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1.
甘肃半干旱区天然降水是主要的水资源，而干旱区的水资源来自于南部祁连山以及阿尔金山的山区降水和冰雪融水.甘肃半干旱区在小麦生长需水关键期的5～6月，降水量离差系数大，农业生产易遭旱灾.河西干旱区出山径流较稳定，为灌溉农业的稳定提供了基础.甘肃半干旱地区的水资源持续开发利用应主要拦蓄大气降水，配合开发地下水，并合理规划利用地表水，其中雨水集流工程和旱作节水农业技术的推广政策和措施是关键.干旱区的水资源持续开发利用主要应通过水价调整来引导建立节水型经济结构和推广节水技术，政策支持重点领域是水资源的合理配置并完善绿洲资源保护与水源涵养林保护的法规体系 相似文献
2.
Cornelis Vanderpost 《GeoJournal》1995,35(4):521-529
The paper examines the significance of population change in environmental degradation with respect to specific resources use changes in the semi-arid Mid-Boteti region in Botswana.In Mid-Boteti, the combination of population change and new land-use practices which exclude traditional multiple communal resource use from large tracts of land, have led to the degradation of the remaining communal lands and a growing number of poor people who have lost access to cattle and to subsistence hunting and gathering.The loss of these resource use options has reduced the ability of the poor to cope with the environmental conditions, in particular with drought, making them not only dependent upon government drought relief programmes but also forcing them to over exploit free resources or to change to environmentally damaging practices such as goat husbandry and dry-land cultivation on marginal soils.When considering population-environment relationships it is crucial to take into account the socio-economic divisions in the society. For the rich there is often not clear link between population growth and environmental problems, because they have the possibility to reserve resources for their exclusive use. For the poor, however, there exists often a clear relation between population growth, reduced access to environmental resources due to exclusion and increased competition and resulting environmental problems which negatively affect their quality of life.Changes in population distribution as well as population growth were found to play a major role in increasing environmental problems related to expanding resource use in the Mid-Boteti region. But there are also other crucial role players such as increased use of technology under conditions of inappropriate management, commercialisation and growing poverty. It is the combination of population change and these factors which causes serious environmental problems. 相似文献
3.
生态植被与地下水关系研究是干旱半干旱地区地下水合理开发利用的基础。以植被空间分布和地下水埋深为基础资料,本文尝试提出大尺度生态植被与地下水关系半定量化分析的新方法——植被结构分析法,并以鄂尔多斯盆地内蒙古能源基地为例进行了示范研究。利用植被结构图分析法,可在定量研究生态植被与地下水关系基础上,统计分析地下水开发后生态植被出现演替的临界水位,并预测生态植被的整体演化趋势。 相似文献
4.
Abdullah R. A. Al-Kandari 《GeoJournal》1992,27(4):353-363
Conclusions As developing countries expand both agricultural and industrial activities over the coming decade, sensitive management of the limited available freshwater resources will become increasingly important. If their supplies consist solely of ground water, then some water deficit countries could end up by mining a non-renewable resource as it takes many thousands of years to replenish deep fossil groundwater stocks. Conservation and careful husbandry of existing stocks must therefore be carried out if the growing human populations of arid lands are to be protected from famine and poverty.The arid zones may provide more than sufficient food in a sustainable system despite the harsh natural conditions. In arid areas rainfall is low, biological cycling is limited by low soil moisture and evapotranspiration is high. The absence of leaching by infiltration results in a large active pool of nutrients and the addition of water by irrigation allows this potential fertility to be realised. Given the high insolation of desert lands and a man-made continuous water supply it is possible to obtain 2–4 crop harvest a year. However, the success of any future development is ultimately in the hands of the governments who control the management of water resources.Until recently pollution of the sea was relatively localised. It has now become a problem globally around coasts and even affects the open ocean. Enclosed and semi-enclosed seas are most vulnerable to degradation of their ecosystems and the Golf region has proved to be no exception to this, sensitivity exacerbated by weak currents and political instability leading to increasing oil pollution.The pollution in the Gulf is at its most harmful in the biologically diverse and productive areas around coastlines where pollution tends to concentrate and where human welfare is also most at risk. The outbreak of cholera and other waterborne disease in Iraq immediately following the Gulf war highlights the exceptional reliance people throughout the Gulf States must place of fresh water supplies. Continuing political instability in the region and its associated environmental damage will not, therefore, only threaten wildlife or fisheries but may threaten human welfare as water supplies are limited or decline in quality and industry, agriculture and health all suffer the consequences. 相似文献
5.
Emna Boughariou Moez Bahloul Ikram Jmal Nabila Allouche Jalila Makni Hafedh Khanfir Salem Bouri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(4):69
Shallow groundwater is one of the main water resources in the arid and semi-arid regions. However, it is threatened by not only the reduced rainfall and recharge capacity, but also the water table drawdown and seawater intrusion. Such factors could cause a deterioration of the water quality and consequently the loss of a valuable hydraulic resource. This study aimed to improve our knowledge on the groundwater chemical quality evolution of the Sfax shallow aquifer, one of the most vulnerable areas in Tunisia, by developing a geochemical study using statistical and numerical methods. Salinization was identified by factorial analysis, PCA, and hierarchical clustering analysis in addition to the numerical MODPATH model. These findings confirmed that the groundwater quality has deteriorated due to natural and anthropogenic processes with a different influence of mineralization factors. They also revealed the location of seawater intrusion by focusing on the most vulnerable areas which are Chaffar and Djbeniana. Methodologically, the use of MODPATH model for seawater intrusion determination might be considered as the backbone for future studies in Tunisian coastal aquifers. The numerical model supports the results obtained by the geochemical analysis. Both methods are valuable tools as they contribute to trend determinations, management, and recovery plans. 相似文献
6.
7.
冰川加剧消融对我国西北干旱区的影响及其适应对策 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
西北干旱区是我国生态最脆弱的地区之一, 也是国家安全和生态安全的核心区.冰川是西北干旱区的"固体水库", 高山冰雪融水一直是当地赖以生存和发展的重要水源, 是该地区独特的绿洲经济的命脉.在气候变暖的大背景下, 西北干旱区冰川加剧消融退缩, 冰川数量和规模均呈减少趋势.未来冰川将进一步萎缩, 冰川融水对河流补给将有显著变化.冰川加剧消融已严重影响到该地区水资源变化格局、 农业可持续发展和生态系统稳定, 对现有水资源管理与灾害防治等对策与措施提出巨大挑战.应采取从转变经济发展用水和管理理念, 到提高适应冰川消融的水利建设、 加强防灾与预测技术研究等方面的积极探索适应对策, 以应对气候变暖背景下冰川加剧消融给西北地区带来的挑战. 相似文献
8.
SADIKI Moulay Lhassan EL MANSOURI Bouabid BENSEDDIK Badr CHAO Jamal KILI Malika EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):224-236
In arid and semi-arid zones, water is the most vulnerable resource to climate change. In fact, various techniques such as artificial recharge are adopted to restore aquifers and to ensure aquifer sustainability in relation to the accelerated pace of exploitation. Morocco is a Mediterranean country highly vulnerable to climate change, many of its main aquifers are subjected to excessive drawdowns. This technique is practiced to increase potentiality of these aquifers. In the Northwestern area of Morocco, the significant development experienced by Tangier City in the industrial, tourism, and commercial sectors will lead to increased water requirements-up to 5 067 L/s (159.8 mm3) by 2030. However, the Charf El Akab aquifer system, subject to artificial recharge, is the only groundwater resource of Tangier region; hence, a rational management context is needed to ensure aquifer sustainability, and optimized exploitation under the background of differing constraints, such as increased water requirements, and climate change impacts. This work aims to respond, for the first time, to the Charf El Akab aquifer overexploitation problem, and to evaluate the future scenarios of its exploitation in the event of failure of one of the superficial resources. This work also presents a synthesized hydrodynamic modeling based on the results of the numerical simulations carried out using Feflow software for 2004 (date of cessation of injections) and 2011 (date of resumption of these facilities), making it possible to evaluate the impact of the artificial recharge on the piezometric level of the aquifer on a spatiotemporal scale. Finally, the exploitation scenarios have shown that the aquifer of Charf El Akab will not adequatly provide for the region's water requirements on the future horizon, entailing an optimal management of water resources in the region and an intentionally increased recharge rate. 相似文献
9.
Shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas causes water supply to be one of the most important subjects and major concerns within NGO and governments’ policies in recent years. The Shahrekord Plain aquifer system is located in a semi-arid area and acts as a key source of water supply. Groundwater management in this area is thus very important. Although change in the climatological factors is not possible, long-term fluctuation studies can help in managing the available water resources to overcome from drought or decrease its negative impact. The hydrodynamic study of the aquifer system coupled with the drought indices in each region can be useful in making decisions related to the hydro-ecosystem management of that region. In this article, hydrodynamics of the aquifer system of the Shahrekord Plain coupled with the ratio of P/PET as a drought index, are assessed on the long term. In Shahrekord Plain aquifer, there is a short-term seasonal fluctuation, which is increased by overexploitation during the dry season, when water is needed for irrigation. The hydrodynamic behavior of the plain aquifer on the long term is changing. This fluctuation at first is a function of time. Secondly, it is spatially dependent. Groundwater behavior is directly sensitive to the variation of drought index, both seasonally and on the long term. 相似文献
10.
Jaeil Cho Yang-Won Lee Pat J.-F. Yeh Kyung-Soo Han Shinjiro Kanae 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):3935-3944
Arid regions in Asia are commonly characterized by rapidly growing populations with limited land resources and varying rainfall frequencies under climatic change. Despite being one of the most important environmental challenges in Asia, the changing aridity in this region, particularly due to large-scale land cover change, has not been well documented. In this study, we used rainfall data and a new land heterogeneity index to identify recent trend in land cover changes in the Asian arid regions. The result indicates a significant decreasing trend of barren lands and an increasing trend of vegetated lands. Although the potential land cover change is commonly believed to be strongly sensitive to rainfall change, such sensitivity has not been observed during the nine-year period (2001–2009) analyzed. Through the analyses of two separate periods (2001–2005 and 2005–2009), the sensitivity of rainfall to land cover change in arid regions is found to be dependent on the initial spatial heterogeneity of vegetated land cover. The approach used and the findings in this study represent an important step toward better understanding of large-scale land cover change in the Asian arid regions, and have the potential to predict future land cover change under various climate change scenarios. 相似文献
11.
Information on use/land cover change is important for planners and decision makers to implement sustainable use and management of resources. This study was intended to assess the land use land cover (LULC) change in the Koga watershed. The MSS of 1973, TM images of 1986, 1995 and 2011 were used together with survey and demographic data to detect the drivers of land cover changes. The result revealed that a remarkable LULC change occurred in the study area for the past thirty eight years. The area of cultivated and settlement has increased by 7054.6 ha, while, grass and bush lands decreased by 4846.5 and 3376 ha respectively. Wetland also declined from 580.2 ha to 68.3 ha. The growing demand for cultivable land and fuel wood were the major causes to the deterioration of grass and bush lands. Hence, the appropriate land use policy should be employed to sustain available resource in the watershed. 相似文献
12.
Arid karst landscapes that have been degraded by human activities provide a challenge for rehabilitation and an opportunity
to test ideas about the stability and resilience of limestone ecosystems. The Nullarbor Plain is the largest arid karst area
in Australia (220 000 km2) and is divided into extensive closed karstic depressions separated by low rocky ridges, while the dominant vegetation is
chenopod shrubland. Since European settlement there has been considerable change in the vegetation, with significant reduction
in shrub and grass cover over large areas of the plain. These changes are related to a state and transition model of vegetation
dynamics which incorporates climatic variability, fire history and grazing pressure from sheep, kangaroos and rabbits. A partial
sediment budget using 137Cs inventories reveals local and regional patterns of soil redistribution within this arid karst landscape. Rehabilitation
of eroded soil in pastoral lands has been accomplished at several sites but is labour intensive and vulnerable to climatic
fluctuations. Given the low stock numbers, limited number of people involved, and poor economic returns, it would be sensible
to make pastoral activities on the Nullarbor secondary to conservation priorities. This would necessitate a change in land
ethic to stewardship, with emphasis on rehabilitation and control of feral animals. Management of increased numbers of visitors
to the caves and karst also requires that resource inventories and management plans for each area be drawn up and used.
Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995 相似文献
13.
The increased demands on water resources in northern China have had a significant impact on groundwater systems in the last three to four decades, including reductions in groundwater recharge capacity and overall water quality. These changes limit the potential for groundwater uses in this area. This paper discusses the issues surrounding groundwater system use in the eight basins of northern China as water resources have been developed. The results demonstrate that the recharge zone has shifted from the piedmont to the agricultural area, and that the total recharge rate in the basins tended to decrease. This decrease in arid inland basins was mainly caused by both the excessive use of water in the watershed area and irrigated channel anti-seepage. In semi-arid basins, the decrease observed in the groundwater recharge rate is related to an overall reduction in precipitation and increasing river impoundment. In addition, intensive exploitation of groundwater resources has resulted in disturbances to the groundwater flow regime in arid and semi-arid inland basins. Arid inland basins demonstrated fast falling groundwater levels in the piedmont plains resulting in declines of spring flow rates and movement of spring sites to lower locations. In the semi-arid basins, i.e. the North China Plain and the Song-nen Plain, groundwater depression cones developed and intersected regional groundwater flow. The semi-arid basins of the North China Plain and the Song-nen Plain have experienced significant hydrochemical evolution of groundwater characterized by changing water type including increase of TDS and pollutants. 相似文献
14.
SADIKI Moulay Lhassan EL MANSOURI Bouabid BENSEDDIK Badr CHAO Jamal KILI Malika EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine 《地下水科学与工程》2019,(3):224-236
In arid and semi-arid zones,water is the most vulnerable resource to climate change.In fact,various techniques such as artificial recharge are adopted to restore aquifers and to ensure aquifer sustainability in relation to the accelerated pace of exploitation.Morocco is a Mediterranean country highly vulnerable to climate change,many of its main aquifers are subjected to excessive drawdowns.This technique is practiced to increase potentiality of these aquifers.In the Northwestern area of Morocco,the significant development experienced by Tangier City in the industrial,tourism,and commercial sectors will lead to increased water requirements-up to 5 067 L/s(159.8 mm^3)by 2030.However,the Charf El Akab aquifer system,subject to artificial recharge,is the only groundwater resource of Tangier region;hence,a rational management context is needed to ensure aquifer sustainability,and optimized exploitation under the background of differing constraints,such as increased water requirements,and climate change impacts.This work aims to respond,for the first time,to the Charf El Akab aquifer overexploitation problem,and to evaluate the future scenarios of its exploitation in the event of failure of one of the superficial resources.This work also presents a synthesized hydrodynamic modeling based on the results of the numerical simulations carried out using Feflow software for 2004(date of cessation of injections)and 2011(date of resumption of these facilities),making it possible to evaluate the impact of the artificial recharge on the piezometric level of the aquifer on a spatiotemporal scale.Finally,the exploitation scenarios have shown that the aquifer of Charf El Akab will not adequatly provide for the region's water requirements on the future horizon,entailing an optimal management of water resources in the region and an intentionally increased recharge rate. 相似文献
15.
我国西部干旱-半干旱矿区既面临水资源匮乏,又面临矿井涌水量大、矿井水矿化度高等难题。为减少采煤过程中水资源浪费、保护西部地区水生态环境,基于保水采煤和煤-水双资源协调开采等理论基础与技术方法,围绕“矿井水深部转移存储”这一核心科学理念,提出将处理后的矿井水进行高压深井转移存储,转移至煤层底板深部含水层中存储。在鄂尔多斯盆地东部某矿实施试验井工程,通过开展野外岩样采集、室内电镜扫描、岩石成分分析、压汞等实验与定量-定性方法,研究目的转移存储层的水文地质条件和特征,分析不同高压水力压裂增渗试验主控因素,对比矿井水水质、转移存储层原生地层水水质和转移存储后混合水质,获取了矿井水高压持续深井转移存储的水文地质效应。结果表明:目前试验井单井累计转移存储矿井水量已满足设计预期,且持续高压水力压裂增渗方式可不断改善和渐次增强目的存储层的矿井水存储能力,延长服役时效。因此,高矿化度矿井水深部转移存储在技术和经济上具有可行性,将对西部地区水资源保护、水生态环境可持续发展产生重要意义;同时,相比高矿化度矿井水处理成本,能够有效缓解矿井水处理经济负担,为西部煤矿区矿井水转移存储提供典型示范。 相似文献
16.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):113-123
Regional aridity is increasing under global climate change, and therefore the sustainable use of water resources has drawn attention from scientists and the public. Land-use changes can have a significant impact on groundwater recharge in arid regions, and quantitative assessment of the impact is key to sustainable groundwater resources management. In this study, the changes of groundwater recharge after the conversion of natural lands to croplands were investigated and compared in inland and arid region, i.e., the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain. Stable isotopes suggest that soil water in topsoil (< 2 m) has experienced stronger evaporation under natural lands than croplands, and then moves downward as a piston flow. Recharge was estimated by the tracer-based mass balance method, i.e., chloride and sulfate. Recharge rates under natural conditions estimated by the chloride mass balance (CMB) method were estimated to be 0.07 mm/a in deserts and 0.4 mm/a in oases. In contrast, the estimated groundwater recharge ranged from 61.2 mm/a to 44.8 mm/a in croplands, indicating that groundwater recharge would increase significantly after land changes from natural lands to irrigated croplands in arid regions. Recharge estimated by the sulfate mass balance method is consistent with that from the CMB method, indicating that sulfate is also a good tracer capable of estimating groundwater recharge. 相似文献
17.
中国大陆面向生态的水资源管理与调控战略 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对1999年度中国大陆降水量、水资源量和供需水量的分析，理论上提出了潜在的水资源和现实的水资源两个概念，潜在的水资源是所有形式产水量的总和，现实的水资源是指具有利用价值的水资源，认为中国的水资源战略应着力于将潜在的水资源最大限度地转化为现实的水资源，但在西北干旱地区，如何使降水量最大限度地转化为潜在水资源也是一个重要的命题。在大陆范围内，潜在的水资源是丰富的，但现实的水资源不足，中国未来需水总量并不会有大的增加，但对水质的要求会有较大的提高。从面向生态的水资源管理观点出发，分析了从降水量到供需水量过程中一系列环节的调控途径和原理，指出了水资源宏观调控的技术和方法——植被调节、地表水水库调节、地下水水库调节和水体污染控制。针对我国各区域的具体特点，阐明了在不同区域水资源调控的主要目的和手段。 相似文献
18.
This paper summarizes the information on the geomorphology and physical resources component of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme. The research focuses on the issue of the environment in arid lands and aims to provide practical options for sustainable development, for the benefit not only of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan but for other arid regions of the world. The research is significantly development driven because there is a need to identify useable natural resources and establish a framework for their effective exploitation and management in a marginal, fragile environment, which is sensitive to change.Pressure for development of the Badia stems from the fact that the great majority of the population in Jordan is compressed into less than 10% of the country by environmental constraits. It is hoped that the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme will provide the required framework to ease current environmental pressures, encourage migration to the Badia, a sparsely populated region, and establish economically and ecologically self-supporting communities.This paper discusses the following areas that are related to the sustainable development of the Jordan Badia with special emphasis on the Safawi area in the Northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology including landform, processes and hazards, geology and physical resources, hydrology, surface water and water engineering, groundwater, soils and vegetation, sediment erosion and mobility and environmental management. 相似文献
19.
新疆属干旱半干旱区,水资源能否合理开发利用是新疆实现可持续发展的关键.以2007年新疆水资源利用数据为基础,对新疆各项水资源开发利用指标进行了分析,并采用集对分析法对新疆水资源的开发利用程度进行了评价,结论是新疆水资源利用现处于初级水平,但同时又表现出了一定的不协调性,主要为用水结构和管理的不协调,其中又以东疆和南疆较... 相似文献
20.
生物土壤结皮研究：进展、前沿与展望 总被引：43，自引：2，他引：41
生物土壤结皮是由隐花植物和相关土壤微小生物与表层土壤颗粒胶结而形成的复合体,与维管束植物覆盖一样,它是干旱区地表的重要覆盖类型(其盖度达40%)。生物土壤结皮是荒漠生态系统组成和地表景观的重要特征,在不同生物气候区的荒漠景观过程、土壤生态过程、土壤水文过程、土壤生物过程和地球化学循环过程,以及干旱半干旱地区生态修复过程中发挥着重要作用。关于生物土壤结皮的研究是地学和生物学学科交叉的前沿研究领域,已成为国际干旱区地表过程研究的重要核心科学问题之一。综述了国内外该领域最新研究进展,分析了研究的趋势,讨论了其前沿科学问题和未来研究的重点,以期促进我国生物土壤结皮的研究,加深对我国干旱半干旱区地表过程的认识。 相似文献