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1.
2015年6月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2015年6月大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈双极型,较常年略偏强;西太平洋副热带高压强度接近常年同期。2015年6月,全国平均气温为20.3℃,较常年同期（20.0℃）偏高0.3℃,北方（南方）地区气温总体较常年同期偏低（高）。全国平均降水量为104.8 mm,较常年同期（99.3 mm）略偏多5.5%。月内出现8次主要的降水过程。江淮、江南北部等地强降水天气较多,多地遭受洪涝灾害,云南西部干旱发展,海南干旱有所缓解,东北地区等地多阵性降水;全国21个省（区、市）遭受风雹灾害。全国64个站发生极端高温事件。今年第8号台风鲸鱼在广东登陆,是今年第一个登陆我国的台风。 相似文献
2.
2011年9月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈单极型,中心略偏向西半球,中高纬度环流呈5波形分布,槽区分别位于北太平洋东北部、北美洲东部、北大西洋北部、欧洲东部、亚洲东北部。北太平洋东北部上空500 hPa高度场上有160 gpm的负距平。西北太平洋副热带高压面积较常年同期偏小,强度偏弱,西脊点位置偏东,脊线偏北。2011年9月全国平均气温16.4℃,比常年同期（16.0℃）偏高0.4℃;全国降水量为65.0 mm,接近常年同期（65.3 mm）。月内出现了3次较明显的冷空气过程和7次降水过程,有7个台风生成,其中＂纳沙＂登陆我国,造成重大灾害。 相似文献
3.
2016年9月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2016年9月环流特征如下：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,强度偏强;欧亚大陆中高纬为两槽一脊型;西北太平洋副热带高压明显偏西偏北、强度偏强。9月全国平均降水量78.9 mm,较常年同期（65.3 mm）偏多20.8%;全国平均气温17.7℃,较常年同期（16.6℃）偏高1.1℃,为1961年以来历史同期第二高。9月主要出现了3次强降水过程,其中两次是由台风造成的强降水。月内,在西北太平洋和南海上共有7个台风生成,其中1614号台风莫兰蒂和1617号台风鲇鱼在我国登陆。台风莫兰蒂登陆福建,风雨范围广,台风鲇鱼先后登陆台湾和福建,多地持续强降水;四川、云南部分地区秋雨明显,局地灾情重;黄淮南部及湖北西北部等地的旱情有所缓解。 相似文献
4.
2015年8月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2015年8月环流特征如下：北半球高纬地区极涡呈偏心型分布,亚洲中高纬度为两槽一脊环流形势,槽脊强度均强于常年同期;西太平洋副热带高压强度接近常年略偏强,位置偏西、偏南。8月全国平均降水量105.1 mm,接近常年同期（105.3 mm）;全国平均气温为21.1℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.3℃,上旬,江淮及其以南地区出现大范围持续高温。月内共出现5次主要区域性暴雨过程。8月共有4个热带气旋（风力8级以上）在西北太平洋和南海活动,其中,第13号台风苏迪罗登陆我国,台风生成和登陆个数均偏少。华北、西北地区东部及内蒙古中部等地气象干旱持续发展。全国多个省（区、市）遭受风雹灾害。 相似文献
5.
2023年9月北半球大气环流的主要特征为极涡呈单极型偏向东半球,强度与常年相当,贝加尔湖以西的欧亚中高纬度环流经向度较大,西太平洋副热带高压较常年明显偏西偏强;我国北方大部地区受平直西风环流影响,而南方大部则受西太平洋副热带高压控制。9月,全国平均气温为18.2℃,较常年同期(16.9℃)偏高1.3℃,江南、华南等地出现高温天气;全国平均降水量为69.1 mm,较常年同期(65.3 mm)偏多5.8%。西北太平洋和南海有2个台风生成,较常年同期偏少;另有台风苏拉和海葵登陆我国,接连影响华南导致极端强降水,登陆个数接近常年同期。全国共出现6次大范围较强降水过程及2次强对流天气过程,江苏宿迁、盐城遭受多个强龙卷风袭击。 相似文献
6.
2016年6月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
2016年6月环流特征如下：北半球极涡成单极型,中心位于波弗特海北侧附近,较常年同期偏强;中高纬环流呈4波型;西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年同期面积偏大、强度偏强。6月全国平均气温为20.7℃,较常年同期（20.0℃）偏高0.7℃;全国平均降水量为117.0 mm,较常年同期（99.8 mm）偏多17.2%,气温和降水量均为1961年以来第三高值。月内我国出现7次主要的降水过程。江淮、江南北部等地暴雨过程频发,长江中下游地区多地遭受洪涝灾害;华北、黄淮、江淮北部多风雹天气,江苏盐城龙卷风造成严重人员伤亡;月内西北太平洋无台风生成。 相似文献
7.
2017年8月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2017年8月北半球500 hPa极涡呈单极型分布,强度强于常年同期;亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波动;西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均降水量126.6 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多20%;全国平均气温为21.4℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.6℃。月内共出现了8次主要的区域性强降水过程,多站日降水量超历史同期极值。8月共有5个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1713号台风天鸽、1714号台风帕卡4天内先后登陆珠三角。月内,我国南方地区出现大范围持续高温天气,江淮、江汉等地出现阶段性伏旱。 相似文献
8.
9.
2011年12月大气环流主要特征是：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,强度较常年同期偏强,但位置偏向西半球。中高纬环流呈4波型,其中西欧大槽强度较常年同期偏强,东亚大槽强度偏弱,南支槽和副热带高压位置接近常年同期,但南支槽强度偏弱,不利于水汽输送。月内我国出现了2次主要的冷空气过程。12月,全国平均气温-3.8℃,略高于常年同期（-3.9℃）。月内,全国平均降水量为7.5 mm,较常年同期（9.8 mm）偏少23.5%。月降水量与常年同期相比,辽宁、吉林西部、内蒙古东南部、广东大部、青海西部、西藏中部等地偏少8成以上。 相似文献
10.
2018年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流呈3波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱,南支槽强度与常年相当。3月全国平均气温7.0℃,较常年同期（4.1℃）偏高2.9℃,为1961年以来同期最高;全国平均降水量29.4 mm,接近常年同期（29.5 mm）。月内我国中东部地区出现1次全国中等（南方强）冷空气过程,1次北方强冷空气过程;南方地区有5次主要降水过程;北方地区有3次沙尘天气过程;江西、湖北、湖南和广西等省(区)局地遭受风雹袭击。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献