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赤潮生物的毒害机理与毒素生物化学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对赤潮毒素的研究已成为当前国际上的一个研究热点。本文仅对赤潮生物的毒害机理与毒素生物化学的研究进展进行综述。１亚历山大藻（Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）的毒害机理亚历山大藻的毒害机理是在代谢过程中产生麻痹性贝毒。１９７５年,当第一个麻痹性贝毒石房蛤毒素(ＳＴＸ)的化学结构用Ｘ射线结晶学方法鉴定成功时,发现这个分子属于生物碱类型,其基本骨架单元是全氢化嘌呤。通过同位素分子对Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ和Ａｐｈａｎｉｚｏｍｅｎｏｆｌｏｓａｑｕａｅ的培养试验发现,该毒素是由精氨酸和乙酸通过一种… 相似文献
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河豚毒素及其微生物起源 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
河豚毒素是一种强毒性海洋生物活性物质，最初是从豚科鱼中发现，故１９０９年被Ｔａｈａｒａ命名为Ｔｅｔｒｏｄｏｔｏｘｉｎ．本文介绍了ＴＴＸ的化学特性，毒性作用机制、药理作用、检测方法，在不同生物种中的分布，能产生ＴＴＸ的微生物种类，以及在此基础上提出的ＴＴＸ微生物起源学说的国内外最近研究报道，并提出了ＴＴＸ微生物起源学说的应用前景及今后的研究课题。 相似文献
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通过腹腔注射沙蜇刺胞毒素于吗啡依赖型戒断小鼠,检测小鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏和脑的SOD、CAT、NOS酶活力和MDA含量的变化情况,并进行统计学分析,研究沙蜇刺胞毒素对纳洛酮催促吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断作用。结果表明,沙蜇刺胞毒素对吗啡依赖小鼠各组织酶活力的恢复有明显的作用。出现戒断症状的小鼠肝脏的SOD和CAT活性比对照组明显降低,注射沙蜇刺胞毒素后两种酶活性逐渐恢复,但还是略低于对照组。相反MDA含量吗啡组最高,沙蜇刺胞毒素Ⅰ次之,沙蜇刺胞毒素Ⅱ最低。通过小鼠戒断前后肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑等组织中SOD和CAT活性酶的检测结果,证明了沙蜇刺胞毒素可改善小鼠由于吗啡作用而产生的机体的抗性下降、逐渐恢复正常生理功能,能抑制吗啡依赖小鼠戒断反应的发生,对吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断起到积极的治疗作用。 相似文献
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利用虾池排出水养殖菲律宾蛤仔的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道了福建泉州市晋江县金井垦区利用虾池排出水试养匪律宾蛤仔(花蛤)的结果。垦区排水渠道具有丰富的饵料生物和适宜的流水条件,饲养3个月的花蛤个体平均重量从1.5g增至6g。每亩毛产量可达2756kg。体重(W)相对月增长率与体重呈负相关(R_fW=1.028—0.405lnW)。调查结果还表明,这种花蛤养殖方式可大大地降低虾池排出水的有机质含量,从而减轻其邻近内湾的有机质污染压力。 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)蛋白聚糖的分离提取及其抗肿瘤活性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用凝胶过滤层析、SDS-PAGE电泳、Bradford法和苯酚-硫酸法等生物化学方法对菲律宾蛤仔中的蛋白聚糖(PG1和PG2)进行分离纯化,研究其理化性质。采用MTT方法研究蛋白聚糖对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人正常肝细胞HL-7702生长的影响。通过小鼠体内实验研究蛋白聚糖的抗肿瘤活性和对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,PG1分子量大约为20kDa,多糖含量为70.09%,蛋白质含量为15.4%。PG2的多糖含量为82.53%,蛋白质含量为7.26%。PG1在200μg/ml浓度时对SMMC-7721的生长抑制率为73.30%,随浓度的升高,抑制率并未发生明显改变。PG2对SMMC-7721的生长抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,在500μg/ml的浓度下,其抑制效果与PG1的抑制效果相当。在同样浓度下,PG1对人正常肝细胞的生长和功能没有明显影响。PG1呈剂量-效应关系明显增加荷瘤小鼠脾指数,促进荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化,且没有降低体重及其他毒副作用。PG1对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用可能是通过直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用和提高小鼠细胞免疫水平来实现。 相似文献
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指纹蛤属Acila贝类是我国黄东海重要的底栖生物,研究其遗传多样性及进化对了解这一海区环境的变化及与生物的关系具有重要作用。本研究通过线粒体COI基因标记,分析了黄东海常见的两个指纹蛤属物种—奇异指纹蛤Acila mirabilis和指纹蛤Acila divaricata的分化情况,结果表明这两个种的分化形成时间分别在3.71和4.27百万年前,处于上新世时期,我们推测冰期时海平面下降引起的物种栖息地的缩减以及黄海和东海环境条件的不同是导致物种分化的重要原因。通过群体遗传多样性分析,我们发现分布于黄海的4个奇异指纹蛤群体中,3500-10群体的遗传多样性水平最高,且群体遗传多样性自冷水团中心内侧至外侧呈递减趋势,推测这可能与这一群体对冷水团有较好的适应性有关。分布于东海的3个指纹蛤群体均检测到两个单倍型类群ZA和ZB,两类群的分化时间大约在64万年前,发生于更新世中期,我们认为冰期时海平面升降引起的群体地理隔离与二次接触是导致指纹蛤两个单倍型类群形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内模拟实验研究了氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性的影响.结果表明,培养7 d后,在氟苯尼考的作用下,菲律宾蛤仔内脏团和肌肉组织的SOD,CAT,POD和GR的活性都发生了变化.低质量比氟苯尼考对SOD,CAT和POD酶活性具有诱导作用,而在高质量比条件下则表现为抑制作用.不同质量比的氟苯尼考对菲律宾蛤仔内脏团和肌肉组织中的GR活性都有明显的抑制作用,且随着氟苯尼考质量比的增加抑制作用加强. 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔的生物扰动对沉积物颗粒垂直分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以化学稳定的荧光砂作为示踪颗粒 ,研究底栖双壳类软体动物菲律宾蛤仔对沉积物的扰动 ,探讨滤食性贝类通过生物扰动作用在水层—底栖耦合过程中的作用。实验表明 ,在整个实验周期 ( 15天 )内 ,表层示踪砂有 2 8.2 %悬浮进入水体 ,3 6.1%由表层垂直向下迁移 ,垂直迁移率为 1.65× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1;沉积物 8cm深处示踪砂分别有 2 7.0 %向上和12 .6%向下迁移 ,迁移率分别为 1.5 2× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1和 0 .61× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1。个体大小和摄食状态均对蛤仔的扰动作用有影响 :个体增大 ,表层示踪砂悬浮进入水体的量增加 ,以单位湿重表示的迁移率降低 ,但均无显著性差异 ;投饵组大于无饵组 ,除 8cm深处小蛤的垂直上移率外 ,其它无显著性差异。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献