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海洋活性多肽的研究进展 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
根据海洋活性多肽是近年来新药研究热点的现状 ,本文对天然存在的海洋活性多肽和海洋蛋白酶解活性肽的研究进展进行了综述。为进一步开展海洋活性多肽的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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海洋生物标记物是海洋自生或陆源输入的天然有机化合物,如甾醇、脂肪酸、非芳香烃和多环芳烃等.这些标记物分子由于其化学稳定性和分子结构的多样性,常被用作研究海洋生物地球化学过程的指示物,因而称之为海洋生物标记物. 相似文献
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糖类物质是自然界存在的一大类具有广谱化学结构和生物学功能的有机化合物 ,在体内具有重要的和复杂的生理作用和生理活性。研究发现 ,许多糖类化合物本身具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤活性 ,但由于其在治疗疾病的同时也会给身体带来毒副作用 ,因而限制了其作为药物的应用。对糖及其衍生物进行化学修饰可以提高生物活性 ,降低毒副作用 ,因此引起了高度重视。海洋生物如各种藻类和甲壳动物等是糖类及其衍生物的重要来源。长期以来 ,我国对海洋糖类化合物的研究还只停留在提取分离技术和简单的分子修饰上 ,一些具有活性的混合提取物和非单一多糖及… 相似文献
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从海洋生物中寻找高效、低毒副作用的抗肿瘤药物是近年天然药物研究的新领域。随着海洋生物药学研究的不断深入,发现许多海洋生物的活性物质源于其食物。因此对于海洋生物食物链基层藻类的生物活性物质研究,更具有实际的意义。藻蓝蛋白(C-phycocyanin,C-PC)是存在于一些藻体中的光合色素蛋白,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等多种生物学功能,有重要的开发利用价值。国内外关于藻蓝蛋白的抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究已有报道,而酶解后的藻蓝蛋白多肽抗肿瘤效应研究国内外报道很少。随着酶工程技术的发展和应用,利用蛋白酶水解藻蓝蛋白获取生物活性肽更具研究开发潜力,围绕藻蓝蛋白及其酶解产物的抗肿瘤活性及机制进行了综述。 相似文献
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低分子肝素作为一种抗血栓的多糖药物在临床中已应用了二十多年 ,目前已作为外科预防血栓形成药物 ,并在治疗急性静脉栓塞紊乱方面取代了未分级肝素。因肝素的来源和制备的方法不同使低分子肝素的精细结构不同 ,低分子肝素结构的复杂性 ,使得各产品的生物活性 ,例如抗蛋白酶活性不同 ,从而导致其临床使用的标准不同。该文将对低分子肝素的制备方法及其结构和抗蛋白酶活性的差异进行报导 相似文献
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海藻酸是我国海洋水产资源的重要组成部分,21世纪被称为海洋和生物世纪,在“蓝色医药产业”正在兴起的今日,将海藻酸系列开发为活性药物和新型药用敷料具有重要意义。文中归纳了海藻酸胶的生物学活性、作为活性药物的应用和新型药用敷料的开发,并分析了国内海藻酸产品的现状,阐述了海藻酸胶的开发前景。 相似文献
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分子修饰在多糖构效关系研究中的应用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
分子修饰可改变多糖结构和生物活性,是多糖构效关系及其药物研究的有效手段;而构效关系研究结果又指导着多糖分子修饰的方向,为其药物设计、研究和开发提供理论支持。本文综述了分子修饰在多糖构效关系研究中的作用,并对分子修饰在多糖类药物研究中的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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中国海洋天然活性物质开发新技术21世纪发展战略 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
海洋天然活性物质是指海水、沉积物和在海洋环境生存的动植物体中所含有的具有生理活性的物质，一般情况下则指海洋生物体中的生物活性物质。几千年来，人们一直在探索和发现这类物质，并扩大它的应用，在当今人类回归大自然的浪潮中，海洋天然活性物质的开发成了国际热点之一 [1～ 9]。本文在分析了国外的进展，我国的水平与差距后，提出了我国海洋天然活性物质开发新技术的发展战略。 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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Amino acids, neutral sugars and amino sugars were analyzed to investigate the chemical composition and diagenetic processing of suspended particulate organic matter (POM, > 100 nm), high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (HMW DOM, 1–100 nm) and low-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (LMW DOM, < 1 nm) at the time-series stations near Bermuda (BATS) and Hawaii (HOT). Differences between BATS and HOT were principally related to location-specific biogeochemical processes and water mass ventilation ages. Concentrations of amino acids, neutral sugar and amino sugars in unfiltered seawater sharply declined with depth at both stations, indicating an upper ocean source and rapid turnover of these components. The size distribution of organic matter was heavily skewed to smaller molecular sizes. Depth comparisons showed that larger size classes of organic matter were more efficiently removed than smaller size classes. Carbon-normalized yields of amino acids, neutral sugars and amino sugars decreased rapidly with depth and molecular size. Together these biochemicals accounted for 55% of organic carbon in surface POM but only 2% of the organic carbon in LMW DOM in deep water. Chemical compositions showed distinct differences between organic matter size classes indicating the extent of diagenetic processing increased with decreasing molecular size. These findings are consistent with the size-reactivity continuum model for organic matter in which bioreactivity decreases with decreasing molecular size and diagenetic processes lead to the formation of smaller components that are resistant to biodegradation. The data also provided evidence for a size-composition continuum. Carbon-normalized yields of amino acids, neutral sugars and amino sugars were sensitive indicators of diagenetic alterations. Diagenetic indicators based on amino acid compositions revealed distinct patterns for the North Pacific and Sargasso Sea possibly indicating the influence of varying sources or diagenetic processing. 相似文献
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利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。 相似文献
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Jenny Davis Ronald Benner 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2005,52(24-26):3396
The objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonality, abundance, sources and bioreactivity of organic matter in the water column of the western Arctic Ocean. The concentrations of particulate and dissolved amino acids and amino sugars, as well as bulk properties of particulate and dissolved organic matter (DOM), were measured in shelf, slope and basin waters collected during the spring and summer of 2002. Particulate organic matter concentrations in shelf waters increased by a factor of 10 between spring and summer. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations exhibited only minor seasonal variations, whereas dissolved amino acid concentrations doubled between spring and summer, and dissolved amino sugars increased by 31% in shelf waters of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Concentrations of DOC did not exhibit a significant seasonal change in surface waters of the Canada Basin, but dissolved amino acid concentrations increased by 45% between spring and summer. No significant seasonal differences were detected in the concentration or composition of DOM in waters below 100 m in depth. Concentrations of particulate and dissolved amino acids and amino sugars were strongly correlated with chlorophyll-a, indicating a plankton source of freshly produced organic matter. The amino acid and amino sugar compositions of freshly produced DOM indicated that a large portion of this material is bioavailable. While freshly produced DOM was found to be relatively bioreactive, preformed DOM in the Arctic appears to be less bioreactive but similar in degradation state to average DOM in the Atlantic and Pacific. These data demonstrate substantial summer production of POM and DOM on the Chukchi and Beaufort shelves that is available for utilization in shelf waters and export to the Canada Basin. 相似文献
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缢蛏肉的食品化学特性及其营养液的研制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck))内的食品化学特性。结果表明,缢蛏内的营养特点是蛋白质丰富,低脂肪,富含灰分和总糖;蛋白质的氨基酸组成中富含呈味氨基酸．并富含婴幼儿所需的组氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸;蛋白质氨基酸价为82,其显著特点是只有一种限制氨基酸,且其它氨基酸效价较均衡,说明必需氨基酸的组成比较合理;缢蛏贝内中含有丰富矿物质元素,是人体所需的多种矿物质元素的良好来源。在此基础上研制了缢蛏营养液．缢蛏营养液含有缢蛏内的全部营养,易吸收,无明显腥味。 相似文献
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野生黄唇鱼Bahaba flavolabiata肌肉和鳔营养成分的分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生物化学方法测定和分析了野生黄唇鱼(Bahaba flavolabiata)肌肉和鳔的营养成分。黄唇鱼肌肉和鳔的营养成分都属于高蛋白、低脂肪类型。肌肉的必需氨基酸模式优于FAO/WHO的理想模式,氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量均较高,种类齐全。鳔的氨基酸组成较FAO/WHO的理想模式低,但其蛋白质含量高达35.90%,高于其他已报道的水产品,粗脂肪和粗灰分含量较低;氨基酸种类齐全且含量丰富,富含鲜味氨基酸;在氨基酸测定中发现了牛磺酸、γ-氨基丁酸、鸟氨酸和羟脯氨酸等4种具有重要生理功能的衍生氨基酸。肌肉和鳔的支/芳值均接近正常人的水平,不饱和脂肪酸含量较丰富,与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值分别为1.45和1.51,含有人体所必需的钙、钠、钾、镁、铁、铜、锌等元素。结果表明,黄唇鱼肌肉具有较高的营养价值,肌肉和鳔均属于优质的海产蛋白源。 相似文献
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Amino acids were determined in estuarine colloidal and particulate material from near surface waters ranging from fresh to brackish water (12 g kg?1 salinity). The hydrolizable amino acids and associated ammonia account for an average of 80% of the nitrogen present in colloidal samples, and approximately 75% of the nitrogen from particulate fractions of the same samples. The relative proportions of these amino acids are similar to those of a cultured estuarine diatom. There are no significant amounts of D amino acids, or non-protein amino acids characteristic of bacteria in sediments and soil. A single deep-water sample (25 m) shows some evidence of bottom mud resuspension by the presence of a possible aspartic acid-hydroxyproline dimer. 相似文献