wendroff格式,水平扩散采用显格式,垂直扩散采用隐格式。时间步长主要受平流过程的Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy条件限制。垂直涡动粘性系数计算依据Prandtl混合长度理论,并考虑了海水层化的抑制作用,因而其数值与流场及密度场结构有关。温度、盐度及垂直涡动粘性系数的计算与动力方程中内模态的计算同步进行。应用本模式模拟渤、黄、东海由潮流、密度流和风海流迭加而成的综合海流,得出了良好的结果。 相似文献
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陆架和浅海环流的一个三维正压模式及其在渤、黄、东海的应用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文发展了一种σ坐标下海洋环流的三维正压数值模式,模式中垂直涡动粘性系数由混合长度理论确定,因而可随流场的瞬时垂直结构而变化。计算采用了全部交错的网格结构,对计算稳定性有重要影响的垂直涡动粘性项采用了隐式差分格式。文章应用该模式模拟了渤、黄、东海冬、夏季风生环流,解释了黄海暖流的可能成因,数值计算结果表明,台湾暖流对对马暖流有重要贡献,在东中国东都海域存在南高北低的水位分布,以及地势效应对台湾-对马暖流系统有重要影响。 相似文献
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热带太平洋平均环流数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
用中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的高分辨率自由表面热带太平洋环流模式(区域为南北纬30°,经纬圈方向水平分辨率分别为1°和2°,垂直方向分为不等距14层),在观测到的海表面风应力和热量及淡水通量驱动下,对热带太平洋平均环流进行了数值模拟.结果表明,模式成功地模拟了海面起伏中赤道槽、赤道脊、北赤道逆流槽及中小尺度涡旋(如棉兰老涡)系统等分布;与这些槽脊分布相对应的北赤道流,南赤道流和北赤道逆流等热带流系;对气候有重大影响的海表温度分布;次表层温跃层结构和赤道潜流等.文中特别讨论了海面起伏与模式其他变量场间的关系及其应用. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional structure of tidal current in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
A three-dimensional tidal current model is developed and applied to the East China Sea (ECS), the Yellow Sea and the Bohai
Sea. The model well reproduces the major four tides, namely M2, S2, K1 and O1 tides, and their currents. The horizontal distributions of the major four tidal currents are the same as those calculated
by the horizontal two-dimensional models. With its high resolutions in the horizontal (12.5 km) and the vertical (20 layers),
the model is used to investigate the vertical distributions of tidal current. Four vertical eddy viscosity models are used
in the numerical experiments. As the tidal current becomes strong, its vertical shear becomes large and its vertical profile
becomes sensitive to the vertical eddy viscosity. As a conclusion, the HU (a) model (Davieset al., 1997), which relates the vertical eddy viscosity to the water depth and depth mean velocity, gives the closest results to
the observed data. The reproduction of the amphidromic point of M2 tide in Liaodong Bay is discussed and it is concluded that it depends on the bottom friction stress. The model reproduces
a unique vertical profile of tidal current in the Yellow Sea, which is also found in the observed data. The reason for the
reproduction of such a unique profile in the model is investigated. 相似文献
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Estimation of eddy viscosity on the South China Sea shelf with adjoint assimilation method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The eddy viscosity of the ocean is an important parameter indicating the small-scale mixing process in the oceanic interior water column.Ekman wind-driven current model and adjoint assimilation technique are used to calculate the vertical profiles of eddy viscosity by fitting model results to the observation data.The data used in the paper include observed wind data and ADCP data obtained at Wenchang Oil Rig on the SCS (the South China Sea) shelf in August 2002.Different simulations under different wind conditions are analyzed to explore how the eddy viscosity develops with varying wind field.The results show that the eddy viscosity endured gradual variations in the range of 10-3-10-2 m2/s during the periods of wind changes.The mean eddy viscosity undergoing strong wind could rise by about 25% as compared to the value under weak wind. 相似文献
13.
Mesoscale eddies play an important role in modulating the ocean circulation. Many previous studies on the threedimensional structure of mesoscale eddies were mainly based on composite analysis, and there are few targeted observations for individual eddies. A cyclonic eddy surveyed during an oceanographic cruise in the Northwest Pacific Ocean is investigated in this study. The three-dimensional structure of this cyclonic eddy is revealed by observations and simulated by the four-dimensional variational data assimilation(4 DVAR) system combined with the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The observation and assimilation results together present the characteristics of the cyclonic eddy. The cold eddy has an obvious dual-core structure of temperature anomaly.One core is at 50–150 m and another is at 300–550 m, which both have the average temperature anomaly of approximately-3.5°C. The salinity anomaly core is between 250 m and 500 m, which is approximately-0.3. The horizontal velocity structure is axis-asymmetric and it is enhanced on the eastern side of the cold eddy. In the assimilation experiment, sea level anomaly, sea surface temperature, and in situ measurements are assimilated into the system, and the results of assimilation are close to the observations. Based on the high-resolution assimilation output results, the study also diagnoses the vertical velocity in the mesoscale eddy, which reaches the maximum of approximately 10 m/d. The larger vertical velocity is found to be distributed in the range of 0.5 to 1 time of the normalized radius of the eddy. The validation of the simulation result shows that the 4 DVAR method is effective to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddy and the research is an application to study the mesoscale eddy in the Northwest Pacific by combining observation and assimilation methods. 相似文献
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基于ROMS和4DVAR的沿轨与网格化SSH数据同化效果评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Remote sensing products are significant in the data assimilation of an ocean model. Considering the resolution and space coverage of different remote sensing data, two types of sea surface height(SSH) product are employed in the assimilation, including the gridded products from AVISO and the original along-track observations used in the generation. To explore their impact on the assimilation results, an experiment focus on the South China Sea(SCS) is conducted based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS) and the four-dimensional variational data assimilation(4 DVAR) technology. The comparison with EN4 data set and Argo profile indicates that, the along-track SSH assimilation result presents to be more accurate than the gridded SSH assimilation, because some noises may have been introduced in the merging process. Moreover, the mesoscale eddy detection capability of the assimilation results is analyzed by a vector geometry–based algorithm. It is verified that, the assimilation of the gridded SSH shows superiority in describing the eddy's characteristics, since the complete structure of the ocean surface has been reconstructed by the original data merging. 相似文献
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超浅海风暴潮模型提出后[2],对渤海风潮,作为超浅海问题,进行了数值研究[1]。其结果的分析和观测资料的比较都表明了该模型有一定的应用价值;故,对超浅海风暴潮模型作进一步的探讨是有一定意义的。尤其因为我国是一个多浅水域和多风暴潮的国家,这种研究就具有更重要的意义。 相似文献
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基于ROMS模式的南海SST与SSH四维变分同化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星遥感观测获得了大量高分辨率的海面实时信息，包括海面温度（SST）和海面高度（SSH）等，同化进入数值模式可有效提升模拟精度。本文基于ROMS模式与四维变分同化方法（4DVAR），使用AVHRR SST和AVISO SSH数据，开展了南海区域同化实验。为检验同化的效果，分别利用HYCOM再分析资料和Argo温盐实测数据分析了同化结果的海面高度、流场及温盐剖面的精度。对比结果表明，SST和SSH的同化能够改善ROMS的模拟结果:同化后海面高度场能够更为准确地捕捉海洋的中尺度特征，与HYCOM海面高度再分析资料相比，平均绝对偏差和均方根误差分别为0.054 m和0.066 m；与HYCOM 10 m层流场相比，东向与北向流速平均绝对偏差分别为0.12 m/s和0.11 m/s，相比未同化均提升约0.01 m/s；温盐同化结果与Argo温盐实测具有较高的一致性，温度和盐度平均绝对偏差为0.45℃、0.077，均方根误差为0.91℃、0.11，单个的温盐廓线对比说明，同化结果与HYCOM再分析资料精度相当。 相似文献
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Large eddy simulation of turbulence in ocean surface boundary layer at Zhangzi Island offshore 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study uses a large eddy simulation （LES） model to investigate the turbulence processes in the ocean surface boundary layer at Zhangzi Island offshore. Field measurements at Zhangzi Island （39°N, 122°E） during July 2009 are used to drive the LES model. The LES results capture a clear diurnal cycle in the oceanic turbulence boundary layer. The process of the heat penetration and heat distribution characteristics are analyzed through the heat flux results from the LES and their differences between two diurnal cycles are discussed as well. Energy balance and other dynamics are investigated which show that the tide-induced shear production is the main source of the turbulence energy that balanced dissipation. Momentum flux near the surface shows better agreement with atmospheric data computed by the eddy correlation method than those computed by bulk formula. 相似文献
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《Coastal Engineering》2001,42(1):53-86
A numerical model is used to simulate wave breaking, the large scale water motions and turbulence induced by the breaking process. The model consists of a free surface model using the surface markers method combined with a three-dimensional model that solves the flow equations. The turbulence is described by large eddy simulation where the larger turbulent features are simulated by solving the flow equations, and the small scale turbulence that is not resolved by the flow model is represented by a sub-grid model. A simple Smagorinsky sub-grid model has been used for the present simulations. The incoming waves are specified by a flux boundary condition. The waves are approaching in the shore-normal direction and are breaking on a plane, constant slope beach. The first few wave periods are simulated by a two-dimensional model in the vertical plane normal to the beach line. The model describes the steepening and the overturning of the wave. At a given instant, the model domain is extended to three dimensions, and the two-dimensional flow field develops spontaneously three-dimensional flow features with turbulent eddies. After a few wave periods, stationary (periodic) conditions are achieved. The surface is still specified to be uniform in the transverse (alongshore) direction, and it is only the flow field that is three-dimensional.The turbulent structures are investigated under different breaker types, spilling, weak plungers and strong plungers. The model is able to reproduce complicated flow phenomena such as obliquely descending eddies. The turbulent kinetic energy is found by averaging over the transverse direction. In spilling breakers, the turbulence is generated in a series of eddies in the shear layer under the surface roller. After the passage of the roller the turbulence spreads downwards. In the strong plunging breaker, the turbulence originates to a large degree from the topologically generated vorticity. The turbulence generated at the plunge point is almost immediately distributed over the entire water depth by large organised vortices. Away from the bed, the length scale of the turbulence (the characteristic size of the eddies resolved by the model) is similar in the horizontal and the vertical direction. It is found to be of the order one half of the water depth. 相似文献