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随着海上风电技术的快速发展,海上风电逐渐由浅海走向深海,海上风电基础结构型式将逐渐由固定式发展到漂浮式。在浮式风电结构的模型实验中,风机载荷的模拟是保证实验效果的重要因素。针对浮式风电结构模型实验中风机载荷的模拟问题,提出了一种新型的基于气流喷射、利用气流反作用力模拟风机载荷的实验方法并进行了初步验证。通过标定得到气流控制信号与反作用力的关系,将数值模拟得到的原型风机载荷时程转换为相应的控制信号,同时针对实验装置对气流变化的响应特性,对控制信号进行频域和时域修正,驱动气流喷射以模拟风机作用力和力矩。经过实验验证,载荷模拟装置产生的载荷在时域和频域上都能与模型实验所需风机载荷保持较好的一致性,证明该方法可行。 相似文献
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风机基础作为海上风机整体结构的重要组成部分,承受着上部风机所受到的风浪流荷载,并且对风机的安全性及可靠性至关重要。吸力式桶形基础由于其安装简单和可重复利用等优点,在海洋平台基础中得到了广泛应用,并逐步应用于海上风机基础中。但由于海上风机与海洋平台在海洋环境中的荷载工况有一定的差别,仍需要通过对其承载特性研究现状进行全面认识,以实现吸力式桶形基础在海上风机基础中的可靠应用。文中通过总结和评价现有研究对桶形基础在不同土体条件以及荷载条件下进行试验及数值模拟分析得到的研究结果,综述了静荷载和循环荷载作用下砂土和黏土中的吸力式桶形基础的承载特性研究现状,以及海上风机吸力式桶形基础的相关研究。文章展望了目前应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础仍缺乏的研究,为海上风机吸力式桶形基础的可靠应用及后续研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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风机基础作为海上风机整体结构的重要部分，承受着上部风机所受到的风浪流荷载，并且对风机的安全性及可靠性至关重要。吸力式桶形基础由于其安装简单和可重复利用等优点，在海洋平台基础中得到了广泛应用，并逐步被应用于海上风机基础中。但由于海上风机与海洋平台在海洋环境中的荷载工况有一定的差别，仍需要通过对其承载特性研究现状进行全面认识，以实现吸力式桶形基础在海上风机基础中的可靠应用。本文通过总结和评价现有研究对桶形基础在不同土体条件以及荷载条件下进行试验及数值模拟分析得到的研究结果，综述了静荷载和循环荷载作用下砂土和黏土中的吸力式桶形基础的承载特性研究现状，以及海上风机吸力式桶形基础的相关研究。文章展望了目前应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础仍缺乏的研究，为海上风机吸力式桶形基础的可靠应用及后续研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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为了满足海上风力开发的深海化、专业化、大型化的需求,解决因海上气候恶劣、有效工作时间短而导致的工作效率低的问题,吸取常规风车安装船和半潜式平台的优点,基于漂浮式基础风车设备,设计一种新型半潜式风车安装平台。充分考虑运输安装一体化的作业形式和经济性、安全性的要求对安装平台总布置、吃水、抗横倾系统、推进装置、主尺度等进行设计并提出风机运输吊装方案。总体布置方案初步满足设计思想,可实现多台风机组整体运输安装,可独立完成海上风电机组的运输、吊装和维护等工作任务,能适合深海漂浮式基础风机海上风电场建设需要。 相似文献
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漂浮式风电平台在波浪中的摇晃运动会导致塔架根部产生很大的弯矩,极大地威胁平台结构安全。同时流体的附连水质量效应对平台塔架结构的动响应有着较为显著的影响,因此充分考虑这种流固耦合效应有利于更加准确地评估平台塔架的结构动响应。采用三维频域线性水弹性方法计算塔架在流体作用下的结构共振频率特征以及各阶模态振动的主坐标响应特性,然后通过弹性模态叠加法获得塔架的弯矩载荷。并结合概率学手段,预报了短期极限海况下塔架弯曲载荷响应,为新一代漂浮式风电平台结构安全性评估和方案设计提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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叶片桨距角之间的角度差异产生的空气动力失衡是海上风机的主要动力问题之一。基于海上风机分析程序FAST和水动力计算程序WADAM开发的一种时域数值模拟程序,可计算海上风机系统在风浪载荷作用下的耦合动力响应。应用此数值工具,模拟一个叶片上变桨控制系统失效的情况,研究空气动力失衡对浮式海上风机系统运动响应的影响。分析表明,空气动力载荷失衡引起的激振不仅激发了浮式基础的横向运动,而且增大了基础的纵荡运动和首摇运动。同时,空气动力失衡还大幅增加了风机塔柱底部受到的横向剪切力,对风机系统的安全性造成了威胁。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
针对海上风电结构,研究了环境激励下海上风电结构的模态参数识别问题。采用了一种时域联合算法:自然激励法(Natural Excitation Technique,简称NExT)和多参考点复指数法(Polyreference Complex Exponential,简称PRCE)的结合(简称NExT/PRCE方法)对海上风电结构的模态参数进行识别。对某三脚架式海上风电结构进行数值模拟,考虑了风电结构的实际操作工况,对结构施加了随机波浪荷载和风机载荷。利用动力响应数据进行了环境激励下风电整体结构模态参数识别,采用了稳定图与模态置信准则进行了虚假模态的剔除,并分析了NExT中参考通道选取对于模态参数识别效果的影响。通过与有限元模型模态参数比较,验证了NExT/PRCE方法对于风电结构参数识别的有效性。 相似文献
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唐山乐亭菩提岛海上风电场300MW 示范工程是河北省重点建设项目,也是北方第一个海上风电场,风电场共75台西门子4MW 风机,中交第三航务工程局有限公司先后投入了“三航风华”、“三航工5”、“港航平9”等大型海上风电安装船。为了提高风机吊装施工效率,降低船机设备成本,设计研发了一种新型塔筒翻转装置,并首次应用于“港航平9”自升式平台船上,取得了成功。文章着重分析探讨了塔筒翻转装置在北方第一个海上风电场上的应用方法与总结,为后续海上风电施工提供了借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲海上风机新型吸力锚基础型式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海上风力发电是未来风电产业的主要趋势,黄河三角洲沿海滩涂地带风能蕴藏量丰富,多为风能富集型,具有很大的开发潜力。但水下黄河三角洲地域条件复杂,广泛发育着不稳定地形地貌,加上波浪荷载和风荷载的联合作用,极易引起海床土体侵蚀液化,直接影响海上风机基础的安全稳定性。在分析了现有海上风电风机基础的优缺点后,针对现有风机基础存在的弊端,提出了一种新型伞式吸力锚基础,并对其结构优势和安装方法做了说明,该新型吸力锚基础独特的结构设计在黄河三角洲地区风电开发中具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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In order to account for rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, a nonlinear rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is proposed in this paper. The proposed nonlinear coupled model takes the higher-order axial displacements into account, which are usually neglected in the conventional linear dynamic model. Subsequently,investigations on the dynamic differences between the proposed nonlinear dynamic model and the linear one are conducted. The results demonstrate that the stiffness of the turbine blades in the proposed nonlinear dynamic model increases with larger overall motions but that in the linear dynamic model declines with larger overall motions.Deformation of the blades in the nonlinear dynamic model is more reasonable than that in the linear model as well.Additionally, more distinct coupling effects are observed in the proposed nonlinear model than those in the linear model. Finally, it shows that the aerodynamic loads, the structural loads and global dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines using the nonlinear dynamic model are slightly smaller than those using the linear dynamic model. In summary, compared with the conventional linear dynamic model, the proposed nonlinear coupling dynamic model is a higher-order dynamic model in consideration of the rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, and accord more perfectly with the engineering facts. 相似文献
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Fixed offshore wind turbines usually have large underwater supporting structures.The fluid influences the dynamic characteristics of the structure system.The dynamic model of a 5-MW tripod offshore wind turbine considering the pile–soil system and fluid structure interaction(FSI) is established,and the structural modes in air and in water are obtained by use of ANSYS.By comparing low-order natural frequencies and mode shapes,the influence of sea water on the free vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine is analyzed.On basis of the above work,seismic responses under excitation by El-Centro waves are calculated by the time-history analysis method.The results reveal that the dynamic responses such as the lateral displacement of the foundation and the section bending moment of the tubular piles increase substantially under the influence of the added-mass and hydrodynamic pressure of sea water.The method and conclusions presented in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for structure design and analysis of offshore wind turbines fixed in deep seawater. 相似文献
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Fixed offshore wind turbines usually have large underwater supporting structures. The fluid influences the dynamic characteristics of the structure system. The dynamic model of a 5-MW tripod offshore wind turbine considering the pile–soil system and fluid structure interaction (FSI) is established, and the structural modes in air and in water are obtained by use of ANSYS. By comparing low-order natural frequencies and mode shapes, the influence of sea water on the free vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine is analyzed. On basis of the above work, seismic responses under excitation by El-Centro waves are calculated by the time-history analysis method. The results reveal that the dynamic responses such as the lateral displacement of the foundation and the section bending moment of the tubular piles increase substantially under the influence of the added-mass and hydrodynamic pressure of sea water. The method and conclusions presented in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for structure design and analysis of offshore wind turbines fixed in deep seawater. 相似文献
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对于海上浮式风机而言,由于受到剪切风、塔影效应、浮式基础运动等因素的共同影响,其气动载荷会更加复杂,因此如何准确快速地对海上风力机的气动性能进行预估显得尤为重要。基于速度势的非定常面元法理论,研究海上浮式风机气动载荷特性,编制了相关的计算程序。以NREL 5 MW风机为例,建立了叶片和尾流的三维数值模型,计算得到了不同风速下风机的输出功率以及叶片表面的压力分布,对比数据结果分析了该方法的可靠性。针对非定常流动,模拟了剪切风和塔影效应的作用,并重点分析了浮式基础运动对风机气动载荷的影响。研究表明,浮式基础的纵荡和纵摇会增加输出功率的波动幅值,艏摇运动会导致单个叶片上的气动载荷产生较大的波动,为浮式风机叶片控制提供了参考。 相似文献
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AbstractPile foundation is the most popular option for the foundation of offshore wind turbines. The degradation of stiffness and bearing capacity of pile foundation induced by cyclic loading will be harmful for structure safety. In this article, a modified undrained elastic–plastic model considering the cyclic degradation of clay soil is proposed, and a simplified calculation method (SCM) based on shear displacement method is presented to calculate the axial degradated capacity of a single pile foundation for offshore wind turbines resisting cyclic loadings. The conception of plastic zone thickness Rp is introduced to obtain the function between accumulated plastic strain and displacement of soil around pile side. The axial ultimate capacity of single piles under axial cyclic loading calculated by this simplified analysis have a good consistency with the results from the finite element analysis, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of this method. As an instance, the behavior of pile foundation of an offshore wind farm under cyclic load is studied using the proposed numerical method and SCM. This simplified method may provide valuable reference for engineering design. 相似文献
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借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。 相似文献
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为加强对海上风电项目的用海管理,规范海上风电产业的用海活动,促进海域空间资源的科学合理开发利用,文章采用海上风电用海权属、风机遥感影像解译和海上风电用海项目核查的数据,以2016年年底为时间节点,对江苏省海上风电用海项目的确权管理、疑似疑点疑区、项目承担企业和项目运营情况进行调查,并根据调查结果提出存在的问题和建议。研究结果表明:江苏省共确权海上风电用海项目44个,已建设40个,总建设面积为6 712.91hm~2;疑似疑点疑区海上风电用海项目有26个;项目承担企业主要包括华能国际电力股份有限公司等;已建成投产并网的海上风电用海项目有29个,总投资额近293亿元,年发电量约50kW·h,年产出额近34亿元;目前海上风电用海项目主要存在未取得海域证、部分风机偏离原批复界址范围和规划布局不合理的问题,未来应坚持保护优先和适度开发原则、规范项目管理、优化规划布局以及加强动态监测。 相似文献
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The asymmetric or periodically varying blade loads resulted by wind shear become more significant as the blade length is increased to capture more wind power. Additionally, compared with the onshore wind turbines, their offshore counterparts are subjected to additional wave loadings in addition to wind loadings within their lifetime. Therefore, vibration control and fatigue load mitigation are crucial for safe operation of large-scale offshore wind turbines. In view of this, a multi-body model of an offshore bottom-fixed wind turbine including a detailed drivetrain is established in this paper. Then, an individual pitch controller (IPC) is designed using disturbance accommodating control. State feedback is used to add damping in flexible modes of concern, and a state estimator is designed to predict unmeasured signals. Continued, a coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic model is constructed. Based on this coupled model, the load reduction effect of IPC and the dynamic responses of the drivetrain are investigated. The results showed that the designed IPC can effectively reduce the structural loads of the wind turbine while stabilizing the turbine power output. Moreover, it is found that the drivetrain dynamic responses are improved under IPC.
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