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在全面收集整理前人研究资料的基础上,系统开展华南不同成铝区带的铝土矿矿床床矿物组合对比工作,认为铝土矿矿床含铝岩系的演化序列与矿物组合存在一定耦合关系,不同成因类型的铝土矿矿床(沉积型、堆积型及红土型)和华南不同成铝带(黔中、渝南—黔北、滇中、滇东南—桂西、桂中)中的矿物组合存在明显差异性。沉积型矿物组合复杂,堆积型和红土型矿物组合单一。一水硬铝石是沉积型和堆积型主要铝矿物,时间上分布于石炭纪—第四纪,空间上除桂中成铝带外,黔中、渝南—黔北、滇中、滇东南—桂西成铝带均有分布;三水铝石是红土型主要铝矿物,时空上分布于第四纪桂中成铝带。高岭石时空分布广泛,是含铝岩系中主要的黏土矿物,各成矿时代和成铝带均有分布;赤铁矿分布零散,不稳定,仅在修文—清镇一带稳定存在含铝岩系底部。伊利石、绿泥石、黄铁矿和菱铁矿时空上有明显的差异性。矿物组合差异性与环境变化有密切关系。高岭石和赤铁矿指示陆相沉积环境,伊利石、绿泥石、黄铁矿和菱铁矿指示海陆过渡相沉积环境。因此,笔者等重点用华南不同成铝带和不同时代内含铝岩系中矿物组合差异约束沉积环境和铝土矿矿床成因亚类,对铝土矿矿床沉积环境的深入研究和铝土矿矿床成因亚... 相似文献
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在全面收集整理前人研究资料的基础上,系统开展华南不同成铝区带的铝土矿矿床床矿物组合对比工作,认为铝土矿矿床含铝岩系的演化序列与矿物组合存在一定耦合关系,不同成因类型的铝土矿矿床（沉积型、堆积型及红土型）和华南不同成铝带（黔中、渝南—黔北、滇中、滇东南—桂西、桂中）中的矿物组合存在明显差异性。沉积型矿物组合复杂,堆积型和红土型矿物组合单一。一水硬铝石是沉积型和堆积型主要铝矿物,时间上分布于石炭纪—第四纪,空间上除桂中成铝带外,黔中、渝南—黔北、滇中、滇东南—桂西成铝带均有分布;三水铝石是红土型主要铝矿物,时空上分布于第四纪桂中成铝带。高岭石时空分布广泛,是含铝岩系中主要的黏土矿物,各成矿时代和成铝带均有分布;赤铁矿分布零散,不稳定,仅在修文—清镇一带稳定存在含铝岩系底部。伊利石、绿泥石、黄铁矿和菱铁矿时空上有明显的差异性。矿物组合差异性与环境变化有密切关系。高岭石和赤铁矿指示陆相沉积环境,伊利石、绿泥石、黄铁矿和菱铁矿指示海陆过渡相沉积环境。因此,本文重点用华南不同成铝带和不同时代内含铝岩系中矿物组合差异约束沉积环境和铝土矿矿床成因亚类,对铝土矿矿床沉积环境的深入研究和铝土矿矿床成因亚类型划分具有一定指示意义。 相似文献
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贵州铝土矿资源丰富,是中国第二大铝土矿资源基地,其铝土矿资源量约占全国总量的17％;主要分布在修文—清镇、凯里—黄平、遵义—瓮安和正安—道真4个矿集区.对贵州4个铝土矿矿集区成矿特征的研究表明,铝土矿的含矿层位主要有3个（下石炭统、上石炭统和中二叠统）,含矿层位在空间分布上具有由南向北、由西向东逐渐变新的特点;下伏地层提供了成矿物质和聚矿空间;矿床类型为古风化壳再沉积型,含矿岩段均为铝质岩段,开采矿物为—水硬铝石;矿石自然类型以土状,碎屑状和致密状为主,矿石工业类型以低铁低硫型矿石为主;3个矿集区铝土矿的化学组分和矿物组分相似,只是在含量上有所差别;铝土矿中的伴生有用元素较多,尤以Ga元素为代表,具有较大的经济价值. 相似文献
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兰坪矿集区是西南三江成矿带的重要组成部分,已发现有大型-超大型铅锌多金属矿床,找矿潜力巨大。文章在分析兰坪矿集区典型矿床特征的基础上,依据构造旋回、含矿建造、成矿时代、成矿作用,将兰坪矿集区中的矿床划分为2个成矿系列、5个成矿亚系列,并对成矿系列的时空分布特征、成矿规律进行了论述,其中燕山期与晚三叠世海相沉积作用有关的铅锌矿床和喜玛拉雅期与沉积、填充交代作用有关的铅锌银铜钴多金属矿床是兰坪矿集区的主要成矿类型。 相似文献
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依托青海省矿产地质志研编项目,在收集矿产勘查、科研成果资料以及调研典型矿床的基础上,对青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列和成矿模式进行了研究,取得以下主要成果:1)青海省铁矿床主要形成于元古代、寒武纪—奥陶纪和三叠纪,自北向南成矿时代由老变新,空间上主要分布于祁连、东昆仑构造带,祁连构造带以产出寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿床为特色,东昆仑构造带主要产出元古代沉积变质型和三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿床;2)将青海省铁矿床划分为九个矿床成矿系列;3)厘定了青海省主要类型铁矿床产出的构造环境,认为元古代沉积变质型铁矿产于大陆边缘,寒武纪—奥陶纪及二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿产于大陆裂谷、岛弧或弧后盆地,三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿产于碰撞-后碰撞造山带;4)概述了九个系列矿床成矿特征,建立了元古代沉积变质型、寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型、二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型、三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型4个主要矿床成矿系列的成矿模式。 相似文献
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冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿规律及找矿预测 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据全国重要矿产潜力评价项目成矿规律研究之成果,开展综合分析,将冈底斯成矿带东段划分为驱龙-甲玛铜多金属矿集区等13个矿集区,确定了主要矿集区中重要矿床的矿床类型,总结了矿床时空分布和矿床组合等方面成矿规律,完善了矿床成矿系列、亚系列和矿床谱系,建立了中新世斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿的控岩控矿模式.提出燕山晚期—喜马拉雅早期冈底斯中部中酸性岩浆岩接触带似IOCG型铁铜金矿、早中侏罗世—中新世斑岩型铜矿外围的浅成低温热液金矿、与剪切带有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿等是冈底斯成矿带东段下一步找矿的重要矿床类型. 相似文献
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青海“三稀”矿以稀有金属矿产和伴生稀散元素矿产为主, 稀土矿床分布于拉脊山成矿带和柴北缘成矿带, 类型仅有岩浆型(轻稀土)和岩浆热液型(轻稀土), 成矿于早古生代奥陶纪和志留纪, 成矿环境研究程度较低。稀有金属矿床主要出露于西秦岭成矿带和柴达木成矿带, 类型可分为与岩浆作用有关的岩浆型(铌、钽)、伟晶岩型(锂、铍、铌、钽)、岩浆热液型(铌、钽); 与沉积作用有关的蒸发沉积型(锂)和化学沉积型(锶), 岩浆作用矿床成矿高峰期为中生代三叠纪, 成矿于古特提斯演化后碰撞环境, 沉积作用矿床成矿爆发期为新生代新近纪和第四纪, 与青藏高原强烈抬升所致的断陷成盆及干旱气候有关; 稀散元素矿床均为有色金属矿床的伴生矿, 广泛分布于北祁连成矿带、柴北缘成矿带、东昆仑成矿带、西秦岭成矿带和阿尼玛卿成矿带, 矿种多样, 已知成矿元素有Ga、Ge、Cd、In、Se、Te等, 矿床类型丰富, 主要包括海相火山岩型、接触交代型和陆相火山岩型, 成矿时代相对集中于早古生代奥陶纪、晚古生代二叠纪和中生代三叠纪, 可能形成于原特提斯演化弧后盆地、岩浆弧环境。依据矿床时空分布特征、成矿作用及成矿地质背景, 将青海“三稀”矿产划分为10个矿床成矿系列、18个矿床成矿亚系列、20个矿床式。基于“三稀”矿床区域成矿地质背景、区域成矿条件、已知矿化信息和研究程度分析, 提出了成矿区带不同类型“三稀”矿产找矿远景, 认为西秦岭成矿带、柴北缘成矿带和东昆仑成矿带为伟晶岩型锂、铍、铌、钽、铷稀有金属找矿远景区, 柴达木成矿带为蒸发沉积型和化学沉积型锂、锶、铷矿找矿远景区; 对于研究程度较弱的稀散元素矿, 除在已知的矿集区着力稀散元素赋存状态、超常富集研究和资源量核算之外, 东昆仑成矿带牛苦头—野马泉矽卡岩型有色金属矿集区为稀散元素找矿的有利远景区。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献