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受大气环流影响和地形作用，冬季呼市地面流场主要呈地方环流特征，风速小、静风频率高，不利于大气中污染物的稀释和扩散。而下垫面的局地作用是形成呼市地方环流的关键影响因子。 相似文献
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利用复杂地形上的三维雾模式研究了重庆市冬季局地环流的形成，演变过程及其主要特征。结果表明，重庆市冬季夜间四周山区有下坡冷空气向市中区汇集，中午前后逐渐向谷风环流转变。这种局地环流结构以重庆雾的生消起着重要作用。 相似文献
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大理苍山—洱海局地环流的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用耦合了湖泊模型的WRF_CLM模式模拟了秋季大理苍山—洱海地区的局地环流特征。结果表明:模式对近地面温度、风向、风速的模拟与观测基本一致,模拟结果能较好地再现该地区山谷风和湖陆风相互作用的局地环流特征。在秋季,大理苍山的谷风起止时间为08:00~17:00(北京时,下同),湖风起止时间为09:00~19:00。局地环流受高山地形及洱海湖面影响明显,山谷风形成早于湖陆风1 h,夜间山风、陆风强盛于白天谷风、湖风。白天苍山谷风与洱海湖风的叠加作用会驱动谷风到达2600 m的高度,而傍晚最先形成的苍山山风则会减弱洱海的湖风环流。夜间盆地南部在两侧山风、陆风的共同作用下,形成稳定而持续的气旋式环流。日出以后,对流边界层迅速发展,边界层高度逐渐增高。陆地17:00温度达到最高,边界层高度也达到峰值2000 m,之后逐渐降低。日落后形成稳定边界层,边界层高度在夜间基本保持在100 m。相对于陆地,湖面白天边界层高度低300 m,夜间边界层高度高100 m。 相似文献
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设计了运用地形追随坐标系处理复杂下垫面上三维流场的方法，对重庆市区冬季晴天的局地环流结构进行了客观分析。结果指出，夜间四周山区有下坡冷空气向市中区汇集，午后逐渐转为谷风环流。这种局地环流结构对重庆雾的生消与污染物分布起着重要作用。 相似文献
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珠穆朗玛峰北坡局地环流日变化的观测研究 总被引：5，自引：14，他引：5
青藏高原地-气间的物质/能量交换是高原与全球大气系统相联系的重要纽带.陡峭的地形和强烈的地表差异在高原山区形成特殊的局地大气环流系统,在地气交换中起着重要作用.为研究珠峰北坡的局地环流系统,于2006年5～6月间在珠峰北坡绒布河谷实施强化观测实验HEST2006,对该地区的局地环流以及辐射和热力状况进行观测,分析了该地区局地环流的日变化过程,包括:(1)地面风场的分布和变化;(2)风场垂直结构;(3)垂直运动及可能的驱动机制.研究表明,该地区局地大气环流是由地形与地表状态调整的大气辐射加热和冷却所驱动,包含多种不同的山地环流成分,与典型山谷风环流不同,具有很强的特殊性,对地气问的交换有重要影响. 相似文献
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简析风与城市工业企业合理布局的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风场特征决定着污染物的输送方向，风向、风速不同，污染物的输送方向和稀释程度也不同。布局城市工业企业要充分考虑区域的输送特征，首先是城市的风场特征，包括局地环流的影响。本文依据太原市、临汾市风的特征，分析了太原市污染的主要原因，以及临汾金尧焦化项目安全边界的确定，并简要分析了局地环流及热岛以城市布局的影响。 相似文献
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本文建立了一个二维定常大气中尺度数值模式，并用该模式讨论了由下垫面粗糙分布非均匀（局地动力强迫）和温度分布非均匀（局地热力强迫）而产生的局地大气环流与大气边界层湍流的相互作用。结果指出：下垫面存在温度分布非均匀时运动方程中的湍流交换项与水平气压梯项一样可促使局地热力环境的形成，由粗糙度分布非均匀强迫产生的局地环流与由下垫面温度分布非均匀强迫产和的局地热力环流间的非线笥相互作用是通过湍流交换实现的。 相似文献
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北京地区局地环流观测分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
应用2008—2015年逐时自动气象站观测资料,分析了北京地区局地风场的分布特点及季节性变化。结果表明:(1)北京地区局地风场受山谷风和城市热岛环流的共同影响,风速主要沿地形梯度分布。西部、北部高海拔山地风速较大,平原地带风速相对较小。平均而言,东西方向的局地风强度约为0.16m·s~(-1),南北方向的局地风强度约为0.07m·s~(-1)。(2)局地风速在季节分布上以夏季为最大,冬季为最小。其日变化为双峰型结构,于每日09及16时左右达到峰值区。(3)局地风速的u、v分量在正(负)距平的维持时长、日振幅值上存在较明显的差异。低层风场在午后到前半夜以东南风为主,后半夜开始到正午前则以西北风为主。 相似文献
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利用淮河下游盐城市多普勒天气雷达和雷达扫描范围内建湖县降水量资料,对2008年6月的6次小时内三等级降水过程进行环流背景和局地雷达信息特征分析,其中对不同等级降水又给出夜雨及午后雨降水日变化分类。在环流背景基础上,通过综合分析对应各级各类降水的多普勒天气雷达降水回波的滤波强度分布特征,以及相应时空的雷达径向风场沿体扫倾斜面的分布结构,归纳出小时内降水量级的动力信息特征。在两类主导性天气尺度环流背景下,局地雷达要素空间分布特征为：同等量级降水,夜间的平均回波强度明显弱于白天;上游补充回波范围指示降水连续性质;上游长而强的回波带支持下一小时短时强降水;沿经建湖的局地雷达倾斜体扫半径剖面, 径向风的风向风速辐合中心的高度越低,辐合层次越宽厚,对应的降水级别越大;在同等降雨量级中,沿倾斜的体扫半径的局地风速强切变,通过上下动量传递和水汽混合,维持着更强的降水。 相似文献
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE MESOSCALE WIND STRUCTURE OVER SHANDONG PENINSULA 
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下载免费PDF全文 General features of 3-dimensional mesoscale wind and temperature structure over ShandongPeninsula are described in this paper.Results are achieved by numerical simulation with the 3-dimensional non-hydrostatic mesoscale model METRAS.For the onset and cessation time of sea-land breezes,the simulation results agree well with the statistical analyses of observational dataavailable for the studied area.One interesting result is the 3 hour response time of wind field to thethermal change.Further statistic analysis based on the observational data is needed to make sure ofthis correlation.Important effects of coastal mountains on the wind structure are also exposed indetail by the model.Convergence and divergence centers resulting from the conjunction of sea-landbreezes and complex terrain are clearly shown,which are not noticed before by conventionalsynoptic observation and theoretical analysis. 相似文献
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香港地区海陆风的显式模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用MM5模式对香港地区的海陆风进行了显式数值研究,模拟的风向、风速和温度与站点的观测值比较一致,较详细地分析了海陆风的日变化规律和三维结构特征,结果显示香港地区海风分布复杂,主要受偏西、偏南和偏东海风气流的影响,形成多个辐合带,海风锋最远可以深入内陆约90 km;陆风较简单,主要是偏北气流,陆风的风速和强度都比海风要弱,与山谷风、城市热岛环流等形成弱的辐合。香港是一个海岸曲折、多丘陵的地区,其中75%的面积是山区,为了研究这些丘陵地形对香港地区海陆风的影响,设计了保留海陆分布,去掉丘陵地形的敏感性试验,结果表明,由于丘陵地形的存在,在白天地形的热力作用是主要的,增强了海风的强度;而晚上动力阻挡作用比较明显,减弱了陆风的强度。 相似文献
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Aude Lemonsu Sophie Bastin Valéry Masson Philippe Drobinski 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(3):477-501
During the UBL-ESCOMPTE program (June–July 2001), intensive observations were performed in Marseille (France). In particular, a Doppler lidar, located in the north of the city, provided radial velocity measurements on a 6-km radius area in the lowest 3 km of the troposphere. Thus, it is well adapted to document the vertical structure of the atmosphere above complex terrain, notably in Marseille, which is bordered by the Mediterranean sea and framed by numerous massifs. The present study focuses on the last day of the intensive observation period 2 (26 June 2001), which is characterized by a weak synoptic pressure gradient favouring the development of thermal circulations. Under such conditions, a complex stratification of the atmosphere is observed. Three-dimensional numerical simulations, with the Méso-NH atmospheric model including the town energy balance (TEB) urban parameterization, are conducted over south-eastern France. A complete evaluation of the model outputs was already performed at both regional and city scales. Here, the 250-m resolution outputs describing the vertical structure of the atmosphere above the Marseille area are compared to the Doppler lidar data, for which the spatial resolution is comparable. This joint analysis underscores the consistency between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observed by the Doppler lidar and that modelled by Méso-NH. The observations and simulations reveal the presence of a shallow sea breeze (SSB) superimposed on a deep sea breeze (DSB) above Marseille during daytime. Because of the step-like shape of the Marseille coastline, the SSB is organized in two branches of different directions, which converge above the city centre. The analysis of the 250-m wind fields shows evidence of the role of the local topography on the local dynamics. Indeed, the topography tends to reinforce the SSB while it weakens the DSB. The ABL is directly affected by the different sea-breeze circulations, while the urban effects appear to be negligible. 相似文献
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Meteorological conditions, particularly the vertical wind field structure, have a direct influence on the PM2.5 concentrations over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In October 2012, an exceptional air pollution event occurred in the PRD, and a high concentration of PM2.5 was registered at some stations. During days with PM2.5 air pollution, the wind speed was less than 3 m s-1 at the surface, and the vertical wind field featured a weak wind layer (WWL) with a thickness of approximately 1000 m. The mean atmospheric boundary layer height was less than 500 m during pollution days, but it was greater than 1400 m during non-pollution days. A strong negative correlation was detected between the PM2.5 concentration and the ventilation index (VI). The VI was less than 2000 m2 s?1 during PM2.5 air pollution days. Because of the weak wind, sea–land breezes occurred frequently, the recirculation factor (RF) values were small at a height of 800 m during pollution days, and the zones with the lowest RF values always occurred between the heights of 300 and 600 m. The RF values during PM2.5 pollution days were approximately 0.4 to 0.6 below a height of 800 m, reducing the transportation capacity of the wind field to only 40% to 60%. The RF and wind profile characteristics indicated that sea–land breezes were highly important in the accumulation of PM2.5 air pollution in the PRD. The sea breezes may transport pollutants back inland and may result in the peak PM2.5 concentrations at night. 相似文献
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登陆中国热带气旋入海强度变化的统计特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用1949—2006年热带气旋资料分析登陆中国又入海的热带气旋(LSTC)的强度变化,重点给出明显加强的LSTC(RLSTC)发生频率、时空分布、路径及强度演变特征。主要结论:(1)LSTC入海有24%加强,主要在我国海域,也有少部分进入朝鲜海峡、日本海和鄂霍次克海加强;登陆大陆入海加强的比率明显高于登陆台湾或登陆海南的比率。(2)RLSTC年平均有0.7个,逐年代减少,8月最多。(3)中心最低气压和最大风速加强最强的月份分别在8月和10月、加强最强的海域分别在南海和东黄海。(4)登陆时强度为强热带风暴的最多;其路径除了移向稳定者外,在南海和北部湾还有迂回盘转式。(5)明显加强主要发生在入海时刻,很少持续明显加强。进入东黄海的RLSTC以最大风速先于中心气压变化或仅有风速加强的情况居多,进入南海、北部湾入海后的风速、气压基本同步加强,迂回路径可在入海后72～132小时还会加强。 相似文献
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Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sea surface wind in Guangdong''s coastal areas were analyzed with data from four offshore observational stations between 2012 and 2015. The results are shown as follows: (1) The probability distribution of wind speed was basically consistent with Gaussian distribution characteristics; winds of Beaufort force 6 or higher were observed mainly in far offshore stations from October to March. (2) The probability distribution of wind direction was represented well by Weibull distribution. The deviation of wind direction of far station was relatively small for it was mainly controlled by monsoon over the South China Sea, while the near offshore station had a relatively large diurnal variation because of the influence of local synoptic systems such as sea-land breeze. (3) There were significant seasonal differences in wind speed and direction observed by different offshore observational stations. In strong wind seasons, the deviation of wind direction was relatively small while the deviation of wind speed was relatively large, and vice versa. In contrast with Class I station, the other three stations exhibited approximately normal distribution of wind direction and wind speed deviations. (4) Wind direction diurnal variation was moderate in windy periods, while it was obvious in relatively lower speed conditions. The deviation of wind speed in windy periods was generally greater because it was influenced by mesoscale weather systems for 10-20 h, and the influence was complicated, resulting in greater local differences in wind speed. 相似文献
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热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度评估指标研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
整理了1949—2008年311例热带气旋影响浙江时各气象站的风雨资料、海洋观测站风暴潮资料、灾情资料等，用典型相关分析、历史灾情反演等方法建立了反映热带气旋致灾因子(风、雨、风暴潮)综合影响强度和影响范围的评估模型与等级指标。研究结果将浙江热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度分为5级，1级最强。根据评估模型与指标对311个热带气旋进行了等级评价，并分析了各等级影响强度出现频率的空间分布特征。研究表明，1～5级影响热带气旋都有可能给浙江省带来损失，特重灾情一般由1级影响热带气旋造成，2级影响热带气旋带来的灾情也很严重，年均1.1个热带气旋的综合强度在3级以上，有可能带来较严重灾情；全省各地受热带气旋影响的强度自东而西递减，其中1级(特强)影响区域主要在东部沿海地区。 相似文献