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湘中锡矿山锑矿床是世界上最大的锑矿床,被誉为“世界锑都”,但由于已开采了100多年,目前资源面临枯竭,亟需新的成矿理论和找矿方法来指导其深边部的找矿工作。方解石作为贯通矿物,在锡矿山矿区分布广泛,从成矿早期、成矿晚期到成矿后均有分布。在对其野外地质特征、手标本及镜下特征进行详细研究的基础上,本文探讨了该区不同期次方解石的稀土元素地球化学特征、稀土元素配分模式的差异性、以及这种差异性稀土元素配分模式的找矿指示意义。研究表明,成矿期方解石其稀土元素配分模式均表现为MREE和HREE富集型,而成矿后方解石则为LREE富集型或者平坦型,且成矿早期和成矿晚期也存在明显差异。富MREE和HREE、且轻、重稀土分异强烈的方解石,可用来寻找矿区浅部和周边石英-辉锑矿型富矿体;而富MREE和HREE、且轻、重稀土分异程度中等的方解石,可用于寻找矿区深部的盲矿体（方解石-辉锑矿型矿石）。成矿期方解石富MREE和HREE的这种配分模式,在华南锑矿床和卡林型金矿床中均普遍存在,因此,方解石有望成为华南地区寻找锑矿和卡林型金矿一种新的指示矿物。 相似文献
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湘西渣滓溪钨锑矿床白钨矿中稀土元素的不均匀分布及其地质意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
位于湘西雪峰山中段的渣滓溪钨锑矿床是我国典型的脉状充填型锑矿床。本文利用高精度的LA-ICP-MS对该矿床中白钨矿的稀土元素进行了原位分析。研究表明,渣滓溪白钨矿中的稀土元素分布存在强烈的不均一性:不同白钨矿颗粒、甚至同一颗粒不同部位,其稀土元素含量和配分模式,均可相差很大。该矿床白钨矿中的稀土元素配分模式大体可分为MREE富集型、MREE亏损型和REE平坦型三种;这三种配分模式既可独立存在、也可分布于同一薄片中,甚至于同一矿物颗粒中。上述3种REE配分模式在同一白钨矿颗粒中的存在,可能揭示了成矿热液体系一个完整的动力学演化过程:早期热液中MREE优先进入白钨矿晶体;这种富MREE白钨矿的沉淀,会明显改变成矿流体中的稀土元素组成,形成一种贫MREE的流体;这种经演化而贫MREE的流体导致晚期沉淀的白钨矿MREE亏损,而LREE和HREE相对富集。本研究表明,传统利用块样分析稀土元素的做法需谨慎小心,以免得到一些错误的信息和结论。 相似文献
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晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素特征及其指示意义 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本文系统地研究了黔西南晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学,表明不同颜色、不同矿物组合的萤石的稀土元素含量变化较大,但具有固定的REE分配模式,以明显的负Ce异常、富MREE、分配曲线相对平缓为特征;这种配分模式主要是受其晶体化学因素的控制,而与溶液中REE络合物的稳定性关系不大。萤石的稀土元素组成与其矿物共生组合关系不大,但与其颜色关系较密切。萤石的Ce、Eu异常主要是受氧逸度的控制,流体源区的氧逸度较高,矿物沉淀场所的氧逸度相对较低,从而导致该矿中萤石呈明显的负Ce异常,或正或负的Eu异常。晴隆锑矿床形成于开放体系条件下,水/岩反应很可能是导致萤石发生沉淀的主要机制。萤石中的Ca部分来自茅口组灰岩,部分来自大厂层玄武岩;而矿化剂F可能主要来自外部。 相似文献
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向阳坪铀矿床是桂北苗儿山地区最具代表性的花岗岩型铀矿床,对该矿床矿石矿物REE开展了微区原位研究并结合前人研究成果进行了综合分析,表明铀黑∑REE介于689.12×10~(-6)～869.31×10~(-6)之间,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损具强Eu负异常及Ce正异常,TE_(1,3)值介于1.26～1.33之间,具典型M型四分组效应;沥青铀矿∑REE介于569.73×10~(-6)～3 373.83×10~(-6)之间表现出两种特征:①LREE富集,HREE亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较大具强Eu负异常和弱Ce正异常,配分曲线呈右倾型;②轻重稀土元素分馏程度较小,Eu负异常明显弱Ce负异常,配分曲线呈海鸥型。围岩稀土元素配分模式相似,Y/Ho值范围狭窄,指示具有相同物源;矿石矿物稀土元素与围岩存在较大差异,亲缘性不明显。成矿作用伴随围岩发生蚀变及围岩高铀背景;成矿流体具多阶段、富U-Y-REE特征,铀主要来自深部热液,围岩贡献不显著;矿床定位受构造-岩体联合控制,矿体规模、形态受构造规模、产状控制。 相似文献
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骨洞坑大型萤石矿床位于华夏古板块北东端,产出于下白垩统馆头组与燕山晚期花岗岩的接触带中。本文在地质调查基础上,对浙江缙云骨洞坑萤石矿床中的萤石进行阴极发光(CL)及原位稀土元素(REE)地球化学研究,以探讨缙云骨洞坑萤石矿床REE演化过程以及成矿物质来源。结果表明,骨洞坑萤石REE配分模式包括3种类型:“V”字型、重稀土元素(HREE)富集型和轻稀土元素(LREE)富集型。扫描电镜阴极发光(SEM-CL)图像显示,骨洞坑萤石发育不同类型的条带,早期萤石被晚期萤石交代,表明骨洞坑萤石经历了复杂的演化。萤石光学显微镜阴极发光(OM-CL)图像主要呈蓝色与绿色,可能与Sm3+和Dy3+的激活作用有关。单颗粒萤石原位分析结果显示,从核心到边缘,骨洞坑萤石的REE地球化学特征存在3种情况:(1)完全相同的REE配分模式和∑REE;(2)REE配分模式相同,但∑REE递减;(3)REE配分模式和∑REE都不相同。通过对比萤石样品与围岩REE配分模式,推断萤石REE具有多种来源,其与矿区内各类围岩密切相关,成矿流体受REE稳定性及络合作用影响,表现出与围岩... 相似文献
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冬瓜林萤石矿床是贵州西南部晴隆大厂锑矿床南东新发现的一处规模达中型的代表性萤石矿床,矿床中伴生少量的锑矿。本文在开展该萤石矿床地质调查工作的基础上,对萤石及围岩样品的微量和稀土元素地球化学组成特征进行分析,并与大厂锑矿伴生萤石的微量元素组成进行对比,以认识该矿床的成因,探讨其成矿物质来源。结果表明,所有萤石样品中的Sb和Ti等元素含量相对于上地壳呈现出显著富集的特征,Y相对较富集,而其他元素呈现出亏损特征。全部萤石样品的稀土元素配分模式相近,所含的稀土元素总量均不高,其∑REE变化范围为12.7×10-6～32.7×10-6,均值18.5×10-6,与晴隆大厂锑矿伴生的萤石稀土元素组成特征相似。同时,所有萤石样品的Eu呈现弱负异常特征(δEu为0.79～0.96,均值0.87),而Ce呈现出明显负异常特征(δCe为0.65～0.79,平均0.71),其配分模式也与晴隆大厂锑矿伴生萤石类似。推测东瓜林萤石矿床与晴隆大厂锑矿属于同一个成矿系统,均为低温热液成因,萤石-锑矿化可能形成于相对还原的环境。此外,冬瓜林萤石矿床成矿物... 相似文献
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本文利用ICP-MS对2006—2008年采自黄河三角洲湿地系统的208个表层土壤(沉积物)样品进行了14项稀土元素(REE)分析,研究了黄河三角洲不同植被覆盖下REE的配分模式特征。结果表明:上三角洲平原湿地表层土壤稀土元素总量(ΣREE)分布范围为137.29×10-6~267.82×10-6,平均值为166.73×10-6。碱蓬湿地和光滩湿地的配分曲线比较接近;芦苇湿地和柽柳湿地的配分曲线也比较接近,具有配分曲线整体低于碱蓬湿地和光滩湿地的趋势。研究区浅海湿地表层沉积物ΣREE为143.11×10-6~222.48×10-6,平均值为180.80×10-6。黄河上三角洲平原各类湿地稀土元素配分曲线高于黄河浅海湿地的稀土元素配分曲线,黄河浅海湿地的稀土元素配分曲线高于黄河沉积物的稀土元素配分曲线,且其配分曲线LREE较分散,而HREE较集中甚至重合。由此证明,稀土元素与植物分带具有成因关系,即黄河三角洲湿地系统LREE较多的参与到了植被的生物地球化学循环,而HREE在湿地生态系统呈生物化学惰性。 相似文献
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浙江八面山萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对浙江八面山萤石矿床中不同类型萤石矿石和围岩样品的稀土元素的系统分析表明,细粒萤石矿石的ΣREE〈39×10-6,LREE为14.36×10-6～34.24×10-6,HREE0.96×10-6～2.04×10-6,Y〈3×10-6;巨晶萤石矿石中的ΣREE3.62×10-6～20.81×10-6,LREE2.71×10-6～17.67×10-6,HREE0.24×10-6～1.49×10-6;而围岩花岗岩的ΣREE460.29×10-6,LREE225.97×10-6,HREE91.32×10-6,Y＆gt;140×10-6;沉积岩中的ΣREE20.22×10-6、LREE16.11×10-6、HREE1.61×10-6。矿石与围岩中沉积岩的稀土总量、轻稀土、重稀土和Y的含量接近,与花岗岩的稀土总量、轻稀土、重稀土和Y元素含量相差悬殊。萤石矿石的稀土分布型式主要为轻稀土富集型,（La/Yb）N通常多数大于8,在8.07～17.26间,δEu值在0.45～1.30,δCe在0.89～1.14间,Ce、Eu基本不显异常。矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,八面山萤石矿床为受地层、岩体与断裂共同控制＂三位一体＂的低温热液型矿床。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2018,(6)
萤石是稀缺性战略资源之一。由于萤石独立矿床较少,以往的研究都是以其作为脉石矿物开展的,针对萤石矿床本身的研究还很有限。高岭萤石矿床是黔西南晴隆锑矿床外围新发现的一个独立萤石矿床,伴有少量锑矿化。本文在高岭独立萤石矿床地质研究的基础上,采用微钻取样技术和微波消解方法,获得了不同颜色萤石和萤石颗粒不同位置的微量和稀土元素含量数据。结果显示,全部萤石样品中As、Sb等低温元素相对上地壳呈明显的富集,而其它元素则不同程度亏损,表明这些萤石均具有低温成矿特征,这与它们的流体包裹体测温结果(90～200℃)相吻合。全部萤石样品的REE配分模式相似,它们的总REE含量不高,ΣREE范围介于11.4×10-6～105×10-6之间,平均46.6×10-6,而紫色萤石明显较白色和浅绿色萤石具有更高的ΣREE,表明不同颜色萤石均来自同一成矿流体,但属于不同阶段演化的产物。此外,全部萤石的Eu异常不显著(δEu=0.91～1.20,平均0.98),但Ce负异常明显(δCe=0.51～0.90,平均0.68),暗示这些萤石很可能形成于较还原的流体环境,这与萤石中伴有锑矿化的事实吻合。综上,本文认为高岭萤石矿床形成于还原的成矿环境,属于低温热液成因,与晴隆锑矿床同属于一个成矿系统,均是华南大面积低温域的重要组成部分之一。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献