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1.
对上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段的C、O同位素组成进行了分析,并根据δ13C值在剖面上的变化特征,讨论了该地区震旦系/寒武系的界线。结果表明,麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值在-3.19‰~2.86‰之间,平均值为0.10‰;δ18O值在-10.75‰~-5.17‰之间,平均值为-7.82‰。在剖面上δ13C值出现了有规律的变化,剖面下部2～21层,δ13C值均为正值,在0.04‰~1.68‰之间,平均值为0.92‰;上部23～32层,δ13C值均为负值,在-3.19‰~-1.42‰之间,平均值为-2.13‰,δ13C值存在一个显著的负漂移,变化高达4‰。麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值的变化特征与国内外同期地层非常相似,具有全球可对比性,可作为震旦系/寒武系划分的地球化学标志。 相似文献
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云南东部上新元古界-下寒武统地层碳同位素变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南东部上新元古界-下寒武统沉积序列中碳酸盐岩较多，本文研究的三条剖面上厚约500m，包括：东龙潭组、渔户村组及筇竹寺组底部，覆于海相冰水沉积之上，反映了从潮上蒸发至浅水相环境。已获得的δ^13C和δ^18O值显示出较大的变化范围，分别是-7．33～ 2．64(‰)和-14．98～ 0．78(‰)。依靠δ^13C测试，结合岩矿鉴定，发现梅树村震旦系．寒武系界线层型剖面岩石成岩作用中有改造现象。显然，δ^13C总的变化范围及变化模式比世界其它地区小，但却包含一个δ^13C负异常，直接位于古生物学上的前寒武系-寒武系界线之下。 相似文献
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湘西王村剖面寒武系鼓山阶(Drumian)底界附近碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值分布于0.5‰~–3.0‰之间,δ~(18)O值分布于–4.0‰~–12.0‰之间,少数碳酸盐岩样品的δ~(18)O值低于–10.0‰,指示岩石经历成岩期后蚀变作用影响,但δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O之间的非协变关系指示碳同位素组成比较稳定。鼓山阶底界附近δ~(13)C表现为负漂移演化趋势,负漂移幅度为4.0‰,最低值出现在鼓山阶底界之上9 m处,与美国犹他州Drum Mountains剖面鼓山阶负漂移(DICE)出现的位置基本一致,负漂移幅度可与美国内华达州Desert Range剖面、Panaca Hills剖面、犹他州House Range剖面、Drum Mountains剖面对比,表明DICE负漂移具有洲际可对比性,可作为寒武系鼓山阶划分与对比的工具。湘西王村剖面寒武系第二统顶部清虚洞组、第三统底部敖溪组白云岩为海平面下降期形成的进积序列,寒武系第三统花桥组下部黑色泥灰岩、钙质泥岩夹富含黄铁矿结核的硅质条带为深水斜坡相沉积,超覆于白云岩之上。因此,寒武系鼓山阶底部附近的DICE负漂移发生在寒武纪第三世鼓山期海侵时期,与美国Drum Mountains剖面鼓山阶DICE负漂移所处的沉积环境相似。 相似文献
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中国南方灯影峡期(晚前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期,在灯影组.中部发育从海水直接沉积、沉淀的原生白云岩,目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得:泥晶白云石的δ13C值为3.64‰,δ18O值为-1.17‰(n=6);藻白云岩的δ13C值为3.52‰,δ18O值为-1.86‰(n=15);海水纤状白云石胶结物δ13C值为2.90‰,δ18O值为-2.65‰(n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结物的δ13C值为2.96‰,δ18O值为-2.41‰(n=8);泥晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的δ13C值为2.79‰,δ18O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的δ13C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,δ18O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰(均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相白云岩的原始δ13C和δ18O值,不采用所有样品的平均值,而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石胶结物δ13C值和δ18O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即：δ13C值为4.43‰(PDB标准),δ18O值为-0.62‰(PDB标准),将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水δ18O计算值为2.90‰(SMOW标准),用原始δ18O值计算的原生白云石形成时的海水温度为40.8 ℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡期的海洋为炎热的较高的海水温度环境。 相似文献
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对华北克拉通古元古代辽河群、中条群和湾子群的碳酸盐岩进行了C、O同位素研究。辽河群王家沟组条带状大理岩的δ13CPDB变化于-1.02‰~3.14‰之间,大部分在0.16‰~1.79‰之间,平均值为1.07‰,稍高于海相碳酸盐岩的δ13C平均值0.5‰,δ18OPDB变化于-17.2‰~-10.1‰之间,大部分在-13.4‰~-10.1‰之间,20组数据的均值为-11.9‰。中条群余家山组大理岩的δ13CPDB变化于-0.2‰~0.8‰之间,大部分在0~0.3‰之间,前14个样品的δ13C平均值为0.34‰,稍低于海相碳酸盐岩的δ13C平均值,后16个样品的δ13C平均值为0.54‰,与海相碳酸盐岩的δ13C平均值基本一致,其δ18OPDB变化于-7.9‰~-6.1‰之间,大部分在-7.3‰~-6.1‰之间,前14个样品的δ18O平均值为-6.80‰,后16个样品的δ18O平均值为-6.68‰,两个剖面上的δ18O值没有明显差别。阜平宋家口南湾子群大理岩δ13CPDB变化于1.0‰~3.8‰之间,平均值为2.65‰,明显高于海相碳酸盐岩的δ13C平均值0.5‰,其δ18OPDB变化于-8.8‰~-5.7‰之间,平均值为-6.97‰。研究结果表明所研究的大理岩均形成于一个比较稳定而又相对波动的气候环境,大理岩沉积期间存在海平面和气温旋回变化但没有突变事件。湾子群宋家口剖面大理岩对Jatulian事件有响应,中条群余家山组大理岩对Jatulian事件没有响应,辽河群王家沟组是否存在对Jatulian事件响应还不确切。 相似文献
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罗平生物群产出层位氧碳稳定同位素的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解云南罗平地区新近发现的罗平生物群的古环境信息,我们对其产出层位－－中三叠统关岭组二段大凹子剖面的碳酸盐岩进行了全岩氧碳稳定同位素测试。测试结果显示,中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期大凹子剖面δ13C值分布范围在-4.543‰～1.069‰之间,平均为-3.0298‰,δ18O值分布在-5.202～-0.971‰之间,平均为-3.3645‰。
同位素数据的相关性分析显示大凹子剖面的同位素值受后期大气水参与的成岩作用影响较小。结合沉积学和古生物学的证据,我们提出了一个假说：δ13C值明显偏负的层位主要是由硫酸菌的还原作用所导致。这种活动所释放的H2S也部分解释了罗平生物群大规模死亡的原因。
在排除掉成岩作用的影响之后,本剖面δ13C分布在-2.976～1.069‰之间,平均值为-1.4556‰,δ18O分布在-3.455～-2.516‰之间,平均值为-2.9258‰。尽管如此,与同时期其它有关剖面相比,大凹子剖面δ13C值仍然偏低,对此我们进行了探讨和解释,并利用高水位时期的δ18O数据作为基本资料对罗平地区的古海水温度进行了恢复。结果显示其温度值分布在27℃～32℃之间,平均为29℃左右,说明罗平地区当时气候比较温暖。 相似文献
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中国南方灯影峡期(晓前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期．在灯影组中部发育从海水直接沉积、沉淀的原生白云岩。目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得：泥晶白云石的δ^13C值为‰,δ^18O值为-1.17‰（n=6);藻白云岩的δ^13C值为3.52‰,δ^18O值为-1.86‰（n=5);海水纤状白云石胶结物δ^13C值为2.90‰,δ^18O值为-2.65‰（n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结构的δ^13C值为2.96‰,δ^180值为-2.41‰(n=8);泥晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的δ^13C值为2.79‰,δ^18O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的δ^13C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,δ^18O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰（均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相白云岩的原始δ^13C和δ^18O值,不采用所有样品的平均值．而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石胶结物δ^13C值和δ^18O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即δ^13C值为4.43‰（PDB标准）,δ^18O值为-0.62‰（PDB标准）,将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水δ^18O计算值为2.90‰（SMOW标准）,用原始δ^18O值计算的厚生白云石形成时的海水温度为408℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡期的海洋为走热的较高的海水温度环境。 相似文献
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白云鄂博赋矿白云岩与微晶丘和碳酸岩墙的碳氧同位素对比研究 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
本文通过方解石和白云石的碳和氧同位素分析,对比研究了白云鄂博赋矿白云岩、黑脑包微晶丘、北京西山微晶丘、宽沟北正常沉积灰岩和白云鄂博碳酸岩墙,从而探讨了赋矿白云岩的成因及其与超大型Fe-Nb-REE矿床的成因关系。结果为:①黑脑包腮林忽洞群顶部微晶丘和北京西山寒武系顶部微晶丘碳酸盐的δ~(13)C值都在0±2‰左右,δ~(18)O值为18.3‰～25.1‰,均具有典型海相沉积碳酸盐岩的特点;②白云鄂博东矿采场δ~(13)C值为-7.9‰～-1.1‰,δ~(18)O值为9.1‰～20.9‰;矿区东西两端δ~(13)C值-7.9‰～-0.6‰,δ~(18)O值8.6‰～25.7‰;均介于地幔流体与典型沉积碳酸盐岩之间。部分赋矿白云岩样品中白云石与方解石之间的碳氧同位素分馏△~(13)C和△~(18)O值均小于0‰,表明其受到过次生蚀变作用,低δ~(18)O值白云石样品所对应的负△~(18)O值反映了地幔镁质流体对沉积碳酸盐岩的强烈交代作用;③矿区—富稀土碳酸岩墙的δ~(13)C值为-7.2‰～-4.7‰,δ~(18)O价值为11.9‰～16.4‰,表明其碳酸岩岩浆并非原始地幔来源,而可能与俯冲板块携带的沉积碳酸盐岩与地幔流体在深部的高温混合熔融有关。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于0‰,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,至少其中之一为 相似文献
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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
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Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
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The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
19.
Stratiform quartz-sulphide lodes in Ingladhal occur in a typical Precambrian green-stone-belt environment comprising metabasalts, tuff, chert and cherty iron-sulphide formation. Unusually high cobalt contents of metavolcanics and of sulphide minerals in orebodies suggest a consanguinity between ores and rocks. 90% of total nickel, 70% of total cobalt but only 30% of total copper in rocks occur in silicate phases and thus indicate an early separation of copper from cobalt and nickel. Unusually high non-sulphide copper in barren bedded cherts implies availability of Cu-rich solution prior to their lithification. Pyrite in sediments, in volcanics, and in orebodies is characterized by a distinctive pattern of Co-Ni distribution in each case. Partitioning of Co and Ni between coexisting sulphide pairs is complex, but gross equilibrium is indicated. Very high trace metal content of orebody pyrite sharply contrasts with very low such values in pyrite from adjacent sediments and points to a higher temperature of formation of orebodies. 相似文献
20.
Todd Dunn 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1987,96(4):476-484
The crystal/liquid partition coefficients of Lu, Hf, Ti, Mn and Ca have been measured between olivine, clinopyroxene and basaltic melt. The Ti, Mn, and Ca partition coefficients were determined at natural abundance levels. The Lu and Hf partition coefficients were determined at doping levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 wt% “trace element” as oxide in order to allow analysis by electron microprobe. Olivine/liquid partition coefficients for Lu, Hf, Ti, Mn, and Ca were determined at 1 bar and temperatures from 1150 to 1177° C. Clinopyroxene/liquid partition coefficients were determined for Lu, Hf, Ti, and Mn at pressures of 10, 15, and 20 kbars and temperatures from 1250 to 1290° C. The olivine/liquid partition coefficients of Hf, Lu, Ti, and Ca are small. D(Hf-ol) is zero within the analytical uncertainty. Both D(Lu-ol) and D(Mn-ol) decrease with increasing temperature, but D(Ti-ol) and D(Ca-ol) are constant over the narrow temperature range studied. The partition coefficient results are summarized below.
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