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1.
新嘎果地区位于西藏南冈底斯中段北部,洛巴堆-米拉山断裂南侧,区内发育的林子宗群典中组火山岩主要为流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩,出露面积小。该区典中组火山岩具有富硅(SiO_2=75.09%~78.10%)、贫碱(K_2O+Na_2O=4.84~6.52%)、贫镁(MgO=0.24~0.37%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.02~1.75)特征,富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N=9.49~11.30,Eu异常从弱负异常到弱正异常(δEu=0.76~1.15),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,并且明显亏损Ba和Sr,属于钙碱性过铝质系列,具有陆源弧火山岩的特点。锆石U-Pb年龄为70.89±0.31 Ma,是目前典中组火山岩最老的年龄;锆石176Hf/177Hf值比较均一,分布于0.282 820~0.282 939之间,εHf(t)值为+3.2~+7.4,tDM模式年龄变化于662~930 Ma之间。地球化学研究表明,新嘎果地区典中组火山岩形成于俯冲构造环境,岩浆源区主要来源于地幔组分,并在岩浆演化过程中混染古老地壳。  相似文献   

2.
白乃庙组绿片岩是白乃庙铜金矿床赋存层位,矿区构造上位于华北克拉通北缘古生代陆缘增生带内。岩石学、岩石地球化学特征指示该绿片岩原岩为中基性火山岩。对白乃庙组变质火山岩的锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS UPb年代学研究表明,该火山岩形成年龄为449±3Ma(n=33,MSWD=4.0),为晚奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。白乃庙组变质火山岩具有低的SiO2(43.47%~54.64%)、TiO2(0.60%~1.31%)和P2O5(0.08%~0.35%),宽的MgO(3.98%~12.99%)含量,属于钙碱性系列岩石,岩石富集大离子亲石元素K、Sr等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,Zr、Hf也表现为轻微的亏损。轻重稀土分馏明显,具有不同程度的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.7~1.2)和轻微负的Ce异常(Ce/Ce*=0.74~1.01)。岩石地球化学特征表明白乃庙变质火山岩经历了一定程度的结晶分异,橄榄石和单斜辉石为主要的结晶相。该变质火山岩具有较低的Ti/Y(2.5~5.0)和Zr/Y(189~355)值、低的176 Hf/177 Hf比值和较宽的εHf(t)值,暗示源区可能为岩石圈地幔,且受到了地壳的混染。Nb和Ta强烈亏损、极低的Nb/Ta值(0.08~1.09)以及Ce的负异常表明与大洋板块的俯冲作用有关,岩浆源区可能已受到俯冲组分的影响。构造环境判别显示白乃庙变质火山岩为与消减作用有关的大陆弧岩浆岩。锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)变化范围为1073~1470Ma,平均值为1285Ma(n=30),暗示华北板块北缘在中—新元古代时期曾发生过一次重要的构造热事件。  相似文献   

3.
位于义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧地区在印支期内发育大规模酸性-中酸性岩浆活动。近年来,前人对该地区做了大量的研究,但主要着眼于侵入岩,对火山岩的研究偏少。本文对分布于滇西北中甸格咱地区的中酸性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及Hf同位素分析,2件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄变化于214~212Ma,表明其为晚三叠岩浆活动的产物。岩石Si O2含量为53.37%~63.77%,全碱含量达5.19%~7.16%,为高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有典型岛弧火山岩特征。所测锆石εHf(t)值介于-0.04~3.06之间,大部分为正值,显示出幔源岩浆特征,相对应的锆石Hf同位素二阶模式年龄为1.05~1.25Ga。综合岩石学、地球化学及构造地质特点认为,格咱火山岩形成于印支期甘孜-理塘洋壳西向俯冲构造背景,其源区为俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,岩浆上升过程经历了壳源沉积物质混染。  相似文献   

4.
华南早古生代陆内造山带主要沿武夷—云开一带呈北东向展布,以产出大规模同时代花岗质岩石为特征,一度被认为不发育的基性侵入岩和火山岩在近年研究中被陆续报道。由于火山岩对揭示区域构造背景具有重要的意义,因此通过对华南早古生代火山岩的详细研究可以为探讨华南早古生代的壳-幔作用和构造演化过程提供关键信息。已揭示的早古生代火山岩出露于广东韶关茶园山、始兴河口和开平马山,分布在造山带西南端,详细的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示这些火山岩形成于445~435 Ma。茶园山火山岩出露面积约为60 km2,岩性为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩。其中玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)、低Nb/La比、高Th/Yb比、全岩εNd(t)=(-8~-9)等地球化学特征,暗示玄武岩源区为俯冲交代的富集岩石圈地幔。玄武岩和安山岩-英安岩(εNd(t)=(-9.4~-9.8))具有相似的同位素组成,表明这些中酸性火山岩可能是玄武质岩浆进一步演化的产物。河口、马山火山岩出露面积分别约为120 km2、20 km2,喷发物均为长英质熔岩、火山碎屑岩。河口流纹英安岩含角闪石且具有较高的w(Ca O)(1.62~3.77%)、Ca O/Na2O比值(0.53~1.46)和较低的w(P2O5)(0.03%~0.17%),ASI=0.96~1.24。马山英安岩-流纹岩具有较低的w(P2O5)(0.01%~0.07%)、变化较大的w(Si O2)(66.0%~76.6%)、w(Fe2O3)(1.21%~5.02%)。河口、马山火山岩在微量元素上均表现为Rb、Ba、K、Pb、LREE等元素的富集、Nb、Ta、Ti等元素的亏损和Eu元素的负异常,全岩Nd同位素分别为εNd(t)=(-9~-9.4)、εNd(t)=(-9.6~-10.5),锆石Hf同位素分别为εHf(t)=(-2.4~-11.8)、εHf(t)=(-6.2~-13.5)。富集的同位素特征显示河口、马山火山岩的源岩主要为元古宙基底,新生物质贡献极少,但变化较大的锆石Hf同位素特征暗示源区可能存在不同组分的混合。火山岩通常产出在区域伸展拉张的构造环境下,华南古生代火山岩(445~435 Ma)的发现表明早古生代造山带西南端从445 Ma开始由地壳加厚的挤压环境转换为拉张减薄的伸展环境。加厚的下地壳拆沉引发的软流圈上涌可能为交代富集地幔和中—下地壳的部分熔融提供了热源。  相似文献   

5.
对佳木斯地块东缘老秃顶子组和小兴安岭地区宝泉组上段火山岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究以制约该区的区域构造演化。前者主要由流纹岩及次要的碱性玄武岩组成,后者以流纹岩为主。研究结果表明,这些火山岩中锆石发育震荡生长环带或具条痕状吸收,且具有较高的Th/U比值(0.28~1.64),反映了岩浆成因特征。定年结果表明,它们均形成于中泥盆世(峰期为386 Ma)。火山岩的地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究表明,佳木斯地块东缘老秃顶子组火山岩以双峰式火山岩组合为特征,基性端员岩石的SiO2=50.40%~55.66%、Mg#=0.39~0.50、Na2O/K2O=2.88~4.99、Al2O3=15.66%~18.06%,并以富集轻稀土元素和亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)为特征,初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.705 99,εNd(t)=+2.04,暗示其原始岩浆起源于遭受地壳物质混染的岩石圈地幔;酸性端员岩石的SiO2=77.59%~78.75%、Na2O/K2O=0.32~0.36、Al2O3=11.62%~11.76%,富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Nb、Ta、Eu、P、Ti等,其初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.703 78~0.707 36,εNd(t)=-2.20~-4.15,εHf(t)=+1.8~+8.6,tDM1=671~998 Ma,与中亚造山带内显生宙花岗岩的研究结果相一致,暗示其岩浆应起源于新增生下地壳物质的部分熔融;小兴安岭地区宝泉组上段流纹岩具有高硅(74.64%~76.09%)、富钾(Na2O/K2O=0.42~0.81)、低铝(12.56%~12.63%)等特征,同时显示强烈的负铕异常,该组火山岩具有A型流纹岩特点,其εHf(t)=+2.5~+6.4,tDM1=837~983 Ma,暗示其岩浆应起源于新增生下地壳的部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为中泥盆世佳木斯地块东缘应处于一个被动大陆边缘盆地沉积环境,老秃顶子组双峰式火山岩的形成应与被动陆缘内的伸展环境有关,而小兴安岭地区同期宝泉组上段A型流纹岩的形成应与陆内伸展环境相联系。  相似文献   

6.
伦圭新生代火山岩位于东非裂谷西支最南端,已有的大量地质与地球化学证据表明伦圭火山岩是典型的碱性双峰式火山岩,其SiO2含量在46%~56%之间出现明显的间断.基性火山岩和酸性火山岩均表现出富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常的特征.基性岩大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr富集,高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ti亏损,Nb-Ta相对于La弱亏损,具有低Th/Ce(<0.05)和Th/La(0.07~0.09)值.酸性岩不相容元素整体上呈现不同程度的富集,Sr、P、Ti亏损,Nb-Ta相对于La弱富集,显示较强的岩浆分异作用.基性岩和酸性岩均表现出一定的Pb富集,说明有微量的地壳混染.基性岩εNd(t)为+1.50~+3.70,(87 Sr/86 Sr)i为0.7048~0.7057;除T19样品具有负的εNd(t)值外,其他所有酸性岩εNd(t)值介于+0.21~+5.13,(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7043~0.7061,可见伦圭基性火山岩和酸性火山岩Sr、Nd同位素特征具有一致性.根据同位素地球化学和元素地球化学特征,认为其基性岩来源于一个整体亏损的地幔,并受到了大陆岩石圈地幔的混染,而酸性火山岩则是基性岩浆分离结晶作用的产物.  相似文献   

7.
位于北羌塘地体北缘玉树隆宝地区三叠纪火山岩主要以英安岩为主。LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb定年结果显示这些火山岩的形成年龄约为230±2 Ma(MSWD=0.5)。岩石样品在成分上富硅和铝,并且相对于原始地幔富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:Rb、Ba、Th和U等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:Nb、Ta和Ti等),其总体分布样式与典型弧火山岩的化学特征类似。样品均具有相对高的εNd(t)值(-0.91~-0.53)、低的ISr值(0.707)以及正的εHf(t)值(+3.81~+7.61),表明其源区应以新生地壳组分为主。与现已报道的其他三叠纪火山岩资料进行系统对比,发现中晚三叠世火山岩具有明显的分带性,分别集中出露在北羌塘地体的北缘和南缘。另外,与北缘火山岩相比,南缘火山岩在岩石组合上具有双峰式的特点,并且其中的长英质组分具有更低的εNd(t)值(-8.79~-1.77)、相对高的ISr值(0.706~0.714)以及与南缘三叠纪S型花岗岩基本一致Hf同位素组成[εHf(t)=-15.3~-10.1],反映了其源区应以古老陆壳物质为主。综合区域最新研究资料可以判断,北羌塘地体南缘中晚三叠世火山岩的形成应与南、北羌塘地体碰撞阶段的板片断离有关,而北缘中晚三叠世火山岩的形成则与甘孜-理塘古特提斯洋盆向南俯冲有关。  相似文献   

8.
大兴安岭温布其地区白音高老组火山岩主要由流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩和流纹岩等一系列酸性火山岩构成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,研究区流纹岩形成于(131±1.5)Ma,为早白垩世;岩石地球化学研究表明,样品具有高硅SiO_2(72.43%~78.64%)、富铝Al2O3(11.48%~14.24%)、富钾K_2O(4.09%~5.05%)和低镁MgO(0.14%~0.34%)的特点;轻重稀土分馏较明显[(La/Yb)_N=8.22~13.68],Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.39~0.90);微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti。~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值为0.282 830~0.282 983,εHf(t)为6.02~10.19。研究发现,温布其地区白音高老组火山岩岩浆来源于新元古代亏损地幔增生的年轻基性地壳的部分熔融,形成于伸展的构造环境。  相似文献   

9.
西准噶尔晚泥盆世铁列克提组主要分布于吾尔喀什尔山西部,为一套海陆交互相火山-沉积地层。火山岩地球化学研究表明,Si O2含量为51.18%~62.48%,Ti O2为0.60%~1.49%、全碱(K2O+Na2O)为1.26%~6.28%,相对富钠贫钾。A12O3为15.53%~18.68%、Mg O为2.64%~7.55%,Mg#为41.2~58.5,属于亚碱性系列。稀土元素总量高(∑REE=36.21×10-6~97.10×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较强((La/Yb)N=2.88~6.72),具轻微负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.74~1.07)。相对富集LILE(Rb、Ba、Th和K),亏损HFSE(Zr、Hf),Nb和Ta强烈亏损,Ti轻微亏损。岩石源区主要受俯冲流体交代,受地壳物质混染较弱,整体具有弧火山岩的地球化学特征。与火山岩伴生的凝灰岩LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果为363.3±4Ma。综合分析认为铁列克提组火山岩属于大陆边缘弧火山作用的产物,同时,博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧可能至少延续至晚泥盆世。这为进一步认识西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧的性质及构造演化提供了证据。  相似文献   

10.
白乃庙铜-金-钼矿是华北北缘中段的一个重要矿床,矿体主要赋存在早古生代白乃庙群绿片岩中,其成矿与花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。岩石地球化学特征显示,该区侵入岩花岗闪长斑岩以及石英闪长岩与起源于俯冲洋壳的埃达克岩的特征类似,岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到了明显的变质基底的混染作用。赋矿围岩绿片岩的原岩主要为中基性火山岩,锆石Hf同位素数据显示,白乃庙绿片岩、变质安山岩中锆石的εHf(t)变化范围为-4.64~+11.29之间,而白音都西群变质石英砂岩的εHf(t)为-4.30~+15.50,显示白乃庙地区围岩原岩源区物质主要来源于亏损地幔,并在侵位过程中受到了古老地壳基底的混染作用。2类岩石的二阶段Hf同位素模式年龄分别为693~2843 Ma和481~2363 Ma,峰值区间在700~1500 Ma,揭示了华北板块中-新元古代陆壳增生和构造热事件。矿床地质特征、岩石学和地球化学组成表明,白乃庙铜-金-钼矿床具有低氧逸度的特征,可能为还原性斑岩型矿床。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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