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1.
新近纪以来中国黄土高原的风尘记录 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对黄土高原中部两个典型的风尘堆积序列的岩性和磁性地层研究 ,认为中国黄土高原风尘堆积的开始发育年龄至少约为 7.2 Ma B.P.。以红粘土和黄土—古土壤交互出现的风尘沉积 ,不仅真实地记录了东亚季风气候的形成演化 ,而且可能包含了青藏高原的阶段性隆升、北半球冰盖形成演化及大冰期发生等构造气候事件的印记。反映粉尘源区的干燥度及携带粉尘的大气环流强度的风尘沉积速率自 7.2 Ma B.P.开始、尤其是 4.5 Ma B.P.以来逐渐增大 ,似乎暗示了自新近纪以来亚洲内陆粉尘源区干旱化的逐级发展和东亚冬季风环流强度的逐渐增加 相似文献
2.
湖北秭归沙镇溪剖面的巫山黄土地层结构与特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江流域是中国粉尘堆积黄土的南界。分布于长江三峡河谷的巫山黄土是长江流域的代表性黄土,具有重要的科学意义。巫山黄土由于受峡谷地形影响及堆积之后边坡地质作用改造,在空间上零星分布于不同地貌位置,其厚度和完整程度常依其地形的不同而差异较大。已有研究也大多拘于对巫山县城一带的某一剖面的某一具体问题的讨论,尚缺乏对巫山黄土地层的总体认识。巫山黄土完整地层结构和黄土—古土壤序列特征,已成为制约其深入研究的基础地质问题。本文根据最近发现秭归沙镇溪黄土剖面,基于其代表性和完整性特点,首次对巫山黄土进行了地层划分,并与北方黄土进行了对比。研究认为,巫山黄土共有4层黄土、2层弱发育古土壤(钙质结核)和1层古土壤组成,大致相当于黄土高原的马兰黄土及离石黄土的顶部(L_1—L_2),4层黄土分别相对应于渭南黄土剖面的L_(1-1、)L_(1-3、)L_(1-5)和L_2,2层钙质结核分别相对于L_(1-2)和L_(1-4),古土壤层即为S_1。相比于北方黄土地层巫山黄土的黄土层颜色更加偏深、稍红,古土壤层S1裂隙面上见有明显的铁锰质薄膜,成壤作用较北方黄土更强。这可能是由于巫山黄土的地理分布更加靠近夏季风控制区,气候环境有所不同。 相似文献
3.
《地层学杂志》2017,(2)
水沟—会兴沟遗址是黄土高原东南部三门峡盆地的一个代表性旧石器遗址,传统上将遗址文化层上覆较厚的黄土层看作是"红色土",而认为文化层属于中更新世早期。在对遗址的会兴沟剖面进行野外考察和地层划分基础上,通过对剖面磁化率曲线的测量及与不同黄土剖面土壤地层和磁化率曲线的对比,证实遗址剖面上部的黄土地层包括了S_0~S_8的黄土-古土壤序列。遗址文化层位于S8以下约10m处的河流相地层中,因此其年代必定早于S_8顶部的轨道调谐年龄,即0.8Ma。因为遗址文化层出现在黄河第四级阶地的河流相地层中,而河流相地层是在L9形成时的冰期环境下河流沉积作用的产物,其轨道调谐年龄为0.86~0.95Ma。据此推断该年龄即是遗址文化层的形成年代。 相似文献
4.
对垣曲盆地原土坪阶地剖面进行了详细的沉积学和磁性地层学研究,结果表明,原土坪剖面地层自下而上由水下河湖相-漫滩相-风尘堆积构成,整个剖面记录了一个水位下降、由水下沉积环境转变为气下环境的连续堆积过程。剖面地层记录的1.84～1.62MaB.P.期间由河湖相沉积环境转变为典型风尘堆积的沉积转型及风尘堆积反映出的1.21MaB.P.前后古气候变化事件是对青藏高原青藏运动C幕和昆黄运动的区域沉积响应。开始于1.62MaB.P.的典型风尘堆积底界年龄代表了该级阶地的形成时代,表明该段黄河至少在此时已经形成。 相似文献
5.
萨拉乌苏组地层年代学研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
我国北方地区晚更新世河湖相标准地层——萨拉乌苏组地层的年代学研究,有助于正确理解萨拉乌苏组与马兰黄土以及与冰期气候对比等关系。笔者近年来根据野外层位对比和地层沉积相的划分,采用同位素年代测定,并结合黄土-古土壤序列研究的最新成果,初步建立了可以与黄土、深海沉积记录和冰期气候波动对比的萨拉乌苏组地层序列。认为河湖相沉积的萨拉乌苏组形成于约140-70kaBP的末次间冰期,大致与深海氧同位素第5阶段对应,与黄土高原古土壤S1发育同期。城川组风成细砂形成于约70-10kaBP的末次冰期,与黄土高原的马兰黄土是同期异相地质体. 相似文献
6.
兰州地区新近纪地层的沉积相与古环境记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
兰州地区位于黄土和青藏高原的过渡带,其第三纪地层对研究风尘沉积发育和青藏高原隆升都有着特殊的意义。本研究以0.25 m为间距对厚度210 m的兰州皋兰山剖面的新近纪地层采集样品901个,在实验室对试验样品进行前处理后对其进行了粒度、磁化率和色度测试。用粒度分布函数的方法分离了沉积物的各成因组分,确定了风成组分和水成组分在全剖面沉积物中所占的百分比。结合色度和磁化率的实验结果分析表明,皋兰山剖面地层以风尘沉积为主,其间夹有河流相沉积的约15层砂岩。古环境的恢复表明,兰州地区从至少约7 Ma开始,沉积地层经历了由河湖相向风尘沉积转变,气候干旱化开始,与黄土高原风尘序列堆积底界8～7 Ma基本一致。6～5.2 Ma构造稳定,是比较开阔的平原环境,并且气候条件比较湿热;5.2～3.5 Ma间构造波动比较频繁,形成了间隔性的河流相砂岩沉积,而在气候表现为干冷;自3.5 Ma开始,兰州地区发生相对构造沉陷,五泉砾岩层的发育是对青藏运动A幕的具体响应。 相似文献
7.
千伏村剖面是一沉积延续时间跨越末次冰期时期的湖相沉积剖面。论文利用S_1/L_1、L_1/S_0界线年龄及OSL测年数据建立了剖面的深度-年龄坐标系。根据早期形成的分别与气下黄土和古土壤层发育时代对应的、指示不同气候条件下的湖相沉积层特征差异,论文遴选出小于4μm粘土组分含量、中值粒径(Md)、沉积物磁化率、有机质含量、Rb/Sr比值等参数作为区域气候指代参数。剖面系列气候指代参数的变化曲线显示,区域末次冰期期间出现了10个干冷期,发生时间分别在16.9ka B.P.,22.7ka B.P.,24.9ka B.P.,27.1ka B.P.,31.7ka B.P.,41.5ka B.P.,52.8ka B.P.,56.2ka B.P.,61.6ka B.P.和67.5ka B.P.;其中16.9ka B.P.,22.7ka B.P.,27.1ka B.P.,41.5ka B.P.,52.8ka B.P.和67.5ka B.P.可与北大西洋地区的HI~H6干冷期事件对应。剖面系列气候指代参数变化曲线也记录了区域18个暖湿事件,且这些事件可与北大西洋地区的D/O循环间冰阶事件对应。研究结果显示东亚地区末次冰期期间的气候高频波动可能与北大西洋地区存在某种联系。 相似文献
8.
萨拉乌苏组沉积时代的重新厘定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
重新认识我国北方地区晚更新世河湖相标准地层--萨拉乌苏组的形成时代，对于萨拉乌苏组与马兰黄土的关系，与冰期气候对比等具有重要意义。笔者近年来根据野外层位对比和地层沉积相的划分，采用绝对年代控制，并结合黄土－古土壤序列研究的最新成果，初步建立了可以与黄土、深海沉积记录和冰期气候波动对比的萨拉乌苏组地层序列。认为河湖相沉积的萨拉乌苏组形成于约１４００００～７００００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.的末次间冰期，大致与深海氧同位素第５阶段对应，与黄土高原古土壤Ｓ１发育同期。城川组风成细砂形成于约７００００～１００００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ的末次冰期，与黄土高原的马兰黄土是同期异相地质体. 相似文献
9.
中国季风沙区晚更新世以来环境及其变化 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
本文以对毛乌素沙漠萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾地层剖面晚更新世－全新世砂丘与河湖相、古土壤互为叠覆的高分辨率的气候地层记录的认识出发，同时基于对中国北方现代冬春季节风沙、尘霾活动发生的区域性气候－地质过程的理解，将今释古，反演了该时期中国季风区沙漠沙地曾经历的27个沙漠扩缩的周期性变化，并认为该剖面风砂沉积是过去地质时代季风沙区乃至整个中国沙区类似由现代这种冬春季西伯利亚－蒙古反气旋风系好冬季风向南伸展导致的若干风沙风尘动态过程的结果，而河湖相和古土壤的发育则主要与季风沙区受惠于东亚夏季风的影响有关。 相似文献
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11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献