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1.
漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)养殖群体微卫星座位遗传多态性的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了解漠斑牙鲆群体的遗传背景,并为漠斑牙鲆人工养殖业健康和可持续发展提供理论依据,利用筛选获得的10对微卫星引物对漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)养殖群体进行了群体遗传学分析。该群体等位基因平均数为4.0,平均杂合度为0.597 7。各多态座位的有效等位基因数则为1.7~4.1,多态座位杂合度的观察值为0.291 7~0.958 3,无偏倚期望值范围为0.405 3~0.755 3,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数为-0.451 7~0.346 6。每个座位上的多态信息含量为0.353~0.746,个体识别率为0.176~0.559,非父排除率为0.405~0.755,其累积个体识别率和非父排除率均达到0.999 9和0.993 7,这些座位均属中识别力以上的遗传标记,可以应用于今后的漠斑牙鲆的遗传育种(如雌核发育等)研究。 相似文献
2.
山东近海牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)自然和养殖群体10个微卫星基因座位的遗传多态性分析 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：26
采用微卫星遗传标记技术对山东近海牙鲆自然群体和养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。实验所用牙鲆于2003年5月分别采自山东近海和青岛胶南养鱼场，各20尾，取全血或肌肉组织，以酚-仿抽提方法提取基因组DNA，利用筛选获得的10对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增，反应产物经8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、EB显色，用ImageMasterl D Elite(Version 3．01)软件分析电泳结果，并计算了相应的遗传学参数。结果表明，在自然和养殖群体中，10个基因座位的等位基因平均数(α)分别为6．7和6．1，每个基因座位有效等位基因数(αe)分别为1．8—6．8和2．5—6．7，群体平均杂合度(H)分别为0．8120和0．7310；两个群体间的遗传相似性系数、遗传距离和基因分化系数为0．8558、0．1557和0．0558；自然群体内每个座位上的多态信息含量(PIC)为0．59—0．84、个体识别率(DP)为0．54—0．86、非父排除率(PPE)为0．41—0．72，其累积个体识别率和非父排除率均达到0．9999，表明所选座位属中高识别力的遗传标记，可以将它们应用于今后牙鲆雌核发育群体的遗传变异分析以及进一步的遗传育种的研究中。 相似文献
3.
翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)EST-SSR标记与生长性状相关性及4个选育群体遗传结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)转录组高通量测序并筛选得到的13对多态性EST-SSR引物,对60尾翘嘴鳜的体长、体高、体厚及体重4种生长性状进行标记-性状相关性研究,并对4个翘嘴鳜选育群体各30尾个体进行遗传结构分析。结果显示,与其生长性状显著相关的微卫星分子标记有5个,包括:分别与体厚和体长极显著相关(P0.01)和显著相关(P0.05)的标记C10127,AA型为体长、体厚的优势基因型,而AC型为劣势基因型;与体重显著相关(P0.05)的标记C19016,AA型为体重的优势基因型,AB型为体长的劣势基因型;与体厚显著相关(P0.05)的标记C14847,BB型为体厚的优势基因型;分别与体长、体高和体重、体厚极显著相关(P0.01)和显著相关(P0.05)的标记C12350,BC型为体长、体厚、体高和体重性状的优势基因型;分别与体厚、体重和体高极显著相关(P0.01)和显著相关(P0.05)的C18691标记,BB型为体厚、体重和体高性状的优势基因型。4个翘嘴鳜群体遗传多样性高低依次为太湖选育群体长江口选育群体洪泽湖选育群体鄱阳湖选育群体,其平均的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为2.2115、1.9405、0.55513、0.5925和0.3775,属于中度多态水平。 相似文献
4.
为分析谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶M基因(glutathione S-transferases M,GSTM)与鱼类低温耐受性的相关性,本实验运用PCR-SSCP技术研究了130尾斑马鱼(Danio rerio)GSTM基因5?UTR、3?UTR和第一内含子序列的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),同时分析了筛选到的基因型与其低温耐受性状的关联性。结果显示,在其5UTR区域检测到AB、BC、AC 3种基因型个体,共A、B、C 3个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别是1.000和0.570,多态信息含量为0.472,所检测群体在该座位偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡;第1内含子中检测到DD、DE和EE 3种基因型个体,共D、E两个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.408和0.477,多态信息含量为0.362,群体在该座位符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3'UTR区域中没有发现多态性。上述2个SNP座位与斑马鱼低温耐受性状的关联分析结果表明,5'UTR区3种基因型与低温耐受性状均没有显著相关性(χ2=4.029,P0.05)。而第1内含子3种基因型与低温耐受性状显著相关(χ2=8.498,P0.05):DD基因型在耐低温群体中占优势(50.00%),并表现为对受低温胁迫斑马鱼的保护性因素(OR=0.520,95%CI=0.255–1.061),而DE基因型在不耐低温群体中占优势(51.31%),表现为低温胁迫下斑马鱼的危险因素(OR=3.012,95%CI=1.413–6.419)。研究结果为GSTM基因SNPs位点与斑马鱼低温耐受性能关联分析提供了依据,也将为海水经济鱼类抗寒标记筛选育种提供参考。 相似文献
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为评估养殖过程对漠斑牙鲆遗传结构的影响, 本研究利用微卫星标记对漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)山东胶南养殖群体(子一代)和江苏南通养殖群体(子三代)的遗传结构进行分析比较, 结果表明所使用的14 对引物中, 11 对引物在所选取的群体中具有多态性, 两个群体中共检测出了70 个等位基因(42 个有效等位基因), 总群体的平均观察杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.36 和0.60。两个群体的Shannon’s 遗传多样性指数分别为1.18 和1.07, Nei’s 遗传多样性指数分别为0. 56 和0.51, 表明山东胶南群体的遗传多样性显著高于江苏南通养殖群体。两个养殖群体间的两群体间的遗传分化系数Fst 平均为0.1246, 遗传距离(Ds)为0.171, 遗传相似度为0.8432, 表明两个群体中度分化。由此可以得出, 在中国随着漠斑牙鲆累代养殖的开展, 其遗传多样性下降显著, 遗传结构已经出现了显著分化。因此, 在将来的繁育过程中应制定合理的育苗规划以维持漠斑牙鲆的多样性水平并保障产业可持续发展。 相似文献
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“鲆优1号”牙鲆和亲本群体的表型及遗传性状变异分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
牙鲆是我国及大西洋沿岸天然捕捞和养殖的主导品种,对其遗传资源保护及养殖新品种开发具有重要的意义。本文对人工培育的牙鲆养殖新品种"鲆优1号"(ZJ)、其父本韩国牙鲆群体(KS)、母本F0750家系(JX)的18个表型性状进行测量,利用SSPS程序进行方差分析和多重比较,发现体长/体宽,头长/眼径,头长/眼间距、眼径/眼间距,侧线鳞和尾鳍条6个性状与父本或母本具有显著性差异(p0.05),可做为鉴别"鲆优1号"的标志性表型性状。"鲆优1号"与母本无显著差异(p0.05)性状占50%。与父本无显著性差异(p0.05)性状占33.33%。筛选了24个多态性微卫星引物对KS、JX、ZJ和FJ的遗传多样性进行分析,总共扩增出143个等位基因。4个群体的平均等位基因数(Na)大于平均有效等位基因数(Nae),平均观测杂合度大于平均期望杂合度,多态信息含量(PICa)分析显示:KSJXFJZJ,说明人工选育导致了遗传杂合度的降低。24个微卫星位点在4个牙鲆群体中的遗传偏离指数(D)在-0.759 7到0.188 4之间,在KS、JX、ZJ和FJ群体中分别有10、16、11和17个位点显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。24个基因位点的遗传分化系数(Fst)在0.076 7~0.258 6之间,平均为0.146 8,表明14.68%的变异来自种群间,85.32%的变异来自种群内。Neis遗传距离显著,KS和FJ遗传距离最近(0.282 5),遗传相似系数最大(0.753 9);ZJ与JX遗传距离最大(0.420 5),遗传相似系数最小(0.656 7)。本文研究表明:"鲆优1号"具有明显的表型和遗传特征,与父母本及反交群体比较发生了一定程度的种内和种群间遗传分化,为"鲆优1号"的种质鉴别提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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闽-粤东族大黄鱼生长性状的相关与通径分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究大黄鱼各形态性状对体重的影响,测定了272尾7月龄闽-粤东族大黄鱼的全长(x1)、体长(x2)、头长(x3)、眼后头长(x4)、躯干长 (x5)、体高(x6)、尾柄长(x7)、尾柄高(x8)和体重(y),计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以体重(y)为依变量、其它性状为自变量的通径系数和决定系数.结果表明:全长、体长、头长、眼后头长、躯干长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高和体重两两之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);头长对体重的直接影响(0.429)最大,其次分别为体长(0.242)、躯干长(0.136)、体高(0.113)和尾柄高(0.079),全长、眼后头长和尾柄长对体重的直接影响不显著(P>0.05).剔除直接影响不显著的自变量建立的以体重为依变量的多元线性回归方程为(y)=-4.676 0.374×2 2.270×3 0.503×5 0 .519×6 1.254×8,其决定的数为0.940. 相似文献
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针对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)养殖品种生长速度变慢、抗病力降低这一问题。近年来构建了牙鲆抗病群体(RS)、日本群体(JS)和黄海群体(YS)3个育种群体,开展牙鲆选择育种,建立了63个家系,收集了所有家系5 328尾鱼苗的体长和体重数据。借助线形混合模型(Linear mixedmodel)、"加性-显性"模型、约束极大似然法(REML)及最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)分别估计亲本效应值、体重和体长遗传力和遗传相关、父母本效应和杂交效应。预测结果显示,其中父本130,141,146,170,218,229,303和308随机效应达到了极显著效应水平(P<0.01),父本112,122,141,190,212达到显著水平(P<0.05),所有母本体重随机效应达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);体长和体重两性状的加性、显性、表型和基因型相关分量都达到极显著水平(P<0.01),体长和体重的加性方差比率均大于显性方差比率,可见两性状的遗传效应主要取决于基因的加性效应。体长的总遗传效应率为31.20%,体重的总遗传效应率为33.58%,体长和体重的随机方差比率分别达到68.80%和66.41%,说明养殖环境等因素对牙鲆体长和体重的影响较大,同时说明在牙鲆选择育种中消除环境影响极为重要。体长和体重的狭义遗传率分别为0.199和0.256(P<0.01),广义遗传率分别为0.312和0.336(P<0.01),牙鲆在以上两性状上属于中等遗传力,通过选择育种可取得较大的遗传进展。对3个牙鲆育种群体杂交随机效应估计结果显示,抗病群体和黄海群体在体长和体重两性状上加性随机效应显著(P<0.05);抗病群体分别与日本群体、黄海群体杂交,其后代表现出显性随机效应达到0.10的水平(P<0.10),黄海群体自交、日本群体和黄海群体杂交随机效应不显著(P>0.05),因此在杂交组配中选择抗病群体与其他两个群体交配可取得较好的效果。 相似文献
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以4种不同地理群体大菱鲆为亲本，采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术，按照1雄配2雌的原则，构建了28个父系半同胞家系和56个母系全同胞家系，分别测定了每个母系生长到6月龄的全同胞个体60个后代的体长、全长、体高、体重，应用数量遗传学原理，利用全同胞资料，采用方差、协方差分析的方法，研究了大菱鲆6月龄生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。对性状遗传力研究结果表明，雌性遗传方差组分均大于雄性遗传方差组分，雌性遗传方差组分存在显著的母性效应。基于父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是大菱鲆体长、全长、体高、体重遗传力的无偏估计值，估计的遗传力准确可靠，估计值分别为0．282、0．251、0．283、0．450，为中高等遗传力，显示对大菱鲆生长性状进行选择育种具有很大的潜力。对性状间相关性分析结果表明，依据父系半同胞遗传协方差组分和表型协方差分别估计体长．全长、体长一体高、体长．体重、全长。体高、全长一体重、体高一体重间的遗传相关和表型相关，遗传相关在0．888-0．985，表型相关在0．864—0．957，各性状间遗传相关和表型相关经t检验均达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
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采用相关分析、通径分析和多元线性回归分析方法,分析了不同年龄组白斑红点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenis)形态性状对体重的影响效果。统计分析表明:1龄组保留了对体重影响极显著的4个性状,其对体重的决定程度由大到小依次为体高体长尾柄长吻长,4个性状与体重的相关指数高达0.915,充分说明保留的性状是影响体重的主要形态性状;2龄组保留了体长和体高,体长高于体高对体重的决定程度,2个性状与体重的相关指数最高为0.99;3龄组保留了全长、体长、体高和吻长,对体重的决定程度由大到小依次为体高全长体长吻长,4个性状与体重的相关指数高达0.936。同时以体重为依变量(y),形态性状为自变量(x),分别建立了3个年龄组的最优多元回归方程,并且详细的分析了不同年龄组间的差异,该研究可为白斑红点鲑的选择育种提供坚实的理论依据。 相似文献
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Abstract. Population dynamics and secondary somatic production data of a population of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (O. F. Müller) are reported. Monthly samples were taken in a small muddy-sand flat in the Gernika estuary (Basque Country, North Iberian Peninsula) from May 1991 to May 1992. In addition to H. diversicolor abundance, temporal variation of the infauna and sediment conditions were analysed. Size measurements were employed to estimate H. diversicolor biomass and several cohorts were differentiated based on the size distribution. Secondary production was estimated based on cohort summation of growth increments following individual cohorts through time. Results are compared with those of other H. diversicolor populations located along the whole latitudinal gradient of distribution of the species. 相似文献
12.
流沙湾冬、春季大型海藻的微量元素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用微波消解法和AFA、ICP-MS对流沙湾2008年冬春季21种大型海藻的微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Se、Fe、Mn在细江蓠体内含量最高,分别为8.90、34.35、24.26、68.12、12.04、26777.20、400.16mg/kg;Hg在海蕴体内含量最高,达6.90mg/kg;Zn在鼠尾藻体内含量最高,为277.37mg/kg;Cd在石花菜体内含量最高,为6.77mg/kg;Ba在海门冬体内含量最高,为127.02mg/kg。各藻类对各重金属元素的综合富集能力由强到弱依次为细江蓠拟刚毛藻水云海蕴鼠尾藻海门冬条浒苔小珊瑚肠浒苔蜈蚣藻礁膜大石花菜石花菜半盐生单歧藻团扇藻长石莼宽扁叉节藻穗状鱼浒苔喇叭菜海头红刚毛藻,显示出藻类对各重金属元素综合富集能力因藻而异。各元素被藻类富集的量从大到小依次为FeMnBaZnCrCuPbAsSeCdHg,显示出藻类对营养元素的富集要大于对毒性元素的富集。各藻类对各重金属的富集系数从几倍至几十万倍不等,最高是细江蓠对Fe的富集,其次为海蕴对Hg的富集,最差为刚毛藻对Se的富集,其富集系数分别为204875.29、13800.00、3.48。聚类分析结果显示细江篱的富集能力最强,是多种重金属污染海域修复的首选生态环境材料。但对重金属复合污染海域进行生物修复,应有针对性地选择数种富集能力较强的大型海藻组成修复生物群落。 相似文献
13.
14.
Abstract. Yearly, in situ growth of two species of cold-seep vestimentiferan tubeworms was measured using a combination of banding and video analysis. A total of 53 animals from 15 different aggregations were included in the study, which was conducted over a Cyear period. The most common species, Lamellibrachia sp., grows very slowly (averaging 0.77 cm. a-1 ) and yet commonly reaches lengths over 2 m. Based on conservative calculations we conclude that individuals in mature aggregations are a minimum of 100 a old and are likely to be much older. Smaller numbers of a second species of vestimentiferan (related to escarpids) were also monitored over this period. We consider it likely that the individuals of the second species banded for this study were already on the plateau of their growth curve, and that the very low average growth rates recorded here would lead to an overestimate of the ages of the individuals used in this study. However, life history considerations combined with the extremely low measured growth rates of this species suggest it is also long-lived. 相似文献
15.
To understand age and growth of the Picasso triggerfish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus, monthly sampling was conducted from February 2010 to October 2011 on the subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan, using trammel net and speargun. Fish were measured by weight (W) and standard length (SL) and age was determined by examining thin-sections of the first dorsal spine and the second abdominal vertebra. A total of 352 fish were caught ranging from 20.9?mm to 209.5?mm (SL). Marginal increment analysis indicated that translucent rings were deposited annually during the colder season from October to January. The relationship of observed SL and age was described by the original form of the von Bertalanffy growth equation. Male and female growth models were significantly different. Overall growth was rapid during the first 2.5?years for both sexes, thereafter growth curves diverged. Males consequently reached larger sizes and greater ages. Maximum age for males and females was 13.5 and 9.5?years, respectively. Regression models of somatic growth (SL) as a function of vertebral and spine radii were significantly correlated (r?=?0.98 and r?=?0.96, respectively). According to the weight?Clength relationship, growth in R. aculeatus was negative allometric. Small recruits (SL?<?40?mm) appeared in high numbers in shallow coastal areas starting from August. This is the first record of age and growth for R. aculeatus. Our data suggest that the Picasso triggerfish is a moderately long-lived balistid and that the observed sex-specific growth pattern is driven by the fish??s polygynous mating system and different reproduction strategies of males and females. 相似文献
16.
Transplant trials of the seagrass Posidonia australis were carried out after loss of seagrasses following eutrophication and increased turbidity in two marine inlets on the south coast of Western Australia. A pilot study in Oyster Harbour measured survival and growth in situ for 4 years. Long-term survival rates were high (96–98%), providing plants were anchored into the sediment. All unanchored plants were lost in the first winter. Following the success of the pilot study, a more comprehensive program began 3 years later with over 500 transplant units collected from either actively growing edges of nearby patches (plagiotropic growth form) or within established meadows (orthotropic growth form). Transplant units from edges expanded at a faster rate compared to units from mid-meadow but increases in shoot numbers were similar. Growth rates in the first 2.5 years averaged 10–20 cm yr−1 horizontal rhizome extension, depending on the source of the transplant units, and 4–12 shoots per initial shoot yr−1, depending on the initial shoot number of the transplant unit. After 5 years, shoot numbers of individual transplants were similar to shoot densities recorded for natural meadows, >500 shoots m−2. Approximately, 10% of transplants from mid-meadow flowered in the first year, whereas transplants from edges flowered only after 5 years. 相似文献
17.
以平板计数法,研究了不同浓度枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)及养殖底泥中细菌总数和弧菌总数的影响.试验分为1×10~6,5×10~6和10×10~6CFU/L 3个浓度试验组和对照组,试验共进行28 d,在第0、7、14、21和28天时采底泥和泥蚶,采用平板计数法检测细菌总数和弧菌总数.结果显示,在投施枯草芽孢杆菌后7 d内,养殖底泥和泥蚶体内细菌总数均呈明显上升趋势(P<0.05),7～28 d内缓慢下降,但差异不显著(P<0.05);投施枯草芽孢杆菌后,各试验组底泥和泥蚶体内弧菌总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),5×10~6CFU/L和10×10~6 CFU/L试验组弧菌总数显著低于1×10~6CFU/L试验组(P<0.05).结果表明枯草芽孢杆菌具有抑制弧菌增殖的作用,枯草芽孢杆菌可应用于泥蚶池塘养殖. 相似文献
18.
Abstract-The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (ΔBL). To applythis approach, laboratory experiments were carried out at three temperatures regimes (15℃, 20℃,25℃) to gain accurate data of IP and BL. The total number of specimens used in this study was 86 at15℃, 24 at 20℃ and 70 at 25℃. The number of flagellar segments of both antennae of the Hyaleperieri could not be used as an index of growth (instar criterion). The obtained results indicated that,the predicted IP of the specimens was inversely related to temperature and in good agreement with theobserved values at the experimental temperatures. IP data obtained from laboratory-reared specimes arecombined with ΔBL data to establish a growth model for Hyale perieri from its release from the mar-supium (1.64 mm BL) to the maximum size (12.67 mm BL) as a function of temperature. The maxi-mum numbers of consecutive moults 相似文献
19.
虾池浮游植物群落特征及其与虾病的关系 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
１９９１年６月至９月对大连地区３个虾场养殖的中国对虾及虾池浮游植物群落进行了调查，研究了虾池浮植物群落的组成结构、数量分布、演替特征及其与虾病之间的关系。结果表明，虾池浮游植物群落组成和数量分布具有较大的突发性；优势种单一，多为赤潮生物种类，有些种类原本为底栖生物；群落演替时间短，变化快；养殖对虾发病症状为红腿和黄鳃，严重出现死亡。浮游植物的总量尤其是赤潮种类的总量与对虾的发病程度有正相关性；群 相似文献
20.
This study investigates the size, age and growth of Corallium rubrum which is a key species of the only large reef-like structure in the Mediterranean Sea, the coralligéne. Two populations were studied in the Ligurian Sea at a depth between 36 and 42 m. Basal diameter, colony height and numbers of branches of 230 colonies were measured, and age and growth rates were assessed from 25 colonies. Mean growth rate was 0.2 mm yr−1 of basal diameter growth, corresponding to a mean annual total branch length increase of 5 mm. These results point to a coral growth much slower than assumed in many earlier studies. Additionally, age and size at first reproduction were analysed. Male colonies were shown to become sexually mature at a minimum age of six years (1.2 mm of basal diameter), while female colonies reached maturity when at least 10 years old (2 mm of basal diameter). We further discuss the implications of slow growth and early sexual maturity for red coral management and conservation. 相似文献