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1.
赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)MHC ⅡB基因的克隆与表达多态性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是脊椎动物体内重要的非特异性免疫基因之一。为了研究赤点石斑鱼的MHC基因的结构与表达特性,本研究运用RACE,Realtime PCR及SSCP等技术,首次成功克隆获得赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)非特异性免疫因子MHC ⅡB基因的4个cDNA全序列,序列全长为1 195~1 355 bp,含有3'UTR、启动子、多肽结合区(β1)I、GC区(β2)、跨膜区、胞质区和5'UTR区,编码区大小为750 bp。氨基酸序列分析发现赤点石斑鱼MHC ⅡB分子具有经典MHC蛋白分子的空间结构,在多肽结合区存在极其丰富的变异,β1区由1个α螺旋与4个反向平行的β折叠构成多肽结合区,β2区由多个β折叠构成2个反向平行的三明治结构。利用SSCP技术研究了赤点石斑鱼MHC ⅡB的表达多态性,发现其在头肾、心、肝等12个组织器官中均能有效表达,表达多态性也异常丰富。此外,根据MHCIIB分子中相对保守的IGC区氨基酸序列构建了脊椎动物的系统进化树,也表明了该分子的IGC区氨基酸序列可以作为研究鱼类物种间进化关系的良好标记。 相似文献
2.
大黄鱼β2-微球蛋白基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的重组表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要组织相容性复合体（major histocompatibility complex,MHC）是一类高度多态的基因群,它广泛分布于各种脊椎动物体内,在启动特异性免疫应答中起关键作用．MHC根据结构分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种．β2-微球蛋白（β2mcroglobulin,β2m）是MHCI型分子的轻链．本文根据大黄鱼β2m的表达序列标签（expressed sequence tags,EST）序列设计合成了特异性引物,利用RT—PCR技术从大黄鱼脾脏组织中克隆了β2m基因（Pscr-β2m）;构建了合β2m因的原核表达载体（pGEX4T-2-β2m,在0．1mmol／dm^3IPTG诱导下重组β2m得到了表达;采用Sepharose 4B亲合层析纯化目的蛋白并制备了抗体;Western—blotting分析证实了该抗体具有与天然大黄鱼脾脏组织中β2m蛋白反应的特性．这些结果为进一步研究鱼类β2m构与功能的关系,以及制备MHCI类分子四聚体奠定基础． 相似文献
3.
双壳贝类经历了几亿年的进化过程,在复杂多变的海洋环境中展现出了非凡的环境适应能力,而基因组的高多态性被认为与其环境适应性有关。本研究利用栉孔扇贝基因组重测序数据、早期发育及成体转录组数据分析了基因的多态性与表达特征。在栉孔扇贝基因组中共鉴定到了1 186个高多态基因,这些基因在染色体上呈现非均匀分布,并且在胚胎发育时期和成体组织中呈现出独特的表达特征。功能富集分析显示这些多态基因可能为扇贝胚胎发育的可塑性和成体的环境适应性提供了分子基础。研究还发现2个多拷贝基因——mucin和C1qDC具有显著的高多态性,可能在免疫系统防御和清除病原的过程中发挥了重要作用。本研究对高多态基因的表达特征和多态性进行了联合分析,为解析扇贝适应性进化的分子机制提供了线索。 相似文献
4.
采用同源克隆和末端快速扩增(RACE)方法, 得到1131bp的大菱鲆MHCⅡA全长cDNA片段.该序列包括720bp的开放阅读框(0RF), 75bp的5'末端非编码区(UTR)以及336bp的3'末端非编码区.利用CLASTAL W1.8软件进行MHCⅡA基因的氨基酸序列比对和同源性比较, 结果表明, 大菱鲆MHCⅡA与牙鲆MHCⅡA的相似性最高, 为69.8%, 与真鲷、鲈鱼和丽鱼的相似性次之, 分别为65.5%、69.6%和61.4%, 与人、鼠和鲨鱼MHCⅡA的相似性仅为19.8%、31.6%和26.9%.应用RT-PCR分析其组织表达发现MHCⅡA基因在正常大菱鲆组织中均表达, 但表达量在各个组织中不同, 其中在鳃、脾、头肾、心脏、小肠和皮肤中有较强的转录本, 中等程度表达于肝和血, 在性腺和肌肉中表达最弱. 相似文献
5.
鱼类性别决定与分化相关基因研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在脊椎动物系统进化中,鱼类处于承前启后的关键地位.与高等脊椎动物相比,鱼类的性别决定机制具有原始性、多样性和易变性,并具有所有脊椎动物的性别决定方式,存在从雌雄同体到雌雄异体的各种性别类型,性逆转在鱼类也是较为常见的现象,因此鱼类性别决定机制研究对于整个脊椎动物类群性别决定机制的形成及进化途径的揭示有非常重要的理论价值.而且鱼类的性别发育是以遗传因素为基础,并受到自身内分泌调节和外界环境的影响,是三者相互作用的结果,故其性别决定与分化没有一个普遍的模式,给性别决定与分化研究带来了一定难度.但随着分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,近20年来有关鱼类性别决定与分化机理及性别相关基因的研究已经取得了相当大的进展.作者根据现有文献资料,对鱼类性别决定与分化相关基因的研究动态和进展作一综述,并对目前存在的热点问题进行了探讨,以期为今后鱼类性别决定与分化相关基因深入研究提供参考. 相似文献
6.
牙鲆GHR基因Promoter区微卫星序列多态性与生长性状关系的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用牙鲆GHR基因5'端Promoter区的1个微卫星标记,对胶南和日照2个牙鲆养殖群体进行了群体遗传多样性的研究,并探索该基因多态性位点与牙鲆生长性状之间的相关性.结果表明,2个群体在该座位的等位基因数为12和9个,有效等位基因数为6.26和5.04个,多态信息含量为0.84和0.80.2个群体该座位的Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数均为正值,并没有显示出杂合子缺失,但各基因型分布频率都在一定程度上偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01).连锁分析中发现,在胶南群体中,IM基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体长、头长、体高和眼径形态学数据中均是最大的;在日照群体中,BC基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和眼径数据中均是最大的;而CJ基因型对应的个体在体长和头长这两组数据中是最大的.该结果为研究GHR基因的变异对鱼类生长发育的影响及探索将该基因作为生长遗传标记的可行性奠定了实验基础. 相似文献
7.
为检测10个半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)家系MHCⅡB(Cyse-DAB)基因的多态性水平、MHCⅡ类B位点数目以及平衡选择的作用,作者利用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法对10个半滑舌鳎家系MHCⅡB基因位点遗传变异和平衡选择进行了研究。用特异性引物和PCR扩增的半滑舌鳎MHCⅡB基因片段大约397 bp,包含一部分第一外显子,全部第一内含子和全部第二外显子。10个半滑舌鳎家系中,每家系选取5个体,每个体5个克隆序列分析发现60个不同序列,代表60个等位基因,其中有28个是新发现的,已提交到Gen Bank。同源分析表明60个等位基因相似性为89.36%。共50个个体中,有6个存在5个不同等位基因,表明在半滑舌鳎至少存在3个座位。有9个家系的MHCⅡB序列多肽结合区(PBR)的非同义替换(dN)显著高于同义替换(dS)。 相似文献
8.
鱼类生长激素的异源表达、应用及安全性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鱼类生长激素对鱼的生长发育起着重要的调节作用，能促进鱼体快速生长，提高饵料转化率，在水产养殖业中具有重大应用价值。转生长激素基因鱼具有快速生长效应，可以缩短养殖周期，降低养殖成本和风险。鱼类生长激素基因异源表达体系的建立和发展，使获得大量廉价的鱼类生长激素产品成为可能，为鱼类养殖业新型饵料添加剂的研制开辟了新的途径。本文综述了转生长激素基因鱼和鱼类生长激素基因的异源表达两方面的研究及其安全性评价。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,51(1)
脂肪组织是机体内储存脂肪的核心部位,其功能出现异常会导致生物体生理紊乱。近年来研究发现,Seipin在调控脂肪分化和脂滴(Lipid droplets, LDs)形成中发挥着重要作用,Seipin基因突变会导致严重的脂肪储存障碍。目前,Seipin调控动物脂肪储存的研究多在人类和小鼠等模型中开展,鱼类Seipin相关研究较少。本文介绍了Seipin基因的分布与结构,从脂肪分化和LDs形态两方面探讨了Seipin在脂质储存中的作用及调控机制,并提出了系统研究鱼类Seipin的必要性和开展鱼类Seipin机制研究的方向,旨在进一步理解Seipin调控脂肪储存的分子机理,为寻找脂肪异常沉积的缓解策略奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全序列与5′侧翼区的克隆与分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用RT-PCR及RACE法,分离、克隆鳜鱼β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全序列,再用基因组步行法(Genome Walker)克隆鳜鱼β-肌动蛋白基因5'调控区.序列分析结果表明,鳜鱼β-肌动蛋白基因全长1897bp,其中5'-UTR长94bp,3'-UTR长675bp,编码区长1128bp,编码375个氨基酸.将所得序列与其它动物类群的β-肌动蛋白基因序列进行比较分析显示,鱼类、两栖类、鸟类、哺乳类等不同类群脊椎动物B-肌动蛋白氨基酸序列同源性均在96%以上,说明该基因在生物进化过程中高度保守.通过鳜鱼与其它脊椎动物β-肌动蛋白基因的核苷酸序列构建的进化树显示,脊椎动物β-肌动蛋白聚类成3个分支,鱼类β-肌动蛋白基因形成一个独立的分化群,说明鱼类β-肌动蛋白基因起源于-个共同祖先.克隆得到的鳜鱼β-肌动蛋白基因5'侧翼序列长1399bp,对其进行序列分析,在其起始密码字ATG上游200bp范围内发现含有CAAT box、CC(A/T)6GG(CArG box)、TATA box对转录调控起重要作用的顺式元件,同时在侧翼区也发现含有GC box、MYOD、YY1、SP1、GATA等多个潜在调控元件.鳜鱼β-肌动蛋白基因5'侧翼序列的克隆成功,为今后转基因鳜鱼的研究工作奠定了基础. 相似文献
11.
多环芳烃对鱼类生殖机能的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文综述了近年来多环芳烃(含有两个苯环以上的有机化学污染物)对鱼类生殖机能影响的研究。重点介绍了多环芳烃对鱼类相关激素水平、卵黄蛋白原的生成以及生殖成功的影响。并对其可能的作用机制和途径进行了分析，提出了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
12.
The biotransformation of xenobiotics by microsomal cytochromes P450 is known to be pivotal in the effects of some compounds, and thought to be so for many. A knowledge of CYP gene diversity and CYP function and regulation in aquatic species is pursued, expecting that it will disclose mechanisms, allow predictions regarding species differences in susceptibility, and provide markers for exposure to xenobiotics. As well, it is hoped that such knowledge will provide clues to CYP endogenous functions, and to the origin and functional significance of CYP gene diversity. The knowledge of CYP in marine and other aquatic species is expanding rapidly. The diversity of CYP genes in non-mammalian vertebrates may approximate that in mammals. At present, cloning studies have identified members of gene families 1 to 4 have been cloned from one or more fish species. Where known, the gene structures of fish CYP genes are like those of mammalian homologues. Only one CYP1A gene has been identified in most fish species examined. Fish CYP1As, including multiple forms from recent divergence in some genera, have structural and catalytic properties more like CYP1A1, but also have properties that are 1A2-like, consistent with fish CYP1As representing the CYP ancestral to both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. A number of genes cloned from several species have been classified in the 3A subfamily. Fish CYP3As catalyze steroid 6β-hydroxylase, and have other properties consistent with mammalian 3As. Recently identified CYP4 genes classify to novel subfamilies but apparently are homologues of mammalian CYP4 genes, and may act on similar substrates. The greatest diversity of fish CYP genes is in family 2; there are now six fish CYP2 subfamilies known. Four of these are novel subfamilies, although cladistic analysis suggests distinct relationships to mammalian CYP2 subfamilies. Heterologous expression and characterization of some of these CYP have identified similar functions among genes in different subfamilies. For example, fish CYP2Ns and CYP2Ps are related to mammalian CYP2Js, and CYP2P3 and CYP2J2 have strikingly similar functions as fatty acid epoxygenases and hydroxylases, with nearly identical regio- and enantioselectivity for metabolism of arachidonic acid. In addition to sequence and catalytic similarities, there also are indications that CYP regulation, tissue and cellular localization are similar between fish and mammals. Yet even in cases where orthology is strongly suggested, e.g. CYP1A, there appear to be taxonomic differences in active site structure suggesting potential differences in involvement of CYP1A in toxicity. In contrast to fish, CYP diversity and functions in aquatic invertebrates are poorly known. Investigators have identified novel gene families and subfamilies in crustaceans (CYP2L; CYP45), molluscs (CYP30, CYP10) and sponges (CYP38). CYP4C genes occur in crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms, and a new subfamily (CYP4Y) in molluscs. The future? There is no doubt that new CYP will continue to be discovered in non-mammalian vertebrates; some (e.g. CYP51) can be predicted confidently. And, there is no doubt that the numbers known in invertebrates will expand greatly. In insects and C. elegans the numbers are very high, and even slime molds have 18 CYP genes. It is virtually certain that CYP genes with unique functions will be discovered. While the knowledge of CYP genes is increasing, knowledge of CYP function and regulation lag well behind. Technical approaches to speed the aquisition of such knowledge are available. The information will be essential to discern the role that CYP play in the disposition and toxicity of xenobiotics, during development as well as in adults. Yet, when such data are in hand, we may have to face the paucity of information on the diversity, function and regulation other enzymes, notably the glutathione S-transferases, glucuronyl transferases and sulfotransferases, in aquatic species. Discerning orthologous relationships among CYP genes, as well as those for phase II enzymes, could highlight gene lineages associated with conserved and endogenous functions. Understanding CYP endogenous functions, as well as their metabolism of xenobiotics, may reveal fully the ways that chemicals cause toxicity. [Support: Sea Grant NA46RG0470-R/P61, EPA R-829890, NIH ES07381]. 相似文献
13.
双锯鱼(Amphiprion)亦称为海葵鱼,又称为小丑鱼,是一类经济价值较高的海水观赏鱼。目前国内在双锯鱼的胚胎发育、人工饲养以及形态学观察等方面已经取得了有效成果,但在分子生物学水平上对其基因表达的研究较少。为了筛选出适用于双锯鱼胚胎不同发育阶段以及成鱼组织的内参基因,分析酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因的表达情况,以眼斑双锯鱼(A.ocellaris)和白条双锯鱼(A.frenatus)为材料,利用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)对18SrRNA、GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶基因)、Ef-1α(转录延伸因子基因)和β-actin(β-肌动蛋白基因)这4个候选内参基因的表达水平进行检测,同时通过geNorm和Norm Finder软件对其稳定性进行评估,最后以合适的内参基因作为参考,研究TYR mRNA的表达水平。结果表明,在双锯鱼胚胎的不同发育阶段,18S和β-actin的表达量相对于其他基因较为稳定;在双锯鱼的不同组织中,稳定性依次为18S>β-actin>Ef-1α>GAPDH。以18S作为内参基因时分析发现TYR基因的表达在双锯鱼胚胎发育过程中呈先上升后下降的趋势,在体节期表达量最高;在双锯鱼各组织中均有表达,且在眼、尾和红皮中表达量最高。 相似文献
14.
Otoliths are calcified structures in the head of fish that record environmental information about fish's life history. Gathering the elemental information from the core of an otolith corresponding to the juvenile period of fish's life is critical to discriminate the adult fish to their natal habitats reliably. A high resolution micromill has been used to isolate the otolith core from a whole otolith for elemental analysis. The effects of micromilling procedures (e.g., sectioning, embedding and drilling) on contamination to otolith trace element levels were examined using paired blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) otoliths. Otoliths were decontaminated by dilute hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid throughout to remove surface contamination. A preconcentration procedure was used to determine the trace elements from the small core material by ICP-MS. It was found that micromilling procedures introduce significant contamination to otoliths, especially for Al, Cu, Pb and Zn. The sectioning procedure caused significant contamination for Co and Cu, while the embedding procedure resulted in contamination for nearly all trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn). The combined sectioning, embedding and drilling procedure also resulted in contamination for most trace elements. Despite the contamination across all procedural steps, the decontamination procedure effectively removed the surface contamination with the exception of Pb and Zn. Bias (e.g., residual contamination) on Pb was small in comparison to overall concentration of Pb expected to occur in fish otoliths, therefore, its effect may be minor in discriminating individuals. Bias on Zn was larger that could limit its application in discriminating individuals. 相似文献
15.
John J. Stegeman 《Marine environmental research》1992,34(1-4)
A growing number of studies concerning organic chemical pollutant induction of cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidases in fish stimulate a need for common terminology. Similar names for proteins might be based on similarities in function, in regulation, and in their structure. Under the current guidelines for P450 proteins, classification is based on measured or inferred amino acid sequence. At present, a single teleost hydrocarbon-inducible P450 (rainbow trout) can conclusively be termed 1A1: a second (scup P450E) can be so termed on the basis of partial sequence. The lack of primary sequence information makes it difficult to assign a specific identity to hydrocarbon inducible P450s in other fish. Nevertheless, the sum of information on catalytic activities, introduction and immunological cross-reactivities provides a weight of evidence sufficient to assume (but not prove) gene family (I) and subfamily (A) identities for hydrocarbon-inducible proteins in many species. Reference to these proteins as P4501 or IA (or CYPI or IA) in fish species where sequence data are lacking is suggested as more appropriate than reference to them as P450IAI (or CYPIAI). Additional primary sequence data are required to further define orthologous relationships among P450IA genes in fish, and to determine whether IAI is a correct designation for a hydrocarbon-inducible P450 in many species. 相似文献
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17.
在脊椎动物肌肉发育过程中,MyoD1基因可通过多个途径激活肌肉生长相关基因的表达,是成肌细胞增殖和分化的主要调控因子之一。目前关于经济鱼类MyoD1基因的研究主要集中在基因克隆和组织表达情况的分析,而对其功能的研究非常有限。本研究鉴定了许氏平鲉MyoD1基因两个拷贝,分别命名为MyoD1和MyoD1-like。MyoD1-like基因与MyoD1基因ORF序列存在19 bp的碱基差异,且MyoD1-like基因仅含有外显子而无内含子。qRT-PCR表达分析结果显示,MyoD1s基因在肌肉组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织,且MyoD1-like基因的表达显著高于MyoD1。原位杂交结果显示,MyoD1s基因的表达位置是肌纤维的边缘,即成肌细胞增殖、分化的位置。过表达许氏平鲉MyoD1-like基因可诱导小鼠成肌细胞发生分化,融合形成肌管。该结果为研究MyoD1基因在经济鱼类肌肉生长发育过程中的调控作用奠定了基础。 相似文献