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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
为深入研究RNA干扰尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGPase)基因的表达对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)碳流分配的影响,本研究以RNA干扰UGP表达的三角褐指藻为对象,测定了野生和转基因藻株的叶绿素荧光参数和生物量,分析了它们的脂肪酸组成和金藻昆布多糖、总脂及蛋白质的含量。研究显示,转基因藻株的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)从指数生长后期开始显著低于野生型,但野生和转基因藻株的终生物量无明显差别。转基因藻株(AS、IR)的C16与C18之和分别占总脂肪酸含量的66.90%和68.89%,比野生藻株分别提高了19.40%和22.97%,说明抑制UGP表达改变了三角褐指藻的脂肪酸组成。转基因藻株的金藻昆布多糖、总脂及蛋白质含量与野生型藻株差别明显:藻株AS的金藻昆布多糖含量降低25.70%,蛋白质含量上升3.80%,总脂含量提高了13.2%;藻株IR的金藻昆布多糖含量降低40.70%,蛋白质含量上升8.30%,总脂含量增加了25.20%。研究结果表明,RNA干扰UGP的表达改变了三角褐指藻的脂肪酸组成,使得在最终生物量无明显减少的情况下,光合作用固定的碳更多转向油脂合成。本研究进一步明确了RNA干扰UGP的表达对三角褐指藻碳流分配的影响机制,为通过基因工程改造藻种提高微藻的生物柴油生产潜力提供了新思路。 相似文献
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为研究硅限制对三角褐指藻脂肪酸组成的影响,用不含硅的f/2人工海水培养基对处于生长指数末期的三角褐指藻进行了0、6、12、24、48h的硅限制并测定了其叶绿素a、叶黄素含量和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,硅限制对三角褐指藻叶绿素a和叶黄素含量无影响,对脂肪酸组成影响显著。硅限制显著增加了C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶1、C16∶2、C20∶5(EPA)百分含量,但各脂肪酸响应硅限制的时间不同。C14∶0在硅限制24、48h显著增加,分别是对照组的1.33倍、1.41倍。C16∶0在硅限制6、48h显著增加,分别是对照组的1.12倍、1.19倍;C16∶1在硅限制48h显著增加,是对照组的1.16倍;C16∶2在硅限制24h显著高于对照组,是对照组的1.27倍;EPA在硅限制24h百分含量达到最大值21.86%,分别是0h和对照组的1.11倍、1.18倍。研究结果表明,一定时间的硅限制能显著提高三角褐指藻EPA百分含量,以期为工业化生产EPA提供理论参考。 相似文献
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温度对四种产油微藻生长和油脂特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用气相质谱联用技术对三株海水微藻—三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum,CCMM2012)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris,CCMM4004)、微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.,CCMM6004),和一株淡水微藻—栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda,CCMM4002)在不同温度下的生长及油脂变化规律进行研究。结果表明:三角褐指藻、小球藻和栅藻在20℃下的油脂产率最大,分别为2.94、5.79和5.83mg/L/d,它们在20℃的培养条件下比较适合应用于生物能源开发;而微拟球藻在25℃下油脂产率最大,达6.45mg/L/d,因此此温度下更适合用于生物能源开发。三角褐指藻在15℃条件下DHA和EPA含量最多,为16.47%,而微拟球藻在25℃下DHA和EPA最多,为22.74%;因此三角褐指藻和微拟球藻在15℃和25℃下均比较适合应用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发,而小球藻和栅藻的EPA和DHA含量在三个温度下普遍较少,不适合用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发。 相似文献
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海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
于1995年4—12月在中国科学院海洋研究所进行微藻除菌及比较除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点的研究。经平板培养排除霉菌后,利用组合抗生素(青霉素+卡那霉素+链霉素+庆大霉素)获得除菌球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及小球藻,对抗生素处理前后的微藻生长特点进行比较研究。结果表明,与未除菌时相比,除菌后的球等鞭金藻及小球藻不易老化(可保持良好悬浮30d以上);回加细菌于除菌藻,藻细胞下沉附底,说明细菌可促使微藻细胞老化。无维生素时,除菌后的球等鞭金藻生长更差,暗示未除菌的球等鞭金藻培养液内可能存在产(类)维生素细菌。除菌后三角褐指藻细胞形态发生一定变化,回加细菌后藻细胞形态有部分恢复。与未除菌时相比,除菌后三角褐指藻更能耐受高温(如30℃)。另外,某些抗生素能够刺激球等鞭金藻的生长。 相似文献
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30株海洋绿藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
对 11属 (小球藻属、绿囊藻属、微绿球藻属、海绿球藻属、卵胞藻属、原球藻属、咸胞藻属、杜氏藻属、裂丝藻属、塔胞藻属和衣藻属 )的 30株海洋绿藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养 ,在指数生长末期收获 ,进行了总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析。 2 1株海洋绿藻的总脂含量超过干重的10 % ,达 11.6 1%～ 34.4 9% ,其它 9株在 4 .2 5%～ 9.4 8%之间 ,绿藻的 16碳和 18碳脂肪酸最为丰富 ,有着含量较高的 16∶ 0、16∶ (n- 3)、18∶ 2 (n- 6 )和 18∶ 3(n- 3)脂肪酸。两株小球藻 (C95,C97)的2 0∶ 5(n- 3)脂肪酸含量较高 ,分别为 2 0 .8%和 2 6 .1%。另一株小球藻 (C10 2 )和两株裂丝藻 (C19和C2 0 ) EPA含量居中 ,分别为 8.0 % ,6 .0 %和 8.1%。其它藻株一般只含有少量的 2 0∶ 5(n- 3)和 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3)或不含 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3) 相似文献
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一种饵料微藻的脂肪酸甾醇分析及化学分类的探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对一种重要的未知生物饵料微藻在充气和瓶中静态两种生态条件下进行培养,设计了一种分步衍生化脂肪酸与甾醇的GC/MS连续分析法,对微藻脂肪酸甾醇进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明,这种微藻主要含有丰富的二十碳五烯酸(EPA),C14:0,C16:0,C16:1以及一定量的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),C22:5(n-6)和C18不饱和脂肪酸;共鉴定出11种甾醇组分,主要是24-甲基(乙基)胆甾醇,碳数分布从27到30,特别含有甲基巴夫甾醇和乙基巴夫甾醇;可以把这种微藻归到Prymnesiophyceae纲Pavlovales目Pavlovaceae科.通过实例分析证明,脂类分析结果可以作为海洋微藻化学分类学的一个重要依据. 相似文献
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在温度为 (2 2± 1 )℃ ,盐度为 2 8的条件下 ,用含不同浓度硝酸钠 (75 ,3 75 ,75 0 ,11 2 5 ,1 5 0 0 ,1 875 mg/L)的培养基对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的 2株三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum MACC/B1 1 8,MACC/B2 2 1 )进行培养。在指数生长期末期进行收获。测定了 2株硅藻的生长及脂肪酸组成。单因子方差分析结果表明 :硝酸钠浓度对 2株三角褐指藻相对生长率和影响差异不显著 ;对脂肪酸组成的影响因种而异 ,2株硅藻的主要脂肪酸为 1 4∶ 0 ,1 6∶ 0 ,1 6∶ 1 n- 7和 2 0∶ 5 n- 3 (EPA) 相似文献
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为了探讨对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应,本研究以三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻为材料,分别比较了不同浓度的对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫对微藻生长以及叶绿素含量的影响,并计算对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻96hEC50。研究表明,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻生长的抑制呈显著的剂量-效应关系,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻96hEC50分别为60.20mg/L和47.82mg/L,对亚心形扁藻的96hEC50值分别为26.49mg/L和85.62mg/L,相比而言,三角褐指藻对苯乙烯敏感,而亚心形扁藻对对二甲苯更为敏感。同时研究还发现,对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫下,试验微藻的叶绿素含量均随处理浓度以及处理时间而显著降低。这些结果为评估对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应提供了依据。 相似文献
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研究6种饵料微藻：微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata）、小球藻（Chlorella．sp）、球等鞭金藻（Isochrysis galbana）、三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subordi-formis）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）对双刺纺锤水蚤（Acartia bifilosa）雌体繁殖的影响,以探索适合培养双刺纺锤水蚤的藻类。应用解剖镜下计数方法对雌体存活率、产卵率、孵化率、排粪率几个指标进行检测。结果表明微绿球藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻明显不适于用作雌体饵料;中肋骨条藻组产卵率最高,亚心形扁藻和三角褐指藻组的产卵率没有显著差异;亚心形扁藻组的排粪率明显低于中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻组;摄食三角褐指藻的雌体所产的卵其平均孵化率要显著低于亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻;亚心形扁藻组雌体的产卵率尽管较中肋骨条藻组低,但却保持最高的雌体存活率,而且排粪率也要比中肋骨条藻低得多。综合比较得出结论：6种饵料微藻中,亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻是两种最适宜培养双刺纺锤水蚤雌体的优良饵料,二者混合使用效果会更好。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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