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1.
Sea surface temperature(SST) measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of China during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this study. The homogenous surface air temperature(SAT) series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference series.Monthly mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test, called penalized maximal t test. Homogenized monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata information. Results show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation, which accounts for about 61.3% and 24.2% of the total break points,respectively. The regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19°C per decade). This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22°C per decade), while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09°C per decade for 1960–2015. This finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable, and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be underestimated. Thus a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate change. Furthermore, the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also analyzed. This work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades, with the largest warming rate occurring in winter. At last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated.  相似文献   

2.
234Th is widely used to quantify the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon(POC)export in oceans.In the present work,the rates of particulate organic carbon export were measured based on the distribution patterns of234Th/238U disequilibrium in the water column within the continental slope of the East China Sea(ECS)during May 2011.The profiles of particulate and dissolved234Th activities at all three stations showed a relative deficit with respect to238U in the upper 100 m of the water column.The dissolved234Th scavenging rates and the particulate234Th removal rates and their residence times were calculated by a one-dimensional steady state model.The results showed that the dissolved234Th scavenging rates and the particulate234Th removal rates ranged from 12.4–61.4 dpm/(m3·d)andfrom3.8–21.8 dpm/(m3·d),respectively.The residence times of dissolved and particulate234Th were in the range of 3.4–158 d and 63.7–96.5 d,respectively.Combined with the measurement of POC/234Th ratios of suspended particles,POC export flux(calculated by carbon)from the euphotic zone was estimated in the study region,which ranged from 4.14–14.7 mmol/(m2·d),withanaverageof8.21mmol/(m2·d),occupying35%oftheprimeproductivity in the study area.The results of this study can provide new information for better understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle within the continental slope of the ECS.  相似文献   

3.
Study about water characteristics(temperature and salinity) from the World Ocean Database(WOD) was conducted in the area of southern South China Sea(SSCS), covering the area of 0°–10°N, 100°–117°E. From interannual analysis, upper layer(10 m) and deep water temperature(50 m) increased from 1951 until 2014. Monthly averaged show that May recorded the highest upper layer temperature while January recorded the lowest. It was different for the deep water which recorded the highest value in September and lowest in February. Contour plot for upper layer temperature in the study area shows presence of thermal front of cold water at southern part of Vietnam tip especially during peak northeast season(December–January). The appearances of warm water were obviously seen during generating southwest monsoon(May–June). Thermocline study revealed the deepest isothermal layer depth(ILD) during peak northeast and southwest monsoon. Temperature threshold at shallow area reach more than 0.8°C during the transitional period. Water mass study described T-S profile based on particular region. Water mass during the southwest monsoon is typically well mixed compared to other seasons while strong separation according to location is very clear. During transitional period between northeast monsoon to southwest monsoon, the increasing of water temperature can be seen at Continental Shelf Water(CSW) which tend to be higher than 29°C and vice versa condition during transitional period between southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon. Dispersion of T-S profile can be seen during southwest monsoon inside Tropical Surface Water(TSW) where the salinity and temperature become higher than during northeast monsoon.  相似文献   

4.
基于探空数据的南海表面波导统计特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Based on the global position system(GPS) radiosonde data near the sea surface, the surface duct characteristics over the South China Sea(SCS) were statistically analyzed. The annual surface duct occurrence over the SCS was about 64%. Of the observed surface ducts, duct heights mainly distributed between 18 and 42 m, with M slopes in the range of –0.3 to –0.2 M units/m. Those ducts accounted for about 80% of the ducting cases. For the total profiles, the duct occurrences in a day changed slowly and were more than 60% in all times. The surface ducts formed more easily in the daytime than in the nighttime and most of the duct height were at bellow about 32 m.Additionally, The seasonal variation of the SCS ducts appeared to be evident, except that the mean duct thickness was almost constant, about 33 m for all seasons. The highest occurrence was about 71% in the autumn, followed by in the summer, spring and winter. In spring, their top-height existed more often at a height of more than 48 m.Their mean duct strength became stronger trend from spring to winter, with the M-slope in the range between–0.26 and –0.18 M units/m. Those results agreed well with other studies, provided considering the data resolution.The statistical analysis was reliable and gave the duct estimation for the SCS. Such duct climatology not only has important implications for communication systems and the reliability of the radar observation, but also can provide useful information to improve the accuracy of the meteorological radar measurements.  相似文献   

5.
Knowledge of sea surface temperature(SST) behaviour is vital for long-term climate scenarios. This study highlights essential outcomes about the distinguishable and unsurprising warming of the SST along the southern border of the Levantine Basin. The analysis is based on monthly SST data for the period 1948–2018. The southern Levantine Basin has undergone SST increase, during the last 71 years. In this study, a consistent warming trend has been found for the analysed SST data series, with a rate of 0.04°C/a, i.e., 0.4°C/(10 a). From 1975 to 1991 the mean annual SST was 17.1°C, and this increased to be 19.2°C, over the period 2002–2018. Results revealed two opposite trends of variability: a decreasing trend(–0.06°C/a) over the period 1975–1991, and an increasing trend(0.2°C/a) from 2002 to 2018. Over the period 1948–2018, positive mean annual SST anomalies had an average of1.8°C, and negative anomalies had an average of –1.1°C. The lowest SST total increase was found from January to April, with values about 0.03°C, while the highest warming appeared from June to September. The driving mechanisms behind the SST changes need to be more investigated, to understand the future trends and impacts of climate change in the Levantine Basin.  相似文献   

6.
The southern Patagonian stock(SPS) of Argentinian shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, is an economically important squid fishery in the Southwest Atlantic. Environmental conditions in the region play an important role in regulating the population dynamics of the I. argentinus population. This study develops an environmentally dependent surplus production(EDSP) model to evaluate the stock abundance of I. argentines during the period of 2000 to 2010. The environmental factors(favorable spawning habitat areas with sea surface temperature of 16–18°C) were assumed to be closely associated with carrying capacity(K) in the EDSP model. Deviance Information Criterion(DIC) values suggest that the estimated EDSP model with environmental factors fits the data better than a Schaefer surplus model without environmental factors under uniform and normal scenarios.The EDSP model estimated a maximum sustainable yield(MSY) from 351 600 t to 685 100 t and a biomass from 1 322 400 t to1 803 000 t. The fishing mortality coefficient of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 was smaller than the values of F_(0.1) and F_(MSY). Furthermore, the time series biomass plot of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 shows that the biomass of I.argentinus and this fishery were in a good state and not presently experiencing overfishing. This study suggests that the environmental conditions of the habitat should be considered within squid stock assessment and management.  相似文献   

7.
Temporal distributions of dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) were studied in the southern Yellow Sea(SYS) during April and September 2010. The mean concentrations(range) of DMS, dissolved and particulate DMSP(DMSPd and DMSPp) in the surface waters in spring are 1.69(0.48–4.92), 3.18(0.68–6.75)and 15.81(2.82–52.33) nmol/L, respectively, and those in autumn are 2.80(1.33–5.10), 5.45(2.19–11.30) and 30.63(6.24–137.87) nmol/L. On the whole, the distributions of DMS and DMSP in spring are completely different from those in autumn. In the central part of the SYS, the concentrations of DMS and DMSP in spring are obviously higher than those in autumn, but the opposite situation is found on the south of 34°N, which can be attributed to the differences in nutrients and phytoplankton biomass and composition between spring and autumn. Besides,the seasonal variations of water column stability and the Changjiang diluted water also have significant impact on the distributions of DMS and DMSP in spring and autumn on the south of 34°N. DMS and DMSPp concentrations coincide well with chlorophyll a(Chl a) levels in the spring cruise, suggesting that phytoplankton biomass may play an important role in controlling the distributions of DMS and DMSPp in the study area. Annual DMS emission rates range from 0.015 to 0.033 Tg/a(calculated by S), respectively, using the equations of Liss and Merlivat(1986) and Wanninkhof(1992). This result implies a significant relative contribution of the SYS to the global oceanic DMS fluxes.  相似文献   

8.
Vypeen, an island of Cochin estuarine system, acts as the spawning site of several marine and estuarine fishes. We assumed that, physical process(upwelling) make changes in hydrography and the production of chlorophyll a in coastal waters off Vypeen. These alterations can influence the zooplankton abundance and copepod community structure in that area. For justifying this hypothesis, samples were collected from Vypeen at 10 m and 30 m locations during January(pre-southwest monsoon), August(late-southwest monsoon) and November(postsouthwest monsoon) 2014. During August, subsurface water column was cool, nutrient rich and less oxygenated(signatures of upwelling) than in November and January. Maximum concentrations of nitrate and chlorophyll a were recorded during August. In the present study, 15 zooplankton groups were recorded; of which copepods were the most predominant group(73%–90%). Copepod density in the present study ranged between 527.2 ind./m~3 and 5 139.2 ind./m~3. Totally, 37 copepods species were reported in present study and copepod species richness was higher during January. The abundance of zooplankton and copepods was high in August during late-southwest monsoon. These variations were closely associated with the coastal upwelling in August and weakening of moderate upwelling in November. In SIMPER analysis, it was found that the copepods species distribution was similar within season and dissimilar between the three seasons. Moreover, the higher abundance of upwelling indicator species Temora turbinata was recorded in August, which confirms the signs of seasonal upwelling in Vypeen. The present study emphasized on the influence of hydrographical parameters associated with physical process, in governing the copepod community organization of the Vypeen Island.  相似文献   

9.
The Dongsha area is one of the most promising target areas for gas hydrate exploration in the South China Sea(SCS).The study of pore water geochemistry has played a key role in Chinese gas hydrate exploration.Br/Cl,I/Cl and δ37Cl in pore water were applied here in tracing gas hydrate occurrence,chemical evolution of pore fluids and water/rock interactions in low temperature sediment environments.The samples were collected from Sites HD255 PC and HD309 PC in the Dongsha area in 2004.At Site HD255 PC,we found the elevated Br/Cl,I/Cl and decreased SO_4/Cl at the depth of 4–5 m,suggestive of a laterally migrated fluid probably generated from the gas hydrate occurrence.The range of δ37Cl is –0.54‰ to +0.96‰,and positive δ~(37)Cl at 4–5 m interval should be related with different diffusion rates between ~(35)Cl and ~(37)Cl.At Site HD309 PC,a laterally migrated fluid was also found at the depth of 3–4 m,with the Br/Cl two times to that of the seawater and decreased I/Cl,indicating the fluid has no relationship with the gas hydrate.In this site,the chlorine isotopic composition varies from –0.7‰ to+1.9‰.Extra high Br/Cl might relate with the deep generated fluid.At higher temperature and pressure,the Br/Cl of the fluid is elevated during the hydrous silicate formation,while positive δ37Cl is also associated with the same mechanism.  相似文献   

10.
Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus(Bloch, 1791) is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality(Z) during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient(M) was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly's equation(the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C), therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients(F) were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland(1971) biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M(0.74). The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.  相似文献   

11.
基于1976-2012年利津站实测水沙资料,选取1976-1986年、1987-1999年及2000-2012年作为特征时段,探讨了黄河口现行入海水沙条件变化的阶段性特征,重点研究了入海泥沙粒度特征对入海水沙变化的响应情况。结果表明:(1)与1976-1986年年均入海流量1 020 m~3/s相比,1987-1999年与2000-2012年入海流量大幅度减小,分别为473.7 m~3/s和504.7 m~3/s;(2)与1976-1986年年均入海含沙量24.4 kg/m~3相比,1987-1999年大幅度减小至15.9 kg/m~3,2000-2012年仅为4.1 kg/m~3;(3) 1976-1986年入海悬沙中值粒径为0.022 mm,1987-1999年减小至0.016 mm,2000-2012年又变粗至0.021 mm,反映水库正常运行一段时间后,下游河床冲刷造成入海泥沙粗化;(4) 2000年后利津站与花园口站悬沙粒度特征变化趋势趋于一致。研究还揭示了利津站床沙特征与流域前4年来沙系数存在较好相关性,利津床沙粒径呈现随来沙系数减少而增大的趋势,表明流域来沙量减少会造成利津站床沙粗化。  相似文献   

12.
利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)对2007年3月30日至4月23日南黄海海域总溶解态无机砷(TDIAs,[TDIAs]=[As5+]+[As3+])的含量进行了测定,其中针对水华中心区域(BM1站)进行了25h的连续观测,以探讨春季水华对有毒类金属元素砷的生物地球化学行为的影响。结果表明,TDIAs的浓度范围为7.9~22.3nmol/L,平均值为(17.8±1.9)nmol/L。TDIAs在南黄海的分布主要表现为由近岸向外海逐渐升高的趋势,最大值出现在南部海域底层海水中。近岸海域表、底层TDIAs的含量相当,而中、南部海域由于存在明显的密度跃层,表、底层TDIAs的浓度具有显著性差异。2007年3月31日至4月1日研究区域西南部受到沙尘天气和降雨的影响,表层海水中TDIAs的含量显著升高。研究区域中、南部海域在观测期间暴发了典型的黄海春季水华,通过大面观测和对重点区域的连续观测可以发现,水华期间TDIAs的分布和磷酸盐类似,与Chl a呈现出较好的负相关关系(r=0.51,P0.05,n=39)。经初步计算,浮游植物水华对10m以上表层水体中TDIAs的清除量约为2.4nmol/L,占表层保有量的15%左右。通过箱式模型计算得出黄海TDIAs的停留时间约为(18.2±8.5)a,远远低于大洋。通过对该海域砷、磷摩尔比值的计算可以发现,南黄海砷、磷摩尔比值约为大洋中的20倍左右,这可能会引起浮游生物对砷酸盐的大量吸收和转化,从而带来潜在的生态危机,需要引起足够的重视。  相似文献   

13.
利用1991年的1景TM遥感数据，2000年的ETM+遥感数据和2011年HJ-1A遥感数据进行廉江红树林信息的提取。结果表明：1991，2000和2011年廉江的红树林分布面积分别为131.6，628.7和1 056.2 ha。自1991年至2011年红树林呈增加的趋势，共增加924.6 ha，20年间研究区域的红树林约增加了7倍。湛江红树林国家自然保护区的建立对于红树林湿地生态系统的保护和恢复起到极大的促进作用，研究区域红树林造林恢复成果显著，种植了大量的人工红树林。  相似文献   

14.
利用中国2008年9月发射的自主 HJ-1B 卫星热红外遥感影像数据,基于实测数据对已有海表温度反演的单窗算法进行了改进与简化,重新订正了大气透射率和大气平均作用温度估算方程,建立了基于实测数据验证的 HJ-1B 卫星海表温度定量反演业务化算法.将本算法与段四波等的改进算法用于实验海区海表温度的反演,反演结果与卫星同步实测海温数据的对比表明:本研究算法反演结果与现场同步实测海表温度平均误差约为0.76,℃段四波等改进算法反演结果平均误差约为1.09℃.本算法为 HJ-1B 卫星海表温度产品的业务化应用提供了便捷可行的方案  相似文献   

15.
利用环境一号卫星热红外影像反演渤海海表温度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
针对环境卫星热红外遥感影像,结合美国环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析数据,运用覃志豪单窗算法(MW),修订了该算法的主要参数计算公式,建立了反演海洋表面温度的流程.利用2009年10月4日渤海上空的热红外遥感影像进行反演试验,同时对比反演结果和美国中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的海表温度产品(MOD28)之间的差异....  相似文献   

16.
A new off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(ICOS) is coupled to Weiss equilibrator for continuous highresolution dissolved methane measurement in the surface ocean. The time constant for the equilibrator in freshwater at room temperature is determined via dis-equilibration and re-equilibration experiments. The constant for methane is about 40 min. The system is calibrated using a standard gas of 3.980×10–6, and the precision of the ICOS for methane is 0.07%. This system is equipped onboard to measure the spatial distribution in methane concentrations of South Yellow Sea(SYS) along the cruise track from Shanghai to Qingdao. Result shows that the methane concentration varies from 2.79 to 36.36 nmol/L, reveals a significant pattern of methane source in SYS, and a distinct decreasing trend from south to north. The peak value occurs at the coast area outside mouth of the Changjiang River, likely to be affected by the Changjiang diluted water mass dissolving a large amount of rich in methane. Moreover, all the surface waters are oversaturated, air-to-sea fluxes range from 98.59 to 5 485.35 μmol/(m2·d)(average value(1 169.74±1 398.46) μmol/(m2·d)), indicating a source region for methane to the atmosphere. Key words: methane, equilibrator, off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(ICOS), South Yellow Sea  相似文献   

17.
HJ-1A星辐射定标及近海水体大气校正的精度验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以应用HJ-1A星数据进行近海水体定量反演为目的,对HJ-1A星CCD的星上定标系数的精度进行验证,并基于Landsat-5TM数据对其进行交叉定标。在此基础上反演近海水体的反射率,将反演结果与实测水体反射率进行比较发现:对HJ-1A星CCD数据进行交叉定标能在一定程度上能提高近海水体反射率反演的精度。结果表明,HJ-1A星CCD影像的星上定标系数不够精确,在利用该数据进行近海水体的定量反演研究时,需要利用交叉定标对星上定标参数进行修正。  相似文献   

18.
南黄海浒苔漂移轨迹年际变化规律及驱动因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
综合利用环境卫星(HJ-1A/1B)CCD影像与MODIS影像,对2011-2017年南黄海海域浒苔信息进行了提取,并结合QuickSCAT海风数据以及ESRL海温数据对浒苔生长及漂移路径的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)7年中利用遥感手段最初发现浒苔的日期为5月份,初始发现位置多集中在江苏省盐城市附近海域,且近7年浒苔漂移方向整体上向北,进入山东半岛海域。其中,浒苔中心点距离青岛海域最远约115km(2015年6月21日),最近约9.6km(2012年7月11日)。(2)浒苔中心点漂移方位年际差异较大,整体上浒苔漂移路径方向与海面风风向高度一致。(3)SST是浒苔暴发的关键环境因子,南黄海海域5—8月份SST逐月升高为浒苔生消过程提供了环境条件。  相似文献   

19.
Distributions of carbohydrate species in the Gulf of Mexico   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
In order to study the role of polysaccharides in the cycling of marine organic matter and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), the concentrations of total carbohydrates (p-TCHO), total uronic acids (URA) and total acid polysaccharides (APS) in suspended and sinking particles, as well as carbohydrates in the filter-passing “dissolved” phase (d-TCHO), were measured in vertical profiles along a N–S transect in the Gulf of Mexico, across a cold core (CCR) and a warm core (WCR) ring (eddy) during both July 2000 and May 2001. The concentrations of d-TCHO in 2000 ranged from 4 to 22 μM C, with a subsurface maximum, which was located slightly above the depth of chl a maximum, amounting to, on average, 34% of DOC in the CCR, and 13% in the WCR. The concentration of particulate carbohydrates (p-TCHO) in different size fractions (0.7–10, 10–53, and >53 μm) ranged from 0.04 to 1.1, 0.005 to 0.40, and 0.006 to 0.26 μM C, respectively, indicating that carbohydrates are mostly concentrated in small particles (0.7–10 μm). URA and APS were similarly concentrated in small particles, in which, on average, URA accounted for 87% and 57% of total URA, and APS for 92% and 88% of total APS in 2000 and 2001, respectively. URA accounted for 3–9% of carbohydrates in suspended particles, suggesting that URA are a minor component of the p-TCHO pool. Due to its surface-reactive nature, URA could play a major role in the coagulation of particles and macromolecules despite its relatively low abundance. While, on average, p-TCHO and total APS were more enriched in suspended particles than in sinking particles in both 2000 and 2001, the opposite was true for URA in both years. The greater contents of URA that are present in settling particles compared to suspended particles could indicate a mass flow in the direction of sinking particles, either caused by coagulation, by bacterial reworking of particulate and colloidal organic matter, or by their more refractory nature.  相似文献   

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