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中国海耳鲍胚胎发育特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用显微技术对耳鲍(Haliotis asinineLinnaeus)的胚胎发育进行了研究,同时观察到孵化后的担轮幼虫。结果表明,耳鲍胚胎发育过程与皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)和杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)基本相似,胚胎发育过程分为受精期、第一极体放出期、第二极体放出期、2细胞期、4细胞期、8细胞期、16细胞期、32细胞期、桑椹期、原肠期和未孵化的担轮幼虫期。在海水质量密度1.024,水温28℃的条件下,耳鲍完成胚胎发育历时约5 h 30 min,比皱纹盘鲍(海水质量密度1.022～1.023,水温22.5℃)、杂色鲍(海水质量密度1.022～1.023,水温24～26℃)分别快1.5～2.5 h和0.5 h。耳鲍成熟卵卵径为0.18～0.19 mm,担轮幼虫具有1束顶毛和2个纤毛环带。 相似文献
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九孔鲍的人工苗种生产技术 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
九孔鲍Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒａｑｕａｔｉｌｉｓ自１９９０年从台湾省首次引进在福建东山岛养殖以来 ,迅速发展 ,现在已成为福建闽南地区以南沿海养殖的主要鲍种。该鲍具生长快 ,适合本地区养殖的特点 ,从２．０ｃｍ左右鲍苗装笼，经过６个月养成 ,就可以达到５．５ｃｍ商品规格。根据多年来从事九孔鲍人工苗种生产技术的研究和实践经验 ,本文就九孔鲍苗种生产环节中的若干技术问题 ,作一介绍。１亲鲍性腺促熟九孔鲍的自然繁殖季节在福建闽南地区是８～１０月份 ,但在此之前的４～７月份 ,也可看到少数成鲍性腺成熟。在… 相似文献
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福建省自然海区仅有杂色鲍分布，以东山县略多，其北至连江县海区少见。福州市水产科研所科技人员，先后于１９８６年１２月从日本长崎引进盘鲍（日俗称黑鲍）；１９９０年５月从大连引进皱纹盘鲍；１９９１年１１月从台湾引进九孔鲍；再以本地的杂色鲍，在福州海区同时进行了４种鲍的生长、养殖与人工育苗试验。结果表明：（１）当地的杂色鲍生长极为缓慢，经３ａ喂养平均体长仅为３．１ｃｍ，体重才２．９ｇ。因而不宜作为养殖对象。（２）台湾的九孔鲍在福州市夏季生长很快，其他季节很少生长或完全停止，需２ａ才达到５ｃｍ以上的商品鲍… 相似文献
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通过分析比较了人工配合饲料及天然海藻饲养的九孔鲍 (Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒｓｕｐｅｒｔｅｘｔａ)肌肉的营养成分及氨基酸含量。同时 ,测定了贝壳中微量元素的含量。这将有助于了解喂养人工饲料和天然海藻饲料的九孔鲍营养生理代谢的特点。与此同时 ,对喂养海藻饲料所出现的贝壳裂嘴和中间破损的异常鲍 ,也作了微量元素分析 ,探讨生长异常的原因。１材料与方法１．１样品的采集１．１．１天然海藻组九孔鲍取自福建省漳浦县 ,大小壳长４ｃｍ左右。养成期约４个月 ,以摄食海带为主 ,养殖过程发现有少量鲍发生贝壳裂嘴或… 相似文献
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九孔鲍MSTN基因cSNP多态性及与生长性状关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)是中国南方具有较高经济价值的养殖贝类。肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin, MSTN)是转化生长因子β超家族(TGF-β)中参与动物肌肉生长的重要调控因子, 因此MSTN基因是动物遗传改良的重要候选基因。为探究九孔鲍MSTN基因的多态性及其生长相关性, 实验采用PCR产物直接测序方法对九孔鲍MSTN基因进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)筛选, 对MSTN基因SNP与体质量、壳长、壳宽进行关联性分析, 运用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)技术检测九孔鲍MSTN基因不同基因型的表达水平。结果显示: 在九孔鲍MSTN基因中共筛选出9个SNP位点。SNP位点与生长性状关联分析发现, 九孔鲍MSTN基因编码区SNP位点g909C>T发生C/T同义突变与九孔鲍体质量、壳长、壳宽显著相关。TT基因型九孔鲍的体质量显著高于CC基因型和TC基因型个体; TT基因型的壳长、壳宽显著高于CC基因型(p<0.05)。通过qRT-PCR检测显示, 在九孔鲍MSTN基因SNP位点g909C>T的3种基因型中, TC和CC基因型的基因表达量显著高于TT基因型(p<0.05)。研究结果表明MSTN基因SNP位点g909C>T可作为九孔鲍标记辅助选择育种重要候选标记。 相似文献
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本文研究了六种抗冻保护剂GLY(甘油)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、PG(丙二醇)、EG(乙二醇)、DMA(二甲基乙酰胺)和Me OH(甲醇)在三种不同浓度下(5%、10%、15%,v/v)对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)担轮幼虫的毒性作用及冷冻保存的影响。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫毒性实验证明:抗冻保护剂的种类和浓度对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫产生的毒性强弱不同,在抗冻保护剂浓度为5%时,GLY、DMSO、PG、EG对太平洋牡蛎的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);随着抗冻保护剂浓度增加到10%,GLY、DMSO、EG、Me OH对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);而抗冻保护剂浓度为15%时,GLY、DMSO对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05),且随着抗冻保护剂浓度的升高,其对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用也增大。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的超低温冷冻保存实验证明:以10%DMSO作为抗冻保护剂,采用分布降温法冷冻保存太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫,28°C水浴解冻后担轮幼虫运动率达到(73.00±2.00)%,显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),其次为GLY组,且各浓度间差异不显著(P0.05)。该研究为太平洋牡蛎及其他贝类胚胎保存提供了科学依据,在贝类遗传育种和生物技术等方面具有一定的应用前景,具有重要的生产实践价值。 相似文献
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以组织学、组织化学和透射电镜观察等方法研究了皱纹盘鲍自孵化后的担轮幼虫至1a龄幼鲍10个时期消化系统的胚后发育.食道于面盘幼虫早期出现;自围口壳幼虫食道中段的上皮细胞开始分泌蛋白酶;在上足分化幼体食道侧囊形成;在稚鲍,食道侧囊上皮分化成微绒毛细胞、分泌细胞和纤毛细胞.嗉囊直至稚鲍期才形成;在1a龄幼鲍,嗉囊腔大于胃腔.胃出现于面盘幼虫早期;到匍匐幼虫,胃腔出现单细胞藻.肠出现于面盘幼虫早期;在上足分化幼虫,肠上皮分化为纤毛细胞和微绒毛细胞两种细胞;在稚鲍肠上皮分化成纤毛细胞、微绒毛细胞、Ⅰ型腺细胞、Ⅱ型腺细胞和黏液细胞共5种细胞,肠沟出现.唾液腺形成于上足分化幼虫期.消化腺于面盘幼虫早期出现,自面盘幼虫中期开始分化成嗜碱性细胞和消化细胞.嗜碱性细胞的细胞质由嗜酸性逐渐转变为嗜碱性;至上足分化幼虫,细胞内出现含铁的折光小体.消化细胞自匍匐幼虫摄食起就出现内吞作用,细胞内含大量囊泡.研究表明,发育到稚鲍时,消化系统诸器官的结构和功能已基本接近成鲍. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):145-156
Previous field observations have suggested an association between the urchin Parechinus angulosus and juveniles of the abalone Haliotis midae. To test the generality and nature of this association, surveys were carried out at five sites between Cape Point and Danger Point in the kelp beds of the South-Western Cape, South Africa. These showed that both species occupy primarily hard substrata, showing preferences for encrusting coralline algae. They also confirmed a strong, positive relationship between urchins and juvenile abalone. Of the juvenile abalone sampled, more than 98% were found beneath sea urchins. All small (3–10 mm) and medium-sized(11–20 mm) juvenile abalone were under urchins, whether on flat or vertical reef, or in crevices. A small proportion (～10%) of larger juveniles(21–35 mm) was not found under urchins, and in these instances they occupied crevices instead. These findings are of particular importance in terms of their implications for the lucrative commercial abalone fishery in South Africa, indicating that urchins are of critical importance to the continued survival of viable abalone populations. There has been a dramatic decrease in natural populations of sea urchins over the past five years in the heart of the abalone fishing grounds, and the present findings suggest that this will lead to recruitment failure of abalone, because juvenile abalone seem dependent on the urchins. The long-term consequences for the industry may be crucial. 相似文献
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T Horiguchi N Takiguchi H S Cho M Kojima M Kaya H Shiraishi M Morita H Hirose M Shimizu 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):223-229
Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate possible endocrine disruption and to consider the causal factors for the decline of abalone stocks in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations, each month from September 1995 to November 1996. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not. The observed maximum reproductive developmental score in abalone from Jogashima was much lower than that from Tsushima, because immature females were present at the former site throughout the spawing season. Approximately 20% of the abalone from Jogashima were masculinized females with an ovo-testis. The masculinization of female abalone was similar to the imposex, typically induced in other gastropod molluscs by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscles of abalone from Jogashima (n = 83) of 4.9 +/- 4.4 ng/g wet wt and 6.3 +/- 6.6 ng/g wet wt, respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 125) (P < 0.01) of 0.8 +/- 0.8 ng/g wet wt and 0.6 +/- 1.3 ng/g wet wt, respectively. In situ exposure of abalone from Tsushima caged near a dockyard in Jogashima for 7 months (from the immature to the mature stage) resulted in spermatogenesis in the ovary of approximately 90% of females. Endocrine disruption may be caused in the giant abalone by organotin compounds from antifouling paints, which are possibly one of the causal factors for the decline of Japanese abalone stocks. 相似文献
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单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）是继RFLP和SSR多态性标记之后的新一代遗传标记系统.本文采用EPIC的方法,分析了45个杂色鲍样品的血蓝蛋白HtH1基因第16内含子（H1 intron 16）的SNP数据.这45个个体分别来自日本、台湾和汕头3个不同海域的野生或养殖群体.日本群体的血蓝蛋白HtH1基因第16内含子呈现出长度多态性,共有3种不同长度,分别是1 900、780、440 bp,测序结果表明3个等位基因可以互相比对;而台湾和汕头杂色鲍养殖群体的均为1 900 bp.初步研究结果表明日本杂色鲍个体大约96 bp长的片段含有1个自身杂合SNP位点;台湾杂色鲍个体约133 bp含有1个自身杂合SNP位点;汕头杂色鲍个体约153 bp含有1个自身杂合SNP位点.13个台湾杂色鲍个体包含的SNP密度为约31 bp含有1个SNP;23个汕头杂色鲍个体包含的SNP密度为约21 bp含有1个SNP.这些数据表明现有的杂色鲍养殖群体包含了丰富的SNP位点,利用SNP分子标记进行高密度遗传图谱的构建是可行的. 相似文献
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盘鲍三倍体及二倍体生长的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在室内工厂化养殖条件下 ,于 1 997年 1 0月对正常盘鲍二倍体个体及用细胞松驰素 B诱导法获得的盘鲍三倍体群的生长情况进行了比较。结果表明 :(1 )在育苗期的 1 4月龄内 ,盘鲍的三倍体群与二倍体个体间在生长上无明显差异 ;(2 ) 1 4月龄后盘鲍的三倍体群与二倍体个体间在生长上出现分化。两周龄的盘鲍三倍体群在壳长和体重上分别比二倍体个体大 1 4.76 %和5 0 .1 9%;两周龄半的盘鲍三倍体群在壳长和体重上分别比二倍体个体大 2 0 .0 0 %和 41 .89%;(3 )如按 6 cm壳长作为商品盘鲍的标准 ,则盘鲍三倍体群只需养殖 2 6个月 (包括育苗期 )即可达到商品盘鲍的标准 ,而二倍体个体则需养殖 3 0个月 (包括育苗期 )。由此可见 ,三倍体商品盘鲍比二倍体商品盘鲍在养殖时间上可缩短 4个月 ;(4)盘鲍三倍体群与二倍体个体群的氨基酸组分相同 ,但盘鲍三倍体群的氨基酸总量比二倍体个体的氨基酸总量高。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):513-516
High levels of infestation by the polychaete Terebrasabella heterouncinata on cultured abalone may be attributed to elevated levels of fecundity in comparison with conspecifics in their natural habitat. It is not, however, known if a high reproductive output is sustained throughout the animal's life. The present study therefore measured the effect of age on various reproductive parameters of T. heterouncinata from cultured abalone Haliotis midae. Age did not have a significant effect on body size, fecundity or rate at which eggs were laid. However, age had an affect on the proportion of the population that was brooding offspring, because a significantly lower percentage of the youngest age-group was brooding eggs or young, in comparison with the older groups. T. heterouncinata are long-lived, surviving for over four years on abalone farms and can therefore spread their reproductive effort over an extended period, instead of restricting it to a limited period during its early life. The ability to maintain a high fecundity irrespective of age may contribute to the success of this pest on abalone farms. 相似文献
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Serge Raemaekers Maria HauckMarkus Bürgener Angus MackenzieGenevieve Maharaj Éva E. Plagányi Peter J. Britz 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(6):433-445
The rise of organised illegal fishing and trade in abalone from the late 1990s destabilised South Africa’s historically stable, quota-managed fishery, culminating in its closure in 2008. The development of the fishery is described in a historical context, including the evolution of South Africa’s science-based abalone fishery management system. The diverse suite of responses deployed to combat illegal fishing and the black market trade in abalone are reviewed, including;- fishery reform to expand rights to a greater number of previously disadvantaged fishers, a territorial user rights fishery (TURF) system, special compliance operations and courts, the CITES listing of abalone, and the serial reduction in the TAC, culminating in the controversial and legally contested closure of the fishery. The main causes of the rise of the illegal fishery are diagnosed as 1) the massive increase in the abalone price that occurred in the 1990s triggering an abalone fishing “gold-rush” and 2) the failure of the post-Apartheid fishery reform process to accommodate many traditional fishers in a legal fishing rights framework resulting in them operating outside the formal fishery management system. By contextualising the abalone fishery as a complex system, embedded in South Africa’s socio-political setting, we show how the resource focussed fishery management system did not have the capacity to incorporate the powerful social, political and economic drivers determining fisher behaviour. We conclude with the need to revisit South Africa’s abalone fishery management paradigm, and argue that a more integrated governance approach is required that takes into account the biological, socio-political and economic factors determining the fishery activities. 相似文献
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Previous studies have found that macroalgal inclusion in formulated diets for cultured abalone improves feed utilisation, and it was suggested that seaweed-associated bacteria supply enzymes that aid in the animal's digestion. In the present study, we hypothesised that kelp supplementation in formulated feed affects the profile of digestive enzymes in farmed Haliotis midae. Commercially reared sub-adult abalone fed a kelp-supplemented (Ecklonia maxima; 0.88% dry weight) or kelp-free control feed were collected for analysis of the amylase, alginate lyase, laminarinase, fucoidanase and protease activities in the gut. Levels of polysaccharidase and protease activity did not significantly differ between the diet treatments. However, enzyme-activity levels were more variable in abalone fed the kelp-free diet as compared with those fed the kelp-supplemented diet (coefficients of variation: 73%, 48.3–60.2% and 31.9% [control diet] versus 42.7%, 13.6–33.8% and 14.6% [KS diet] for amylase, macroalgal polysaccharidases and acid protease activity, respectively). We suggest that the presence of dietary kelp modulates the abalone's gut bacteria and their nutrient exchange. Proteomic identification of proteins in abalone gut sections showed that exogenous enzymes associated with the gut microbiome aid in bacterial utilisation of digested molecules, whereas abalone endogenous enzymes degrade the macronutrients in formulated feeds. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):501-504
The extent to which the relationship between juvenile abalone Haliotis midae and sea urchins Parechinus angulosus is induced by their physical habitat along the Namaqualand coast of South Africa was investigated. Correlation analyses between the proportion of abalone utilising sea urchins for refuge and the proportion of habitat defined as exposed were computed from 28 experimental seeding sites in Port Nolloth on the north-west coast of South Africa. A highly significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.72, p < 0.05). It was concluded that, along the Namaqualand coast, under-boulder habitat was the most important factor determining the survival of juvenile abalone (size 12–26mm). Site selection should therefore be based on the suitability of the physical substratum to provide shelter for juvenile abalone along that coast. 相似文献
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在福建沿海养殖的九孔鲍不论是成鲍还是幼鲍均经常发生脓疱病,死亡率可达 50％-60％,其症状与皱纹盘鲍脓疱病相似,但对药物的敏感性却不同．研究发现: 导致福建省的九孔鲍发生脓疱病的主要致病菌为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)而非 河流弧菌(V．fluvialis)．其对多数药物不敏感,在43种抗菌药物中只对呋喃妥因、氯霉 素、痢特灵等中度敏感,而对青霉素、复方新诺明和头孢类药物则完全不敏感．由于上述 药物已被列为禁用渔药而不宜使用,故生产中应以新研制的无公害防治药物替代． 相似文献