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北太平洋冬季船舶西行航线的对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章根据船舶气象导航的原理、气象航线的设计技术以及影响航线选择的因素，通过对北太平洋冬季气候、洋流、天气形势的分析，指出了加－中高纬度航线在其经向型环流天气形势下，比中纬度航线更有利于西行船舶航行。船舶应结合自身性能及天气形势分析，尽量选择高纬度航线，以达到安全和经济的目的 相似文献
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通过对北大西洋气候特征的分析,结合气象航线选择原理及中央气象台海洋气象导航中心近几年来横悌大西洋的导航实践,指出分析气候特征和天气形势场,是选择横跨北大西洋船舶航线的主要依据。 相似文献
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利用地面气温观测资料及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,分析了中纬度北太平洋东部海温异常变化对中国北方地区冬季气温的可能影响。结果表明,前期夏、秋季中纬度北太平洋东部海温与北方地区冬季气温存在持续稳定的正相关关系,并且这种相关性在年代际尺度上较年际尺度更为显著。这种联系与中纬度北太平洋东部关键区海温在对流层中低层激发出的一种类似北美—大西洋—欧亚遥相关型波列有关。当前期关键区海温偏高（低）时,其激发的波列使得乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏弱（强）,西伯利亚高压偏弱（强）,导致贝加尔湖以南大部地区受正（负）高度距平控制,亚洲地区中高纬以纬（经）向环流为主,有利于北方大部地区气温偏高（低）。研究表明,中纬度北太平洋东部海温异常通过激发出一个从关键海区到我国北方地区的跨越东西半球的遥相关型波列,引发北半球中高纬度大气环流异常,进而影响北方冬季气温。 相似文献
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文章介绍了海洋气象导航发展的必然性及其气象航线选择的原理和影响因素。结合中央气象台海洋气象导航中心近10年来的实船导航业务，分析了北印度洋气候对冬、夏季航线选择的影响因素，指出应结合北印度洋的冬、夏季气候变化及地形特点选择不同的气象航线。该文为在实际工作中根据不同的季节及船型情况选择不同的航线、规避大风和巨浪出现频率高的区域，以及保持良好的航行条件提供了依据。 相似文献
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2006年北半球大气环流及对中国气候异常的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2006年，赤道中东太平洋经历了一次从La Nina状态到El-Nino事件的过程。500hPa高度场上，欧亚中高纬度地区前冬为经向型环流，后冬亚洲地区盛行纬向环流；夏、秋季，亚洲高纬度地区为经向型环流而中纬度为纬向环流，这种环流形势不利于冷空气南下，导致我国2006年的夏、秋季变得异常暖。2006年西太平洋副热带高压面积偏大、强度偏强且西伸脊点异常偏西。夏季没有出现持续性的较强的阻塞形势，从而使长江中下游地区降水较常年同期偏少，梅雨较弱。东亚夏季风异常偏强。2005／2006年冬季，青藏高原温度异常偏高，各季的高度场也较常年同期偏高，这有利于副高的加强西伸，而7-8月、10月太平洋暖池区对流活动强盛，为热带气旋的生成发展提供了有利的动力条件，并在副高的引导下多为西行路径。 相似文献
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ENSO事件对中国气候的可能影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用 1 95 1 -1 998年的北太平洋海温和中国的温度、降水月平均资料 ,分析了ENSO事件对中国夏季主要雨带、长江中下游梅雨、华北雨季和中国秋冬季降水、温度、台风之间的可能影响 ,结果表明ENSO事件是影响中国气候的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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江苏冬夏季人体舒适度指数异常的背景场研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用江苏地区37个气象观测站1980—2009年逐日资料,及同时段美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及北太平洋海温资料,通过合成和遥相关法,研究了当江苏冬、夏季人体舒适度指数（CIHB）出现异常偏高和偏低时,大气环流与北太平洋海温场的基本特征。结果表明：（1）CIHB偏高年较偏低年,冬季,东亚大槽偏浅,冬季风明显偏弱,尤其是北风分量偏弱最为明显,江苏上空下沉气流偏弱,均不利于冷空气东移南压以及向下入侵;夏季,副热带高压偏西、偏强,南亚高压偏东、偏北、偏强,夏季风明显偏强,尤其是南风分量偏强显著,导致往北的暖湿气流强盛,垂直运动总体偏弱,不利于夏季对流活动的发生。（2）冬季,CIHB偏高年中西太平洋的海温高于偏低年,尤其是在我国东部近海的黑潮区,偏暖幅度最为明显,无论是超前相关还是同期相关,西太平洋海温与冬季CIHB都是以正相关为主,其中暖池区的正相关最为显著。 相似文献
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A meteorological reanalysis dataset and experiments of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model, Version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) are used to study the boreal winter season teleconnections in the Pacific-North America region and in the stratosphere generated by Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Niño. In the reanalysis data, the sign of the North Pacific and stratospheric response to Central Pacific El Niño is sensitive to the composite size, the specific Central Pacific El Niño index used, and the month or seasonal average that is examined, highlighting the limitations of the short observational record. Long model integrations suggest that the response to the two types of El Niño are similar in both the extratropical troposphere and stratosphere. Namely, both Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Niño lead to a deepened North Pacific low and a weakened polar vortex, and the effects are stronger in late winter than in early winter. However, the long experiments do indicate some differences between the two types of El Niño events regarding the latitude of the North Pacific trough, the early winter polar stratospheric response, surface temperature and precipitation over North America, and globally averaged surface temperature. These differences are generally consistent with, though smaller than, those noted in previous studies. 相似文献
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The Role of the Kuroshio in the Winter North Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction： Comparison of a Coupled Model and Observations 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A comparative study between the output of the Flexible Global Climate Model Version 1.0 (FGCM- 1.0) and the observations is performed. At 500 hPa, the geopotential height of FGCM is similar to the observations, but in the North Pacific the model gives lower values, and the differences are most significant over the northern boundary of the Pacific. In a net heat flux comparison, the spatial patterns of the two are similar in winter, but more heat loss appears to the east of Japan in FGCM than in COADS. On the interannual timescale, strong (weak) Kuroshio transports to the east of Taiwan lead the increasing (decreasing) net heat flux, which is centered over the Kuroshio Extension region, by 1–2 months, with low (high) pressure anomaly responses appearing at 500 hPa over the North Pacific (north of 25N) in winter. The northward heat transport of the Kuroshio is one of the important heat sources to support the warming of the atmosphere by the ocean and the formation of the low pressure anomaly at 500 hPa over the North Pacific in winter. 相似文献
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The winter response of the coupled atmosphere?Cocean mixed layer system to anomalous geostrophic ocean heat flux convergence in the Kuroshio Extension is investigated by means of experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to an entraining ocean mixed layer model in the extra-tropics. The direct response consists of positive SST anomalies along the Kuroshio Extension and a baroclinic (low-level trough and upper-level ridge) circulation anomaly over the North Pacific. The low-level component of this atmospheric circulation response is weaker in the case without coupling to an extratropical ocean mixed layer, especially in late winter. The inclusion of an interactive mixed layer in the tropics modifies the direct coupled atmospheric response due to a northward displacement of the Pacific Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone which drives an equivalent barotropic anomalous ridge over the North Pacific. Although the tropically driven component of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation response is comparable to the direct response in terms of sea level pressure amplitude, it is less important in terms of wind stress curl amplitude due to the mitigating effect of the relatively broad spatial scale of the tropically forced atmospheric teleconnection. 相似文献
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Seasonal prediction skill of ECMWF System 4 and NCEP CFSv2 retrospective forecast for the Northern Hemisphere Winter 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The seasonal prediction skill for the Northern Hemisphere winter is assessed using retrospective predictions (1982–2010) from the ECMWF System 4 (Sys4) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) CFS version 2 (CFSv2) coupled atmosphere–ocean seasonal climate prediction systems. Sys4 shows a cold bias in the equatorial Pacific but a warm bias is found in the North Pacific and part of the North Atlantic. The CFSv2 has strong warm bias from the cold tongue region of the eastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific and cold bias in broad areas over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A cold bias in the Southern Hemisphere is common in both reforecasts. In addition, excessive precipitation is found in the equatorial Pacific, the equatorial Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in Sys4, and in the South Pacific, the southern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in CFSv2. A dry bias is found for both modeling systems over South America and northern Australia. The mean prediction skill of 2 meter temperature (2mT) and precipitation anomalies are greater over the tropics than the extra-tropics and also greater over ocean than land. The prediction skill of tropical 2mT and precipitation is greater in strong El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters than in weak ENSO winters. Both models predict the year-to-year ENSO variation quite accurately, although sea surface temperature trend bias in CFSv2 over the tropical Pacific results in lower prediction skill for the CFSv2 relative to the Sys4. Both models capture the main ENSO teleconnection pattern of strong anomalies over the tropics, the North Pacific and the North America. However, both models have difficulty in forecasting the year-to-year winter temperature variability over the US and northern Europe. 相似文献
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赤道东太平洋海温与中国温度、降水的关系 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
根据１９５１～１９９８年北太平洋海温和中国温度、降水资料,统计分析了春、夏、秋、冬四季赤道东太平洋海温、厄尔尼诺及拉尼娜事件和中国温度、降水的关系,结果表明：赤道东太平洋海温、厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件与中国温度、降水有一定关系,其中与温度冬季关系较好,与降水秋季关系最好。 相似文献