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1.
An algorithm has been developed for retrieving sea surface temperature (SST) from hourly data transmitted from the Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager (JAMI) aboard a Japanese geostationary satellite, Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R. Threshold tests screening cloudy pixels are empirically adjusted to cases of daytime with/without sun glitter, and nighttime. The Non-Linear SST (NLSST) equation, including several new additional terms, is used to calculate MTSAT SST. The estimated SST is compared with drifting and moored buoy measurements, with the result that the bias of the MTSAT SST is nearly 0.0°K. The root mean square (rms) error is about 0.8°K, and it is 0.7°K under the condition that the satellite zenith angle is less than 50°. It is demonstrated that the hourly MTSAT SST produced by the algorithm developed here captures diurnal SST variations in the equatorial sea in mid-November 2006.  相似文献   

2.
大太阳天顶角下水色卫星叶绿素遥感探测能力研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
李豪  何贤强  陶邦一  王迪峰 《海洋学报》2018,40(11):128-140
本文利用考虑地球曲率的矢量辐射传输模型PCOART-SA,对大太阳天顶角下叶绿素浓度的卫星遥感探测极限能力进行了模拟研究。结果表明:太阳-传感器几何参数,尤其是太阳天顶角对叶绿素浓度变化的探测极限能力影响较大;大太阳天顶角下,卫星对叶绿素浓度变化的探测能力下降十几倍。在典型陆架水体（叶绿素浓度为1 μg/L）,低太阳天顶角（30°）时,叶绿素浓度变化探测极限为0.012 8 μg/L（约为原浓度的1.2%）,而大太阳天顶角（80°）时,探测极限为0.136 μg/L（约为原浓度的13.6%）。相比于太阳天顶角,观测天顶角增大造成的叶绿素浓度探测能力衰减较小。叶绿素浓度越高,吸收作用越强,对卫星遥感器的辐射探测灵敏度、定标及大气校正精度的要求越高。  相似文献   

3.
A regional algorithm to estimate SST fields in the western North Pacific, where small oceanographic disturbance are often found, has been developed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) aboard Terra and Aqua. Its associated algorithm, which includes cloud screening and SST estimation, is based on an algorithm for the Global Imager (GLI) aboard Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) and is tuned for MODIS sensors. For atmospheric correction, we compare Multi-Channel SST (MCSST), Nonlinear SST (NLSST), Water Vapor SST (WVSST) and Quadratic SST (QDSST) techniques. For NLSST, four first-guess SSTs are investigated, including the values for MCSST, climatology with two different spatial resolutions, and near-real-time objective analysis. The results show that the NLSST method using high-resolution climatological SST as a first-guess has both good quality and high efficiency. The differences of root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the NLSST models using low-resolution climatology and those using high-resolution climatology are up to 0.25 K. RMSEs of the new algorithm are 0.70 K/0.65 K for daytime (Aqua/Terra) and 0.65 K/0.66 K for nighttime, respectively. Diurnal warming and the stratification of the ocean surface layer under low wind are discussed.  相似文献   

4.
A sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval algorithm for Global Imager (GLI) aboard the ADEOS-II satellite has been developed. The algorithm is used to produce the standard SST product in the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The algorithm for cloud screening is formed by combinations of various types of tests to detect cloud-contaminated pixels. The combination is changed according to the solar zenith angle, which enables us to detect clouds even in the sun glitter region in daytime. The parameters in the cloud-detection tests have been tuned using the GLI global observations. SST is calculated by the Multi-Channel SST (MCSST) technique from the detected clear pixels. Using drifting buoy measurements, match-up data are produced to derive the coefficients of the MCSST equations and to examine their performance. The bias and RMSE of the GLI SST are 0.03 K and 0.66 K for daytime and, −0.01 K and 0.70 K for nighttime, respectively.  相似文献   

5.
An algorithm for estimating global sea surface temperatures (SST) from data obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Aqua satellite has been developed empirically. Four atmospheric correction models for MODIS observations are examined, and the effects of ancillary data for corrections are discussed. A nonlinear (NLSST) model using high-temporal-resolution climatological SSTs as the first guess shows high accuracy and availability. The addition of a temperature-proportional term to the NLSST model effectively improves the estimate.  相似文献   

6.
Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending.  相似文献   

7.
We have developed an algorithm to estimate the wide-ranging Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the GMS-5 (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) S-VISSR (Stretched-Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer). Better SST estimates are realized by averaging the temporal variation of the VISSR calibration table and decreasing noise of the split-window terms using a spatial filter. The effects of the satellite zenith angle were examined in detail for better estimates, and VISSR-derived SSTs with root-mean-square (rms) error of 0.8 K were achieved using a new algorithm. The accuracy of SST estimates has been improved by using the temporal-spatial average of the split-window terms. Using the new techniques, we demonstrate that the hourly wide-ranging SST image data can be used to study the daily variations of SSTs in the Northern and Southern Pacific Oceans.  相似文献   

8.
汪金涛  陈新军  高峰  雷林 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1185-1191
东南太平洋茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是短生命周期种类,其资源量极易受到海洋环境变化的影响。根据2003—2012年我国鱿钓船在东南太平洋的生产统计数据,以及茎柔鱼栖息地的海表温度(SST)、海面高度(SSH)、叶绿素a浓度(chl a)数据,利用相关性分析法分析茎柔鱼资源丰度和补充量(以单位捕捞努力量渔获量为指标,t/d)与栖息海域20°S—20°N、110°W—70°W的SST、SSH、chl a浓度的相关性,获取相关系数大的关键海区位置,同时加入茎柔鱼产卵场、索饵场最适表层水温范围占总面积的比例(分别用PS、PF表示)两个参数,建立三种基于主要环境因子的误差反向传播(EBP)神经网络资源补充量预报模型,进行了比较。结果表明:茎柔鱼资源丰度与SST、SSH、chl a浓度的相关系数最大值海域为7月份的Point1(13°N,102°W)海区、9月份的Point3(11°N,102°W)海区和3月份的Point5(8°S,107°W)海区;资源补充量与SST、SSH、chl a浓度的相关系数最大值海域为6月份的Point2(8°N,103.5°W)海区、2月份的Point4(12°N,97.5°W)海区和10月份的Point6(10°S,93.5°W)海区。EBP神经网络预报模型结果认为:基于产卵环境关键影响因子的方案2(以Point2的SST、Point4的SSH、Point6的chl a浓度、PS作为模型输入因子)和基于全部环境关键影响因子的方案3(以Point1与Point2的SST、Point3与Point4的SSH、Point5与Point6的chl a浓度、PS、PF作为模型输入因子)的两种神经网络预报模型均方误差较小,其准确率可达90%左右。  相似文献   

9.
The Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) can observe ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) simultaneously. This paper explains the algorithm for the OCTS SST product in the NASDA OCTS mission. In the development of the latest, third version (V3) algorithm, the OCTS match-up dataset plays an important role, especially when the coefficients required in the MCSST equation are derived and the equation form is adjusted. As a result of the validation using the OCTS match-up dataset, the algorithm has improved the root mean square (rms) error of the OCTS SST up to 0.698°C although some problems remain in the match-up dataset used in the present study.  相似文献   

10.
The Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a five-channel radiometer with wavelength from 0.6 to 12 μm. Daily 0.125° sea surface temperature (SST) data from VIRS were first produced at the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) for comparison with SST from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). In order to obtain accurate high spatial resolution SST for the merging of SST from infrared and microwave measurements, new SST retrieval coefficients of the Multichannel SST (MCSST) algorithm were generated using the global matchups from VIRS brightness temperature (BT) and Global Telecommunications System (GTS) SST. Cloud detection was improved and striping noise was eliminated. One-year global VIRS level-1B data were reprocessed using the MCSST algorithm and the advanced cloud/noise treatments. The bias and standard deviation between VIRS split-window SST and in situ SST are 0.10°C and 0.63°C, and for triple-window SST, are 0.06°C and 0.48°C. The results indicate that the reprocessing algorithm is capable of retrieving high quality SST from VIRS data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

11.
Sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from satellite and in situ measurements are used to study the thermal variability in the South China Sea (SCS). Time–frequency–energy distributions, periods of variability, and trends are computed by the Hilbert–Huang transform method. The SST trend from 1982 to 2005 is 0.276°C per decade in the SCS which is higher than 0.144°C per decade in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP). The warm pool (SST ≥ 28°C) area in the SCS has increased by 0.20 × 106 km2 per decade. The SST and area of the warm pool in the SCS are strongly correlated, respectively, with the SST and area of the WPWP with a time lag of 1 month, suggestive of a strong connection between these two warm pools. Once the annual cycle is eliminated, decadal oscillations dominate the variability of SST and warm pool area in the SCS.  相似文献   

12.
Sea surface temperature (SST) isoline charts that were manually mapped using in situ SST data and satellite-derived SST data are valuable because they incorporate oceanographers’ knowledge and experience. This type of SST data is useful for studying sea conditions of an area, for analyzing environmental factors that could affect fishing grounds, as a parameter for atmospheric or oceanic models, or as a diagnostic tool for comparison with the SSTs produced by ocean models. However, isoline maps must be digitized and interpolated into grid data in order to be used in these applications. Herein, we propose a coupled interpolation (CI), which couples improved multi-section interpolation and single-point change surface interpolation containing orientation, for generating grid data from SST isolines. We interpolated 1049 SST isoline maps (temperature interval 1°), which cover an area of the northwestern Pacific Ocean (125°E–180°E, 26°N–50°N) and were published by the Japan Fisheries Information Service Center (JAFIC) during 1990–2000, to grid datasets with 15′ grid resolution. We assessed the quality of grid datasets by checking noise points, RMSE analysis, checking offset errors, retrieving percentage of Kuroshio axes and visually comparing inverse isotherms with original isotherms. The quality analysis and comparison with four other interpolators showed the CI interpolator to be a good technique for generating SST grid data from isotherms. We also computed the SST anomaly (SSTA) using the SST grid datasets. The amplitude values of integral SSTA in the area of 31–46°N, 170–180°E were low, whereas they were high in the SW–NE rectangular area of 35–46°N, 142–160°E.  相似文献   

13.
为了解自末次间冰期以来这一地区的古海水表层温度变化,应用气相色谱技术对取自冲绳海槽东侧的Z14?6孔的长链(C37)不饱和烯酮进行了分析。结果发现,该孔Uk37在0.83—0.95之间,其变化趋势与两种浮游有孔虫N.dutertrei和G.sacculifer的氧同位素组成一致。根据Uk37重建的SST在24.0—27.5℃之间变化,最高值27.5℃出现在MIS-5,最低值24℃出现在MIS-2(LGM)。从LGM到全新世SST增加约2℃。这与早期在附近地区根据Uk37重建的SST变化趋势一致。根据重建的SST自LGM以来的变化,作者认为现代黑潮洋流系统最晚在约10kaB.P.后已在冲绳海槽重新建立。许多早期研究揭示的黑潮在7.5—7kaB.P.的加强可能与全新世大暖期有关。  相似文献   

14.
东南太平洋茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是短生命周期大洋性经济鱼类,其资源量受环境因素变化的影响较大。根据我国鱿钓船队2013~2017年在东南太平洋的生产统计数据,结合海洋环境数据包括海表面温度(SST)、海表面盐度(SSS)、叶绿素a浓度(chl a),运用BP神经网络(back propagation network)模型来标准化单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE,也称名义CPUE)。以均方误差(mean square errors, MSE)和平均相对变动值(average relative variances, ARV)为最优模型判断依据,比较隐含层节点3-10的神经网络模型,发现6-9-1结构为最优模型。用Garson算法解释模型结果,发现各输入层因子对东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源丰度影响重要度排序为chl a、SST、经度(Lon)、SSS、纬度(Lat)、月份(Month)。并作名义CPUE和标准化CPUE资源丰度对比分布图,结果显示CPUE与标准化CPUE总体分布状况基本一致,但局部区域存在明显差异, 80°~85°W及10°~20°S海域适宜鱿钓生产,表明BP神经网络模型可以适用于东南太平洋茎柔鱼的CPUE标准化,从而为鱿钓渔业生产提供一定参考依据。  相似文献   

15.
Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) is validated based on in-situ data from the East China Sea (ECS) and western North Pacific where most typhoons, which make landfall on the Korean peninsula, are formed and pass. While forecasting typhoons in terms of intensity and track, coupled ocean-typhoon models are significantly influenced by initial ocean condition. Potentially, satellite-derived SST is a very useful dataset to obtain initial ocean field because of its wide spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. In this study, satellite-derived SST from various sources such as Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and New Generation Sea Surface Temperature for Open Ocean (NGSST-O) datasets from merged SSTs were compared with in-situ observation data using an indirect method which is using near surface temperature for validation of satellite derived SST. In-situ observation data included shipboard measurements such as Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT), and Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD), and Argo buoy data. This study shows that in-situ data can be used for microwave derived SST validation because homogeneous features of seawater prevail at water depths of 2 m to 10 m under favorable wind conditions during the summer season in the East China Sea. As a result of validation, root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) are shown to be 0.55 °C between microwave SST and XBT/CTD data mostly under weak wind conditions, and 0.7 °C between XBT/CTD measurement and NGSST-O data. Microwave SST RMSE of 0.55 °C is a potentially valuable data source for general application. Change of SST before and after typhoon passing may imply strength of ocean mixing due to upwelling and turbulent mixing driven by the typhoon. Based on SST change, ocean mixing, driven by Typhoon Nari, was examined. Satellite-derived SST reveals a significant SST drop around the track immediately following the passing of Typhoon Nari in October, 2007.  相似文献   

16.
Sea surface temperature (SST) variation around the Nansei Shoto (Okinawa Islands), Japan from March 1998 to February 1999 is investigated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) images. Root mean squared (RMS) error of SST by TMI from the in situ observed SST is 0.9°C. The results of statistical analysis of SST by TMI show that a 14–16 days period variation dominates around the main Okinawa Island, while a 9–11 days period variation dominates along the shelf edge of the East China Sea. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
中西太平洋是全球主要的鲣鱼（Katsuwonus pelamis）围网作业渔场,渔场极易受到海洋环境的影响,但渔场分布在众多岛国的管辖海域,如何科学指导企业准确入渔是重要的研究课题。本文根据1995-2012年中西太平洋鲣鱼围网捕捞生产统计数据,选取产量最高的22个海区（5°×5°）,结合Niño3.4区海表温度距平值（SSTA）和作业海域表温（SST）,研究中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔场的空间分布规律,同时,以各海区捕捞努力量（作业次数）所占的百分比为入渔指标,建立基于环境因子的入渔决策模型。研究认为,中西太平洋鲣鱼捕捞努力量在纬度方向上主要分布于5°S~5°N,其累计捕捞努力量占所有作业海区的87.4%,其中以130°~140°E经度范围为最高,其捕捞努力量占22个海区的45.08%。入渔指标与Niño3.4区的SSTA、作业海域SST均符合正态模型（P<0.01）,Niño3.4区的SSTA最适值为0.25℃,作业海域SST最适值在29.5℃左右。对预测和实际排名前十的海域进行统计发现,预测值与实际值基本一致。研究认为,所建立的入渔预测模型可有效指导企业的渔业生产,为提高企业生产效率提供支撑。  相似文献   

18.
汪金涛  高峰  雷林  官文江  陈新军 《海洋学报》2014,36(12):119-124
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼Illex argentinus是短生命周期种类,其资源量极易受到海洋环境变化的影响。根据2003—2011年我国鱿钓船队在西南大西洋的生产统计数据,以及产卵场海洋表面温度(SST)、海表温度距平值(SSTA),计算分析了阿根廷滑柔鱼在产卵期产卵场各月最适表层水温范围占总面积的比例(用PS表示)以及表征海流强度的SST、SSTA等多种环境变量因子与单位捕捞量渔获量(CPUE)的相关性,建立多种基于主要环境因子的资源补充量预报模型,同时分析比较预报模型的优劣。相关性分析表明:6月份有3片连续区域的SST与CPUE之间存在强相关性,分别为38°~39°S、54°~55°W,40.5°~41.5°S、51°~52°W,39.9°~40.4°S、42.6°~43.1°W。利用6月份此3片连续区域SST与次年CPUE建立的三元线性模型,模型符合统计检验,偏差解释率为82.4%。在此基础上加入7月份PS影响因子建立3种方案下的误差反向传播(EBP)神经网络模型。结果认为,包含了福克兰寒流与巴西暖流表温信息的方案3模型优于其他两种模型,其准确率可以达到90%以上。  相似文献   

19.
HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water detection.In this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of National Data of Buoy Center（NDBC） mooring and Argo buoy.The validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 C.The comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind speed.Then,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring measurements.Based on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement.  相似文献   

20.
Seasonal evolution of surface mixed layer in the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) between 17° N–20.5° N and 59° E-69° E was observed by using Argo float daily data for about 9 months, from April 2002 through December 2002. Results showed that during April - May mixed layer shoaled due to light winds, clear sky and intense solar insolation. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 2.3 °C and ocean gained an average of 99.8 Wm−2. Mixed layer reached maximum depth of about 71 m during June - September owing to strong winds and cloudy skies. Ocean gained abnormally low ∼18 Wm−2 and SST dropped by 3.4 °C. During the inter monsoon period, October, mixed layer shoaled and maintained a depth of 20 to 30 m. November - December was accompanied by moderate winds, dropping of SST by 1.5 °C and ocean lost an average of 52.5 Wm−2. Mixed layer deepened gradually reaching a maximum of 62 m in December. Analysis of surface fluxes and winds suggested that winds and fluxes are the dominating factors causing deepening of mixed layer during summer and winter monsoon periods respectively. Relatively high correlation between MLD, net heat flux and wind speed revealed that short term variability of MLD coincided well with short term variability of surface forcing.  相似文献   

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