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苯并(a)芘、芘及其混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在实验生态条件下,观察苯并(a)芘、芘及其等浓度混合物暴露对梭鱼(Mugil so-iuy)肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。结果显示,在7d的暴露中,苯并(a)芘、芘对肝脏GST活性的影响主要为诱导效应,芘对GST活性的诱导比苯并(a)芘强。混合物在15d的暴露中未观察到GST活性的诱导,而是在暴露的后期出现GST活性的抑制。实验表明,肝脏GST活性的诱导指示受到PAHs污染胁迫,而GST活性抑制则是受到较长时间或较严重的污染。 相似文献
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运用GC—MS的方法和荧光分光光度法，研究鲈鱼分别暴露于0．1、1．0和10．0μg／dm^3质量浓度芘溶液中7d，水体中芘及其鲈鱼胆汁中芘和1-羟基芘含量的变化,实验结果显示：(1)鲈鱼对水体中的芘具有非常显著的去除作用。(2)随着芘暴露浓度的增大，鲈鱼对芘的代谢去除作用增强。(3)随着暴露时间的延长和芘暴露浓度的增大，胆汁的1-羟基芘浓度递增。(4)鲈鱼胆汁具有较高的芘浓度，对海水中的芘具有较强的富集作用。(5)鲈鱼胆汁的1-羟基芘及芘的浓度与水体芘浓度均具有很好的相关性，对于指示水体的芘污染程度具有一致性；可作为指示水体芘污染程度的生物标志物。 相似文献
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本文以青岛大扁藻 (Platymonassubcordiformis) ,球等鞭金藻 870 1 (Isochrysis galbana870 1 )为试验材料 ,采用水生毒理联合效应指数法 ,比较了 3种多环芳烃 ,蒽 (anthracene) ,并 [a]芘 (benzo[a] pyrene)及 1 ,2 -苯并蒽 (1 ,2 - benzonthracene)单剂和混剂对青岛大扁藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1的急性毒性和联合毒性。实验结果表明 :对青岛大扁藻 ,胁迫 72 h,蒽与苯并 [a]芘的联合及苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,蒽与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合及蒽 ,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为拮抗作用。对球等鞭金藻 870 1胁迫 72 h,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,其它联合均为拮抗作用。 相似文献
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本实验采用雄性褐菖鲉作为实验对象,腹腔注射0.5×10-6、1×10-6、5×10-6、10×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,7d后苯并[a]芘处理组精巢睾酮水平和睾酮与17β-雌二醇的比值都有上升,但都未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05).腹腔注射50×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,11d后取出精巢,常规石蜡切片,结果显示雄性褐菖鲉的精巢,精小叶腔和输出管中精子密集程度明显增加,次级精母细胞减少,精巢壁厚度变薄.结果提示,苯并[a]芘对褐菖鲉具有类雄激素效应. 相似文献
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新月菱形藻 ,球等鞭金藻 870 1和亚心形扁藻 ,分别用不同浓度的蒽和苯并 [a]芘胁迫72 h,测定三种藻的生长速率 ,叶绿素 a含量。实验表明 ,三种微藻对蒽的敏感性由高到低依次为新月菱形藻、球等鞭金藻 870 1和亚心形扁藻 ,它们 72 h的半抑制浓度 EC50 分别是 0 .0 6 0 mg/L、0 .0 6 5mg/L和 0 .0 94 mg/L。而对苯并 [a]芘的敏感性由高到低依次为亚心形扁藻、新月菱形藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1,它们的 72 h· EC50 分别是 0 .0 76 mg/L、0 .0 88mg/L 和 >0 .10 mg/L(在本实验范围内未测到 )。叶绿素 a含量与各自的相对增长率呈一定的正相关。不同的海洋微藻对蒽和苯并 [a]芘的敏感性不同。 相似文献
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研究了黑鲷(Sparusmacro cephalus)在实验生态条件下暴露于不同浓度苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)后,肝脏乙氧基异吩噁唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)活性在不同暴露时相的动力学变化情况.EROD活性采用动力学方法测定.实验结果表明,暴露于较低质量浓度BaP(0.5,1.0μg/L)黑鲷肝脏的EROD活性在2 d后极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),2.0μg/L组则在2 h后极显著高于对照组,并且随暴露时间的延长,诱导程度表现出不同的下降趋势,而暴露于高质量浓度组(5.0 μg/L)的肝脏EROD活性极显著性诱导出现在12h.总体上较高质量浓度组(2.0,5.0μg/L)EROD活性出现极显著性诱导的时间比低质量浓度组(0.5,1.0μg/L)早,诱导程度也比低质量浓度组的高.在净化实验中各暴露组肝脏EROD活性均下降,与空白对照组比较均没有显著性差异,说明试验浓度没有超出严重损伤肝脏自身恢复系统的范围,在此浓度范围内污染的鱼通过净化可清除BaP污染. 相似文献
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利用LevelⅢ逸度模型对苯并[a]芘在辽河口湿地大气、水体、土壤、沉积物和植物中的分布进行模拟,通过灵敏度分析确定了模型的关键参数,并对模拟结果进行验证,成功模拟了各相中苯并[a]芘浓度分布,并根据模拟结果计算了各相间的迁移通量。结果表明:大气、水体、土壤、沉积物和植物中苯并[a]芘的浓度分别为7.79×10-11、2.52×10-6、6.32×10-4、1.10×10-3和1.51×10-8 mol/m3,模型计算浓度与同期实测浓度吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性;土壤和沉积物是苯并[a]芘最主要的储库,占区域总量的94.0%;大气和水的平流输入是该区域苯并[a]芘的主要来源,占总输入量的99.3%,大气和水的平流输出是其损失的主要途径,占总输出量的92.8%;各相间迁移通量以水体向沉积物的迁移通量为最大,依次为沉积物向水体和大气向土壤的迁移。 相似文献
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海洋环境中微塑料和多环芳烃(PAHs)污染日益严重,以滤食动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,探讨了聚苯乙烯微塑料和芘单一及联合暴露对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性效应.分别采用两个聚苯乙烯微塑料粒径(0.3μm和6μm,20 μg/L)和两个芘浓度水平(10 μg/L和100μg/L)单独和联合暴露21d,测定其对菲律宾蛤仔生理活动(肥满度和摄食率)、免疫防御、氧化应激等相关生物标志物的影响.研究结果表明,除芘单一暴露组外,其余暴露组菲律宾蛤仔的摄食率与对照组相比都显著降低,但这两种污染物对菲律宾蛤仔的肥满度没有显著影响.微塑料和芘暴露均导致菲律宾蛤仔免疫功能受损,表现为血细胞凋亡率增加和吞噬活性被抑制;其中,在小粒径微塑料和高浓度芘存在的暴露组血细胞凋亡率均显著高于对照组,并且二者联合暴露组血细胞凋亡率最高;除大粒径微塑料暴露组外,各暴露组血细胞吞噬活性均显著低于对照组.菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶系统不能及时清除体内产生的自由基,导致机体出现氧化损伤现象,表现为抗氧化酶活性变化和丙二醛(MDA)含量升高.微塑料和芘联合暴露导致鳃组织谷胱甘肽疏基转移酶(GST)活性显著升高,消化腺组织过氧化氡酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低.综合生物标志物指数(IBR)结果显示,联合暴露对菲律宾蛤仔造成的胁迫压力高于单一暴露组. 相似文献
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为阐释不同浓度苯并（a）芘[B（a）P]对杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）的毒性效应,以0.02、0.04和0.08 mg/dm^33个质量浓度的B（a）P对杂色鲍进行水体暴露胁迫,7d后检测肌肉、外套膜、鳃、性腺、肾和肝胰腺的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量.结果显示：0.02 mg/dm^3的B（a）P暴露对杂色鲍抗氧化系统的影响不明显,而0.04、0.08 mg/dm^3的B（a）P则显著抑制了SOD、CAT和GPx酶活性以及GSH含量,同时对GST酶活性具有显著的诱导作用;实验还发现,不同组织抗氧化酶活性对B（a）P胁迫的敏感性响应存在较大差异,其中鳃、肾脏和肝胰腺的敏感性响应明显高于肌肉和外套膜.上述结果表明,苯并（a）芘暴露对杂色鲍抗氧化酶活性的影响具有明显的剂量-效应关系及组织差异性,杂色鲍的鳃、肾脏或者肝胰腺的抗氧化酶响应多环芳香烃胁迫的更敏感,可作为B（a）P污染的生物标志物. 相似文献
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Abstract-The effects on hepatic EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) in Mugil so-iuy exposedto benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene and their mixtures of equal concentration were investigated, at con-centrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0 μg/dm~3, in experimental condition. Time-effects and dose-response of the biochemical indexs were observed. The results showed that the hepatic EROD activitieswere induced by the exposure of BaP, pyrene and their mixtures at high concentration. Dose-responseconnections were that the hepatic EROD activities were elevated with increasing concentration of the pol-lutants. The combined effect of BaP and pyrene at 1:1 concentration ratio on hepatic EROD activity wasantagonism. 相似文献
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苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
在实验生态条件下，研究了在苯并（a)芘（BaP)胁迫下大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化，结果显示：暴露3d时，不同BaP含量组大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性无显著差异（P＞0．05），而暴露7d时，随着B aP含量的升高，0.5mg/dm^3 BaP含量组SOD活性被显著诱导（P＜0．05），为对照组的1．87倍；随着暴露时间的延长，各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势，其中对照组肝脏SOD活性显著降低，表明SOD活性易受污染以外的因素，如水体容量、铒料、光照等的影响。污染解除后，0.5mg/dm^3含量组SOD活性显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼肝脏仍具有较强的生理调节机能，也可能表明SOD活性的变化相对于环境因子改变的“迟滞性”。以上这些结果表明SOD有可能作为大弹涂鱼受BaP胁迫的生物指标。 相似文献
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Nigro M Frenzilli G Scarcelli V Gorbi S Regoli F 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):517-520
The ability of benzo[a]pyrene, Aroclor 1254, 2-3-7-8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone to induce DNA strand breaks (SB) and apoptosis in erythrocytes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was investigated following by in vivo exposure. DNA damage was evaluated by the Comet assay, while the diffusion assay was used to investigate the induction of apoptosis 7 days after a single intraperitoneal administration. 2-3-7-8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced the highest genotoxic effect, followed by benzo[a]pyrene, while the other two substances had limited effects. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed at the highest doses after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, when DNA damage was also elevated. The occurrence of apoptotic cells after exposure to Aroclor, 2-3-7-8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone was quite variable and did not show clear dose-related responses. The role of oxidative stress in mediating DNA damage was also discussed. 相似文献
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Rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were carried out to analyze the CYP4 gene expression in polychaete Marphysa sanguinea exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) in this study. The full length of MsCYP4 cDNA was 2 470 bp, and it encoded 512 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 47% identity with CYP4 F from frog Xenopus tropicalis and shared high homology with other known CYP4 sequences. To analyse the role of CYP4 in protecting M. sanguinea from BaP exposure, three BaP groups were established: 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L. Polychaetes were sampled after 3, 7 and 12 d. At 0.5 μg/L, the effect of BaP on MsCYP4 gene expression increased with time prolonged. MsCYP4 gene expression curve showed Ushaped trend with time in 5 and 50 μg/L BaP groups. Therefore, MsCYP4 gene may play an important role in maintaining the balance of cellular metabolism and protecting M. sanguinea from BaP toxicity. 相似文献
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G. Roesijadi S. Rezvankhah A. Perez-Matus A. Mitelberg K. Torruellas P.A. Van Veld 《Marine environmental research》2009,67(1):25-30
Fish were individually fed food pellets containing cadmium, benzo(a)pyrene, or a combination of the two, then analyzed for metallothionein mRNA expression in the intestine, liver, and gill using real-time RT-qPCR. An initial experiment using only cadmium showed that ingestion of pellets varied in individual fish, and estimates of cadmium dose from the numbers of ingested pellets indicated considerable individual variability in cadmium dose. Induction of intestinal metallothionein mRNA was apparent, however, and a linear dose–response relationship was observed for metallothionein expression and cadmium dose in the intestine, but not the other organs, which showed no induction. In a second experiment, the entire daily cadmium dose was provided in a single contaminated pellet that was consumed by all treated fish, effectively eliminating the effect of variable ingestion rates on dose, and the interaction between cadmium and benzo(a)pyrene was also investigated. The intestine was again the primary organ for metallothionein induction by cadmium. When benzo(a)pyrene was administered together with cadmium, induction of metallothionein was potentiated by the presence of benzo(a)pyrene, with the main effect seen in the intestine, where already high levels of induction by cadmium alone increased by 1.74-fold when benzo(a)pyrene was present. 相似文献
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Amagoia Gmez-Mendikute Ainhoa Etxeberria Igor Olabarrieta Miren P. Cajaraville 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)
Haemocytes play an essential role in the internal defence of molluscs. It has been reported that organic xenobiotics commonly found as pollutants in the marine environment impair defence capabilities of haemocytes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton and on endocytosis in haemocytes and to see if these effects are related to generation of reactive oxygen species. Haemocytes were exposed in vitro to B(a)P (0.5–40 μg/ml) for 1 h. Cell viability (using 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide or XTT assay) indicated that selected doses were sublethal. Uptake of neutral red was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in B(a)P-treated haemocytes. Distribution of actin filaments, labeled with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, was altered in haemocytes treated with 20 or 40 μg/ml B(a)P. These effects could be related to an increased production of superoxide anion during B(a)P metabolism, as detected by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay in haemocytes treated with 10 μg/ml B(a)P. 相似文献
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There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a greater hazard to aquatic organisms than previously demonstrated, due to their potential to cause photo-induced toxicity when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The consequences of photo-induced toxicity are reported here for embryo-larval stages of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, following exposure to pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. During laboratory investigations, significant increases in toxicity were observed in the presence of environmentally attainable levels of UV-radiation, compared with embryos exposed to PAH alone, at levels previously deemed to have little acute biological effect. The phototoxicity of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene completely inhibited the development to the D-shell larval stage when embryos were simultaneously exposed to 5 microg l(-1) PAH and ultraviolet light (UVB = 6.3 +/- 0.1 microW/cm2 and UVA = 456.2 +/- 55 microW/cm2). A linear relationship was also demonstrated for benzo[a]pyrene phototoxicity with decreasing UV light intensity. 相似文献
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Macoma inquinata, a detritus feeding clam, was exposed for 60 days to coarse-grained, and Abarenicola pacifica, a burrowing polychaete, to fine-grained, sediment. Each sediment contained 14-C-labelled phenanthrene, chrysene or benzo(a)pyrene. Over 70% of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene, but only 8% of the phenanthrene, remained in the coarse sediment during the exposure. Essentially all of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene and 70% of the phenanthrene remained in the fine sediment. The concentrations of chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene in the clams rose steadily, reaching levels 11·6 and 5·2 times as high as those in the sediment. The tissue phenanthrene concentration rose for 3 days, then fell to one-eighth of the initial concentration. The concentrations of each of the aromatic hydrocarbons in Abarenicola tissue increased for 2 weeks to four to six times the sediment levels. The tissue concentration of chrysene remained constant thereafter, but the levels of phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene fell to three-quarters of their peak values. No intermediate degradation products of any of the hydrocarbons were identified in extracts of sediment from either exposure system, or in solvent extracts of tissue or of tissue digestates.Significant 14C-activity, associated with non-solvent extractable compounds, remained in tissue digestates of individuals of both species exposed to phenanthrene. 相似文献