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1.
从生物扰动构造看古近纪东营湖的湖水分层 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生物扰动构造发育程度与湖水充氧条件及湖水分层有密切关系。通过对山东东营凹陷下第三系 5套油源岩的生物扰动构造进行分析 ,分别讨论了其沉积时期古湖泊水体的分层状况。富有机质纹层页岩中无生物扰动构造 ,生物扰动指数为 0 ,表明其沉积时为一稳定分层、底层水缺氧的古湖泊 ;钙质块状纹层泥岩中含显微生物扰动构造 ,主要分布在细粒方解石纹层中 ,生物扰动指数为 1,反映较稳定分层、缺氧但有短暂充氧的沉积环境 ;钙质纹层页岩中显微生物扰动构造可局部富集呈层 ,生物扰动指数为 1～ 2 ,反映当时古湖泊有季节性回水 ,含氧量呈季节性变化 ;红、灰条带状粉砂质泥岩肉眼即可观察到生物扰动构造 ,主要分布在红色层中 ,生物扰动指数为 2～ 3,反映为不分层、充氧的古湖泊环境 ;块状泥岩扰动最为强烈 ,生物扰动指数为 6 ,表明为不分层、充氧的沉积环境 相似文献
2.
川西上三叠统海绵生物礁的分布及其控制因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
四川盆地西部在晚三叠世早期(卡尼期)为被动大陆边缘环境, 沉积岩石单元为马鞍塘组。其中发育硅质海绵生物礁类型为点礁, 分布在马鞍塘组的上部。点礁组合为礁基、 礁核、礁翼、礁盖。现今出露礁体的分布主要沿着龙门山, 呈NE-SW向展布。海绵礁体的分布与造礁生物海绵的自身特点、沉积环境、构造背景、生物组合、洋流等密切相关。本文基于此, 认为生物礁分布在绵竹—江油一带, 分布于大陆斜坡上, 水体相对较深, 呈宽带分布, 礁体大小不一。现今礁体部分暴露于地表, 部分被推覆体或上覆地层覆盖。该生物礁组合具有一定的油气成藏的地质条件, 可以作为石油勘探的靶区。 相似文献
3.
辽东太子河流域中石炭世若干生物礁的发现及研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
辽东太子河流域中石炭统本溪组中发现了若干个生物礁。造礁生物为Chaetetes Penchiensis和Arach nastraeaman chrita。太子河流域的几个生物礁在生物组成、造礁方式和礁石特征等诸方面完全一致。在宏观上呈不连续天带状展布。与区域沉积相带展布方向相同。因此,本文认为它们同属一个岸礁体系。 相似文献
4.
5.
塔里木盆地西南地区上白垩统生物丘 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
塔里木盆地西南部昆仑山前缘地区上白垩统依格孜牙组中发育一套固着蛤生物丘,横向上由西向东沿阿克彻依、乌依塔克、依格孜牙、吐依洛克、阿尔塔什至莫莫卡一线呈串珠状展布。丘基下部为潜在的生油岩———藻泥晶灰岩,上部为生物碎屑滩,主体丘核为簇状固着蛤灰岩,丘顶藻席可见清楚的上超。生物丘下伏地层及盖层均为膏泥岩,形成了一个顶底圈闭。 相似文献
6.
用生物标志物定量计算混合原油油源的数学模型 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
多烃源层叠合盆地混源油油源的定量计算是十分困难的问题.典型原油的人工混合配比实验显示,当两个生物标志物浓度不同的原油相混合时,各类生物标志物的比值参数随端元原油混入量呈非线性变化,以生物标志物比值参数和简单的二元线性关系方程定量计算混源油的混合比例将导致错误的结论.三个或者三个以上原油相混合时,各类生物标志物比值参数的变化更加复杂,各端元原油的贡献更加难以判识.但是,人工混合模拟实验表明混合油中生物标志物绝对含量与端元油的混入量呈线性关系,数学推导证明了这种线性关系,由此推导出相应的数学计算模型,其中:二元混合时比值参数与混入量呈双曲线关系,三元混合呈双曲面关系,四元及其以上的多元混合呈多维曲面,可以矩阵的方式定量计算各端元油的比例.依据这些数学模型,应用生物标志物的绝对含量和(或)生物标志物比值参数均可以定量计算出混源原油中各类原油的贡献比例.数学模型比通常的人工模拟实验方法更加经济、方便、精确和可靠. 相似文献
7.
沾化凹陷长堤地区沙一段属于低勘探层段,目前在沙一段下部生物灰岩中钻遇高产油气,沙一段生物灰岩成为勘探热点,而生物灰岩发育模式及分布特征认识不清。以岩芯、录井、测井及三维地震资料为基础,对工区生物灰岩进行系统研究,取得以下几方面认识:1）结合前人层序划分基础,依据地震及井孔资料,将沙一段作为一个三级层序,并利用高频层序划分原理,将沙一段下部细分为三个四级层序,而生物灰岩发育于三个四级层序中;2）生物灰岩分布受古气候、相对古水深和古地貌控制,研究区沙一段时期为亚热带湿润-干旱气候,微咸水湖泊环境,生物灰岩发育在湖平面动荡的湖退体系域中,相对古水深处于稳定的下降过程,录井资料证实生物灰岩多分布于古地貌西南部缓坡及东部洼槽;3）依据主控因素建立生物滩发育模式,划分为缓坡生物滩发育模式和洼槽生物滩发育模式,并确定研究区生物灰岩内幕演化过程,指明研究区发育三期生物灰岩,三期生物灰岩依次向北部长堤潜山呈退积迁移;4）通过对四级层序中生物灰岩垂向发育特征和平面展布特征的分析,并基于敏感地震属性平面分布预测,结合古地貌,确定研究区生物灰岩呈南厚北薄,东部洼槽发育较厚,条带状分布的特征。最后,确定了长堤地区沙一段下部生物灰岩发育模式及分布特征,深化了湖相生物灰发育模式理论研究,为济阳坳陷沙一段特殊岩性油藏勘探和圈闭优选提供指导。 相似文献
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井下钻探结果和地震资料表明四川盆地北部上二叠统长兴组生物礁发育,通过对典型井长兴组岩性与电性资料的分析,明确了生物礁的岩性与储层发育特征。根据井下生物礁及围岩岩性与电性资料并结合过井地震剖面反射波的几何特征,建立台地边缘生物礁的地震正演数值模型,通过对比生物礁模型地震正演记录与实际生物礁地震剖面,建立针对研究区台地边缘生物礁的地震响应特征模式。依据生物礁的地震响应特征对该地区连片二、三维地震测线开展地震相分析,通过已有钻井地震相与沉积相对应关系分析,指出了长兴组生物礁在该地区的分布规律。四川北部地区地震相与沉积相带具有良好的对应关系,存在环台棚-海盆相的台地前缘斜坡-台地边缘生物礁相-开阔台地相沉积体系,地震剖面上生物礁的外部形态呈丘状或透镜状,内部为杂乱反射特征;礁盖白云岩具有亮点反射特征,生物礁底界面出现上凸或者下凹反射现象,生物礁的上部地层具有披覆反射结构,四川盆地北部地区长兴组台地边缘生物礁相在台棚-海盆相东、西两侧沿北西向呈条带状展布,分布面积大于2000km~2,生物礁气藏勘探潜力巨大。 相似文献
9.
长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物AVS和SEM含量的空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带37个站位沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）和同时可提取态重金属（SEM）含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,SEM在37个站位沉积物中浓度范围为0．20～1．37μmol／g,平均值为0．74μmol／g;AVS的浓度范围为0．20—0．80μmol／g,平均值为0．23μmol／g;沉积物中AVS含量与总有机碳（TOC）和含水率呈显著正相关关系,而SEM分别与TOC和含水率呈显著正相关关系,与沉积物中值粒径呈显著负相关关系。依据SEM／AVS比值评价方法以及美国EPA（SEM—AVS）差值评价方法对沉积物中重金属的生物有效性的判断表明,除了B2站点无显著生物毒性外,吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物中重金属对水生生物均处于中等毒性水平。 相似文献
10.
西太平洋暖池区是指位于热带西太平洋及印度洋东部海表温度常年在28 ℃以上的海域,是全球海表温度最高的深海区,构造环境与沉积环境复杂,沉积物中的生物组分含量差异较大,生物组分会对深海沉积物物理力学性质产生显著影响,但目前对沉积物中生物组分含量和沉积物物理力学性质之间的相关性关系尚不明确。本文对西太平洋暖池区核心部位的表层沉积物样品进行现场物理力学性质测试和室内涂片鉴定,研究深海表层沉积物的物理力学性质与生物组分之间的关系。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物含水率范围为61.1%~435.1%,天然密度范围为1.04~1.76 g/cm3,贯入阻力范围为0~100 kPa,十字板剪切强度范围为0~8.6 kPa,整体具有高含水率、低密度、低强度等典型的深海沉积物物理力学性质特点。西加洛林海脊、海山等CCD以浅的区域为钙质生物组分>50%的钙质沉积区;西加洛林海槽西南部及其周边的深水沟槽地区一般为硅质生物组分>50%的硅质沉积;西加洛林海盆内部则主要为黏土沉积区。随钙质生物组分减少和硅质生物组分增多,表层沉积物类型分别为钙质沉积物、黏土沉积物和硅质沉积物,天然含水率变高,天然密度、贯入阻力和十字板剪切强度降低,表明深海表层沉积物的物理力学性质与生物组分含量密切相关:贯入阻力、十字板剪切强度、天然密度与钙质生物组分含量呈正相关,与硅质生物组分含量呈负相关;而天然含水率正好相反,与钙质生物组分含量呈负相关,与硅质生物组分含量呈正相关。本文建立了深海沉积物中生物组分与物理力学性质之间的相关关系,提出了沉积物生物组分含量与物理力学性质之间的拟合公式,可以为深海沉积物工程性质的评价提供参考。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
16.
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献