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1.
以2001和2006年盛夏登陆中国南方并造成巨大灾害的两次热带气旋过程为例,利用"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集"、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及地面加密观测资料,对2001年0103号"榴莲"和2006年0604号"碧利斯"热带气旋陆上维持和暴雨增幅的大尺度环境场及成因进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)"榴莲"登陆后与中纬度西风槽发生相互作用,构成了典型的"北槽南涡"天气形势,"碧利斯"登陆后受西太平洋副高、北方大陆高压坝和南侧副高向西南方向延伸的高压脊所包围,有利于其环流维持。2)"榴莲"和"碧利斯"陆上维持期间越赤道气流明显增强,但是在"榴莲"活动期间,100°E附近越赤道气流表现突出,而在"碧利斯"陆上活动期间,80°E附近越赤道气流尤为显著,它们都增强了当时的西南季风,把大量来自热带海洋的水汽注入登陆后减弱的"榴莲"和"碧利斯"环流,使其非但没有很快减弱消亡,反而能在登陆后长时间维持不消。3)2001和2006年东亚夏季风存在明显低频振荡,2001年低纬夏季风10~20d低频振荡显著,而2006年则以30~60d低频振荡为主,由不同低频振荡周期表示的低纬季风涌均存在明显的北传特征。当低频振荡处于极端活跃位相时,季风涌最为强盛并侵入"榴莲"和"碧利斯"环流系统,正好对应着当时的台风暴雨剧烈增幅。此外,低频气流的辐合和低频水汽输送也是"榴莲"和"碧利斯"暴雨增幅的重要原因。  相似文献   

2.
Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989. With the aid of EOF analysis method, temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied. The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moisture sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region. In winter, the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source, in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the "continent bridge". at 80°E and 40°E ~ 50°E transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moisture sinks. In summer, Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean are moisture sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink. In spring and autumn, ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.  相似文献   

3.
It is generally thought that the influence of comparable track typhoons is approximately similar,but in fact their wind and especially their rainstorm distribution are often very different. Therefore,a contrastive analysis of rainstorms by tropical cyclones (TCs) Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604),which are of a similar track,is designed to help understand the mechanism of the TC rainstorm and to improve forecasting skills. The daily rainthll of TC itaitang (0505) and Bills (0604) is diagnosed and compared.The result indicates that these two TCs have similar precipitation distribution before landtall but different precipitation characteristics after landthll. Using NCEP/GFS analysis data,the synoptic situation is analyzed; water vapor transportation is discussed regarding the calculated water vapor flux and divergence.The results show that the heavy rainfall in the Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces associated with Haitang (0505) and Bitis (0604) before landlhll results ti'om a peripheral easterly wind,a combination of the tropical cyclone and the terrain. After landthll and moving far inland of the storm,the precipitation of Haitang is caused by water vapor convergence carried by its own circulation; it is much weaker than that in the coastal area. One of the important contributing thctors to heavy rainstorms in southeast Zhejiang is a southeast jet stream,which is maintained over the southeast coast. In contrast,the South China Sea monsoon circulation transports large amounts of water vapor into Bills - when a water-vapor transport belt south of the tropical cyclone significantly strengthens - which strengthens the transport. Then,it causes water vapor flux to converge on the south side of Bilis and diverge on the north side. Precipitation is much stronger on the south side than that on the north side. After Bilis travels far inland,the cold air guided by a north trough travels into the TC and remarkably enhances precipitation. In summary,combining vertical wind shear with water vapor transportation is a good way to predict rainstorms associated with landing tropical cyclones.  相似文献   

4.
北半球冬季风时期越赤道气流的初步分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用1980—1986年格点风资料,分析了各年北半球冬季风期间(12—2月)东半球对流层低层及高空的越赤道气流通道。在该地区冬季低空具有气候意义的通道是105°E、125°E、45°E、80°E及150°E 5条,其中以100°—130°E为主要通道。高空则主要集中在80°–120°E区间。在1983—1984、1984—1985年两个冬季,45°E处出现较强的低空北风越赤道气流,这与高纬度大西洋东部上空持续的强阻塞形势有关。这支强越赤道气流与南印度洋及南太平洋多热带风暴也有联系。由平均经圈环流分析指出,  相似文献   

5.
西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅诊断及其数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
以登陆内陆后维持时间长、暴雨增幅的热带气旋"碧利斯"(0604)为研究对象,利用"CMA-STI"热带气旋最佳路径数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及地面加密观测资料,讨论了西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅,分析了台风涡旋周围的水汽收支特征,发现净西风、净南风输送为暴雨提供了充足的水汽,在"碧利斯"登陆大陆减弱西行的过程中,西南季风对登陆台风的维持和暴雨增幅有重要影响。利用WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式模拟"碧利斯"登陆后的降水表明,该模式能够较好地模拟降水强度和暴雨落区,模拟路径与台风实际路径走向大体一致,但存在一定偏差;季风涌爆发时,台风中心南侧降水出现明显增幅。敏感性试验结果表明,降水强度对水汽输送大小较敏感,水汽输送减弱致使降水强度明显减弱,可见西南季风的水汽输送对暴雨的影响至关重要。  相似文献   

6.
By using the dataset of CMA-STI Tropical Cyclone Optimal Tracks, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and intensive surface observations, a study is performed of the influences of a low-latitude monsoon surge on the longer persistence and increase in torrential rains from the landing tropical storm Bilis. Results suggest that the southwest monsoon was anomalously active after Bilis came ashore. The westerly winds in Bilis’s south side might give rise to the poleward movement of the SW monsoon, thus enlarging the pressure g...  相似文献   

7.
By using monthly NCEP/NCAR meridional gridpoint wind data at the levels of 1000, 850, 700,600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 150 and 100 hPa from 1948 to 2004, the intensity of global cross-equatorial flows is calculated. The spatial and temporal variation of global cross-equatorial flows at the 850-hPa level are shown and discussed. The results show that the strength of the 850-hPa global cross-equatorial flows represent obvious long-term variation and interdecadal change during the period. Evidence suggests that the cross-equatorial flow of the passages at 45 - 50 °E in June to August, 105 - 115 °E in May to September,130 - 140 °E in May to September and May to November and 20 - 25 °E in February to April intensified and that the cross-equatorial flow of the passages at 50 - 35 °W in June to August weaken in the past 57 years, with an increase of 0.25m/s/10a for summer Somali Jet and increase of 0.32 m/s/10a for crossequatorial flow at 130 - 140 °E in May to September The results of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for the time series indicate that for the cross-equatorial flow at 850 hPa, the interdecadal and long-term trend changes are 35% - 45%, and the interannual variation is no more than 30%, in variance contribution. The results also reveal that the interannual variation of intensity of the summer cross-equatorial flows in the Pacific is significantly correlated with Southern Oscillation. With weak Southern Oscillation, strong crossequatorial flows in Pacific will happen, though the summer Somali Jet is only a little positively correlated with North Atlantic Oscillation (NAD).  相似文献   

8.
登陆热带风暴Bilis(2006)暴雨特征及其可能原因   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°格点再分析资料、FY-2C TBB(black bright temperature)资料及中国740站降水资料,对0604号强热带风暴Bilis登陆后的暴雨特征及其可能原因进行诊断分析,结果表明:(1)Bilis登陆过程中强降水中心位于风暴中心西北侧沿岸,主要影响福建和浙江两省;进入内陆后强降水中心向风暴中心以西转移,最后在风暴中心西南侧聚集,主要影响广东东北部、福建、江西和湖南南部。(2)西北太平洋副热带高压的稳定少动为Bilis陆上西行过程中产生持续性降水提供了稳定的背景场。(3)Bilis西南部季风环流的发展增强为Bilis登陆后强降水的产生提供了必要的水汽条件。(4)涡合并和自激增长形成的中尺度系统与风暴涡旋的相互作用,是Bilis登陆后产生强降水的可能机制。  相似文献   

9.
The onset process of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEIO) summer monsoon (TEIOSM) and its relationship with the cross-equatorial flows are investigated via climatological analysis. Climatologically, results indicate that the earliest onset process of the Asian summer monsoon occurs over the TEIO at pentad 22 (April 15–20). Unlike the abrupt onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon, the TEIOSM onset process displays a stepwise advance. Moreover, a close relationship between the TEIOSM development and the northward push of the cross-equatorial flows over 80–90E is revealed. A difference vorticity center, together with the counterpart over the southern Indian Ocean, constitutes a pair of difference cyclonic vortices, which strengthens the southwesterly wind over the TEIO and the northerly wind to the west of the Indian Peninsula from the end of March to late May. Therefore, the occurrence of the southwesterly wind over the TEIO is earlier than its counterpart over the tropical western Indian Ocean, and the cross-equatorial flows emerge firstly over the TEIO rather than over the Somali area. The former increases in intensity during its northward propagation, which provides a precondition for the TEIOSM onset and its northward advance.  相似文献   

10.
采用水平分辨率1°×1°的NCEP 再分析资料、1°×1°的NCEP GDAS资料和2.5°×2.5°的NOAA大气环流资料, 结合NOAA HYSPLIT v4.8轨迹模式对0604号热带风暴“Bilis”整个生命史的水汽输送特征进行模拟分析, 并分析了“Bilis”暴雨增幅前和增幅后的水汽输送轨迹及不同来源的水汽贡献。结果表明, “Bilis”整个活动过程中主要有四支水汽输送通道, 分别是源自索马里、孟加拉湾、120°E 越赤道气流和东太平洋的水汽, 其中源自索马里和孟加拉湾的西南水汽输送(偏南水汽通道)占主导地位, 120°E 越赤道气流和东太平洋的水汽是西南水汽随着“Bilis”环流逆时针旋转, 自环流中心东北侧进入雨区(东北水汽通道), 是低压环流与偏南风相互作用的结果。其中, 偏南通道水汽大部分输送到850 hPa以下的低层, 自环流北侧输入的水汽则主要输送到暴雨区上空850 hPa以上。对比暴雨增幅前后各通道的水汽贡献率发现, 孟加拉湾西南气流输送的低纬水汽对此次暴雨增幅的形成、发展起重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
0604号强热带风暴碧利斯异常强降水过程的诊断分析   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
张恒德  孔期 《气象》2007,33(5):42-48
基于0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”异常强降水对我国造成的巨大影响,使用地面加密观测资料、卫星云图资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及中尺度模式输出的产品,对此次强热带风暴登陆减弱后缓慢移动且长时间维持而引发的湖南、广东等地强降水过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:受西太平洋副热带高压、北方大陆高压、青藏高原东部高压及低纬赤道高压的包围,低压移动缓慢,而西南季风气流及副高西南侧的东南气流源源不断地输送水汽到低压环流中,有利于其强度经久不衰,低压持续存在。对中尺度数值预报产品和物理量场的分析发现,水汽供应充沛,低层气流辐合性较强,垂直对流旺盛,是这次强降水发生的有利条件。  相似文献   

12.
定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
伊兰  陶诗言 《气象学报》1997,55(5):532-544
利用欧洲中心ECMWF10a逐日资料,对定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用进行了计算分析。结果表明,瞬变涡动总把水汽从高水汽含量区送到低水汽含量区,实现与平均环流相反的输送,维持了热带地区和中高纬地区水汽的平衡。夏季定常涡动输送的经向分量是将水汽从热带向副热带输送的主要机制,而瞬变涡动输送的经向分量则是把水汽从副热带输送到中高纬的主要机制。由于季风经圈环流的存在,使得亚洲季风区的热带地区为重要的水汽源区,而其副热带和中纬度地区是水汽汇区,这与同纬度其它地区相反。  相似文献   

13.
刘爱鸣  林毅  刘铭  王怀俊 《气象》2007,33(5):36-41
热带气旋碧利斯和格美,在起源地、路径和结构上有一定的相似,但登陆后降水强度却有明显差异.通过对两个热带气旋登陆后环境场和物理量场的对比分析,得出一些结论.热带气旋登陆后暴雨强度与高空盛行东北气流和南海西南季风加强有关.高低空不同的环流形势导致了这两个热带气旋登陆后华南沿海低层辐合、高层辐散、上升运动、水汽及不稳定度等物理量场的不同,从而造成暴雨强度的不同.  相似文献   

14.
江淮区域持续性暴雨过程的水汽源地和输送特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用HYSPLIT模式和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对中国江淮流域持续性暴雨过程(PHREs)的江南型和江北型过程的水汽源地、输送路径以及干空气路径进行分析。主要结果如下:江南型PHREs的干空气主要通过2条路径进入江淮地区,即源自地中海-欧洲平原的西北路径和来自蒙古高原的东北路径,而江北型PHREs干空气主要有1条路径,即西北路径。干空气是通过对流层中高层的槽脊活动和急流输送至江淮区域。江南型水汽主要由源自印度半岛以南的热带印度洋的西南路径和来自印度尼西亚与中国南海的偏南路径这2条路径输送到江淮流域。江北型的水汽路径有3条,前2条路径与江南型类似,且为主要水汽来源,还有来自西太平洋的东南路径水汽输送。江淮流域的持续性降雨过程中,来自南方的水汽输送主要受索马里越赤道急流、孟加拉湾南部和印度尼西亚群岛附近越赤道气流,以及受西太平洋副热带高压这些系统的影响。   相似文献   

15.
南海夏季风对强热带风暴Bilis(0604)引发暴雨的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
Bilis(0604)是一个登陆后长久维持并造成了特大暴雨的强热带风暴.通过对常规观测资料、雷达资料和红外卫星云图的分析,发现暴雨过程中不断有中尺度对流系统(MCSs)产生和发展,这些MCSs是造成强暴雨的主要中尺度系统.在此基础上用中尺度模式MM5对Bilis登陆后66 h的过程进行了数值模拟,模拟的雨带和雨量与实况较符合.利用模拟结果,对MCSs的发展过程和特征作了分析,发现Bilis的低压环流和南海夏季风在华南一带交汇,使得华南一带多中尺度涡旋、辐合中心和中尺度辐合线发展,这些系统为中尺度对流系统的生成和维持提供了有利的环境.敏感性试验表明,南海夏季风输送暖湿气流为暴雨区补充不稳定能量和水汽,对暴雨的产生具有十分重要的作用.  相似文献   

16.
台风“海棠”特大暴雨数值模拟研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
在福建中北部登陆的台风,往往会严重影响浙江,尤其值得注意的是台风引起特大暴雨经常会发生在浙江东南沿海的南雁荡山区和北雁荡山区,2005年在福建省连江黄歧登陆的台风"海棠"(0505)对浙江东南沿海造成严重影响,是这类台风比较典型个例。文中利用非静力模式MM5模拟"海棠"台风在浙东南沿海造成的特大暴雨,模拟结果与实况对比分析表明,模式较好地模拟了台风降水强度和分布,特别是成功模拟出南雁荡山区特大暴雨中心(南部暴雨区)和雁荡山区特大暴雨中心(北部暴雨区);运用高时空分辨率模拟资料对特大暴雨成因进行诊断分析表明,南部暴雨区涡度低层到高层向西倾斜结构和北部暴雨区高低空强辐散辐合的耦合结构有利于形成暴雨区强烈上升运动,环境风场垂直切变产生次级环流进一步加强暴雨区上升运动;暴雨区持续不稳定层结和特殊水汽输送通道为特大暴雨提供热力条件和水汽条件。最后对浙南闽北地形对台风特大暴雨影响进行数值敏感性试验表明,温州南、北雁荡山脉地形等高线与台风水汽输送路径正交是造成特大暴雨的重要原因,地形使暴雨增幅明显,地形越高对暴雨增幅越明显,降水分布更加不均匀。比较台风造成南、北特大暴雨条件,发现两者既有环境风场垂直切变产生次级环流进一步加强暴雨区上升运动、持续不稳定层结以及地形对暴雨增幅作用等相同之处,又有动力结构、维持持续不稳定层结条件以及水汽输送等不同之处。  相似文献   

17.
0604号强热带风暴"碧利斯"结构特征及其暴雨成因分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
罗玲  娄小芬  胡亮  何金海 《气象科学》2013,33(2):208-214
利用NCEP再分析资料、FY2C卫星的OLR及红外云图资料,以及地面台站观测资料,对0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”的结构特征以及对其登陆后深入内陆造成强降水的成因进行了综合分析,研究结果表明:(1)强热带风暴“碧利斯”结构不对称,南部云系发展旺盛,强降水集中在风暴南侧,呈现明显的不对称分布;(2)副热带高压强度偏强,位置偏西,使得热带风暴登陆后向西偏南方向移动,并在移动过程中与南海季风相互作用,激发了中尺度强降水系统的不断发生;(3)充沛的水汽条件,低层辐合,高层辐散,并伴有深厚的较强上升运动,以及有利的地形都是热带风暴长时间维持并产生大范围强降水的有利条件.  相似文献   

18.
利用台风年鉴资料、雨量站观测资料及ERA-interim 1 °×1 °分析资料等,对1980—2015年在广东珠江口以西(徐闻-珠海)登陆且继续偏西(北)行但引发距离登陆点较远的粤东地区出现暴雨(“西登东雨”)的一类严重不对称热带气旋暴雨特征进行了分析。结果表明:在珠江口以西登陆的热带气旋中有近一半会给粤东地区带来暴雨;其登陆点位置远近与粤东暴雨发生与否没有直接联系,即登陆点越靠近(珠江口)并不一定使粤东更易出现暴雨;其登陆强度越强也不一定使粤东出现暴雨可能性越大,但使粤东出现特别弱降水(< 10 mm)的热带气旋多集中在(强)热带风暴级别。进一步分析引发粤东暴雨的天气形势及要素特征表明,热带气旋东侧的低空东南急流、偏东急流和偏南急流以及边界层的辐合线(台风槽)是引发粤东出现暴雨的重要原因,西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)西南侧和“方头”副高西侧是粤东暴雨的有利形势;相似的低层风场和中层形势场背景下,700~500 hPa的湿度条件会明显影响到粤东出现暴雨的可能性的大小。   相似文献   

19.
Climatic c haracteristics of tropical stratospheric methane have been well researched using various satellite data, and numerical simulations have furtherly conducted using chemical climatic models, while the impact of tropica1 stratospheric methane oxidation on tropical distribution of water vapor is not paid enough attention in general circulation models. Parameterization of methane oxidation is taken into account to deal with the chemical moisturizing action due to the methane oxidation in this paper. Numerical simulation and analysis of the influence of stratospheric methane on the prediction of tropical stratospheric moisture and temperature fields using general circulation model is conducted using heavy storm cases including a heavy rain in South China and a typhoon caused tropical storm. The results show obvious impact of methane oxidation on the forecasting precipitation. It is demonstrated that the stratospheric water vapor in the tropic is significantly remedied by introducing of parameterization of methane oxidation. And prediction of stratospheric temperature is accordingly modified, especially in the lower stratosphere within 30°N. The verification of monthly mean of forecast anomaly correlation(ACC) and root mean square(RMS)errors over the tropics indicated that the impact of stratospheric methane is neutral as to the forecast of geopotential height, and positive to the forecast of temperature and winds over the tropics.  相似文献   

20.
华南连续性特大致洪暴雨个例分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
张东  林钢  叶萌  陈桂兴  汪瑛 《气象科技》2007,35(1):82-87
利用气象常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从越赤道气流、降水时空分布以及过程开始、持续和结束环流时特征等方面对2005年6月18~24日华南连续性特大致洪暴雨过程进行了分析。结果发现,暴雨的空间分布有着双雨带特征,即南北两条雨带,北面雨带对应着切变线,南面的雨带对应着低空急流;暴雨开始前及暴雨过程中,索马里附近一直维持强盛的越赤道气流,同时在100°~160°E之间也有越赤道气流活动并有西进现象;500hPa西风槽、850hPa切变线是这次过程开始和维持的重要系统;华南上空对流层高层东风的建立是这次过程结束时重要特征;南海北部至广东上空低空急流中心风速的周期性脉动与广东强降水的日变化现象有着很好的对应关系。  相似文献   

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