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基于MIKE 3开展了罗源湾的三维数值模拟,以流场和断面垂向流速阐释了罗源湾的潮流分布特征,计算了罗源湾的潮致余流场,采用拉格朗日粒子追踪法模拟了具有粒子特性的物质在湾内的运移并分析了粒子的运动规律,结合潮流和潮致余流特征讨论了罗源湾不同区域的物理自净能力。研究结果表明,罗源湾西北部、东北岸内凹处和内湾口处形成了余环流结构,湾内不同区域的物质分布与潮致余流结构有明显相关性,粒子在罗源湾西北部海域运移缓慢,而湾口及可门水道附近具有较好的自净能力。本研究为进一步探讨罗源湾污染物质分布机制提供了科学依据,为罗源湾的污染控制和环境保护提供了技术支撑,研究方法也为其他海湾的相关研究提供借鉴参考。 相似文献
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基于二维水动力模型,在仅考虑潮流作用条件下,通过计算欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流并结合粒子追踪方法研究了辽宁大连—朝鲜龙渊郡连线北侧的北黄海北部海域的潮余流结构和粒子运移的趋势。结果表明:欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速整体较小,呈现由南向北的流向,但在獐子岛及长山群岛的附近岛屿和朝鲜半岛沿岸的海域欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速较大。对比粒子追踪计算的结果与欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流的结果表明,流向与粒子运移路径基本一致。该海湾的余流及粒子运动规律特点对辽东半岛东岸及朝鲜半岛西侧海域的排污及污染控制有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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大亚湾海域物理自净能力的时空差异性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据多年现场实测资料,在模拟分析了大亚湾流场特征及其区域差异的基础上,引用Ｅｕｌｅｒ－Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ余流模型及二维平流－扩散方程,模拟海湾水质点运移轨迹及污染物浓度场的时空分布,综合分析了大亚湾海域的物理自净能力的时空差异性。 相似文献
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为掌握莱州湾潮余流特征和粒子运移特征，文章采取平面二维数值模拟的方法，计算得到莱州湾的潮流场，并分析潮流结构；在潮流场的基础上，计算和分析欧拉余流场；通过在不同位置释放自由运动的粒子，得到潮流作用下自由运动粒子的运移轨迹。研究结果表明：莱州湾涨潮时的最大流速约为2.19 m/s，落潮时的最大流速约为2.66 m/s，且均在湾口处出现最大流速；莱州湾欧拉余流速度较小，且湾口附近较大而湾内较小；莱州湾分布均匀的粒子在自由运移时出现不同程度的聚集，且整体运移趋势是向岸聚集。 相似文献
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本文采用直角坐标系统,矩形网格技术,将ECOMSED模式应用于胶州湾内粒子运动轨迹模拟试验。在ECOMSED模式三维水动力模块基础上,启用保守粒子的示踪模型,模拟粒子在湾内的运动轨迹,得到胶州湾排污口污染物在湾内表、中、底3层的运动路径,从而为排污口选址和陆源污染治理方案提供环境依据,以达到使湾内及附近海域受污染最低的目的。通过模拟获得了胶州湾及其附近海域三维潮流水平与垂向分布结构,以及此海域的若干个流涡的水平分布状况。粒子示踪的模拟结果表明,粒子的运动轨迹与湾内流速流向相一致,即示踪粒子的运动轨迹与湾内流场有关,此外也受到粒子释放时刻的影响,高潮时释放的粒子更容易向湾外漂移,利于污染物的输运。 相似文献
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大连湾保守污染物迁移三维模型及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用基于有限体积法和非结构化网格的三维潮流模型,同时耦合拉格朗日粒子追踪模型和保守污染物输运扩散模
型。模拟了大连湾内的水动力变化、潮致余流场分布、保守污染物的输移和特征粒子的运动轨迹;同时研究了不同人工岛对
湾内污染物迁移的影响。模拟的潮流场与实测数据吻合较好。结果表明：湾内潮致余流呈顺时针半涡形态,湾口潮致余流呈
NE 方向;湾内保守污染物主要随潮致余流的方向而迁移,湾口的迁移扩散快于湾中,湾内北部的污染物能较快扩散到湾外,
湾内南部的污染物易在湾底滞留,各个子湾内的污染物不宜扩散出来;两种方案人工岛均会降低臭水套湾和香水套湾的自净
能力,且方案2 比方案1 的影响大;而对红土堆子湾方案1的影响比方案2大,且方案2 能改善其水质情况。 相似文献
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为海洋生态保护和海岸工程建设等工作提供参考，基于Mike21模型水动力学（HD）模块，得到最新岸线形态下芝罘湾的潮流场，涨、落潮历时不均，落急潮流流速大于涨急潮流；东北岸流速最大，向西南靠岸渐小；湾北涨、落潮流向相反，湾中、南部流向在涨急时刻为SW向，落急时刻由南呈NW向向北顺时针逐渐转为NE向。计算了15个潮周期的欧拉余流场，余流流向除湾南沿岸局部区域沿岸向南外，整体为中心在湾东北的顺时针余环流,余流流速整体较小，大部分区域不超过0.06 m/s。芝罘湾内等距离释放16个自由粒子，据粒子运移轨迹得知：湾以北外海的物质不易向湾内输运，湾内自由粒子最终均运移出湾外，湾内无聚集，表明芝罘湾的水动力情况利于物质向外输运；担子岛以北的粒子向东输出湾内后，绕开担子岛等岛屿输运至东南外海；担子岛以南的粒子经过在湾内回旋振荡，以“∞”型轨迹最终南下。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献