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1.
《海洋与湖沼》2014,(1)
海藻中含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),但同时也富集一定浓度的有机氯农药,食用海藻摄入多不饱和脂肪酸的同时也会摄入这类污染物,其共摄入风险分析评估是食品安全领域必须关注的科学问题。本文以胶州湾近岸采集的条斑紫菜、坛紫菜、海带、裙带菜、龙须菜等5种常见经济海藻为研究对象,分析了其脂肪酸和有机氯农药组成情况。结果表明,这5种海藻中脂肪酸以棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸(DHA)为主,n-6和n-3 PUFA的比值远小于建议值4,均有较高的营养价值;5种海藻中六六六类农药主要残留的是γ-HCH,滴滴涕类农药中P,P’-DDD、P,P’-DDT残留量较高。对PUFAs中的有效成分二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+DHA与有机氯农药污染物共摄入时对人体的益害风险进行了评估,发现对于健康成人在达到EPA+DHA摄入要求下,食用这5种海藻带来的多不饱和脂肪酸与有机氯农药污染物共摄入引起非致癌或致癌的健康风险较低。 相似文献
2.
利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定了野生台湾东风螺(Babylonia formosae),方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)及养殖方斑东风螺软体部和生殖腺脂肪酸组成及其含量.结果表明,2种贝软体部和生殖腺的15种主要脂肪酸中,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量较饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量高.野生台湾东风螺、方斑东风螺及养殖方斑东风螺软体部的UFA质量分数分别为68.22%、67.23%和76.05%: 其软体部SFA质量分数分别为28.16%,28.23%和21.53%.多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)质量分数高,n-3PUFA和n-6PUFA质量分数占总脂肪酸的39.20%～64.53%,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)质量分数占总脂肪酸的13.82%～34.22%,养殖方斑东风螺的质量分数最高.研究发现,2种东风螺,特别是养殖的小型方斑东风螺,不仅具有较高的营养价值,且是EPA和DHA理想的提取原料. 相似文献
3.
条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用GC/MS法分析了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)的未受精卵、胚胎、仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼各阶段的脂肪酸组成特点及含量变动,旨在研究条石鲷发育早期脂肪酸的组成和变化规律。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:(1)鱼卵中主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0、C22:6(n-3)(DHA)、C20:5(n-3)(EPA)和C18:1(n-9)(油酸);(2)胚胎及内源性营养阶段,主要利用C16:0、C18:0以及C18:1作为能量来源,EPA和DHA被优先保存下来;(3)摄食轮虫和桡足类AA、EPA、DHA含量显著提高,摄食卤虫则C18:1(n-9)、C18:2(n-6)及C18:3(n-3)含量迅速增加;(4)在稚鱼期必需脂肪酸AA、DHA含量不足,而EPA过高,可能引起细胞膜磷脂中DHA与EPA比例失衡,出现稚鱼"死亡高峰"。 相似文献
4.
采用气相色谱检测的方法,进行大西洋庸鲽精液脂肪酸组成分析及激素GnRHa诱导对其组成影响的研究。结果表明,大西洋庸鲽精液中含量最高的脂肪酸种类为22:6n-3(DHA,二十二碳六烯酸),占总脂肪酸比例25.67%±0.94%;其次为16:0(PA,棕榈酸)、20:5n-3(EPA,二十碳五烯酸);重要必需不饱和脂肪酸20:4n-6(AA,花生四烯酸)含量较低,为1.76%±0.01%。精液中高不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量较高,为44.25%±0.30%;饱和脂肪酸(SAT)含量为27.72%±0.22%。重要脂肪酸比例DHA/EPA为2.33±0.26;EPA/AA为6.30±0.51;n-3/n-6为9.22±0.60。激素诱导未对精液中脂肪酸组成产生显著影响。重要必需脂肪酸DHA、EPA、AA,以及n-3、n-6等重要种类的脂肪酸总量在激素诱导组与非诱导对照组样品间无显著差异;在激素诱导后的三个取样时间的样品间也无显著差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
5.
该文用 7株富含 EPA、DHA的海洋微藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫 (Brachionus plicatilis)进行强化 ,通过检测轮虫的脂肪酸组成和含量来研究这几种微藻对轮虫的营养价值。结果表明 :轮虫中的脂肪酸组成和含量与所用饵料密切相关 ,尤其是 EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)主要取决于这些脂肪酸在藻中的含量 ;强化 12 h后 ,轮虫中的 n- 3PUFA含量一般为饵料中含量的 75 %左右 ,强化 2 4 h达 80 %以上 ,强化 7d的轮虫可达 90 %以上。 相似文献
6.
光照强度对海洋微藻脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来，海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的研究及其应用越来越受到国内外科学家的重视。高度不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，特别是长链的n-3 PUFA，如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对海洋动物和人类都具有营养学和医学上的价值。在海洋微藻的培养过程中，光照强度是海洋微藻生长的条件之一，光线的明与暗，光度的强与弱，不仅对微藻的生长速率、产量有影响，而且对其脂肪含量和脂肪酸的组成也有影响(Teshima et al.，1983；Thompson et al.，1990； Renaud et al., 1991)。
作者在以往研究的基础上，选择了3种有代表性的海洋微藻：(1)小球藻Chlorella sp-2(李荷芳等，1999)，此藻脂肪酸中EPA含量高、且不含DHA；(2)球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)，该藻DHA含量较高，但几乎不含EPA；(3)前沟藻(Amphidinium sp.)的EPA、DHA含量均高。将以上3种微藻作为原料，在不同的光照强度下进行培养，测定并分析藻体中的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的变化，从而了解光强对海洋微藻脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成的影响。 相似文献
7.
用GC／MS法分析比较了紫菜粉、小球藻、酵母、Banta液（牛粪1．5g＋干稻草2g＋沃土20g＋水1000cm3）4种食物条件下蚤状潘的脂肪酸组成．结果表明：4种食物培养下,蚤状潘的总脂含量依次为39．80、60．10、44．60、52．30mg／g．一共检测出脂肪酸14种,其中8种饱和脂肪酸（SFA）,2种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）,4种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）．紫菜粉培养组与小球藻组PUFA含量显著高于酵母组和Banta液组（P〈0．05）,占总脂肪酸的1／3以上,酵母组MUFA质量分数最高（P〈0．05）,达55．73％,Banta液组以SFA质量分数最高（P〈0．05）,为52．45％．其中紫菜粉组的PUFA中缺乏C18：3,但C20：5（EPA）和C20：4（AA）质量分数高达22．67％和9．02％是小球藻组的1．6倍和4．5倍（P〈0．05）,而且EPA和AA的实际含量也显著高于小球藻组（P〈0．05）,达到9．02mg／g和3．59mg／g;比较得出,紫菜粉培养组的20碳以上必需不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,明显高于其他3组．本实验证实蚤状潘的脂肪酸组成与食物脂肪酸成正相关．分析认为,用紫菜粉培养枝角类用于海水育苗会取得更佳的营养效果． 相似文献
8.
《应用海洋学学报》2014,(1)
用GC/MS法分析比较了紫菜粉、小球藻、酵母、Banta液(牛粪1.5g+干稻草2g+沃土20g+水1 000 cm3)4种食物条件下蚤状溞的脂肪酸组成.结果表明:4种食物培养下,蚤状溞的总脂含量依次为39.80、60.10、44.60、52.30mg/g.一共检测出脂肪酸14种,其中8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),2种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA).紫菜粉培养组与小球藻组PUFA含量显著高于酵母组和Banta液组(p0.05),占总脂肪酸的1/3以上,酵母组MUFA质量分数最高(p0.05),达55.73%,Banta液组以SFA质量分数最高(p0.05),为52.45%.其中紫菜粉组的PUFA中缺乏C18:3,但C20:5(EPA)和C20:4(AA)质量分数高达22.67%和9.02%是小球藻组的1.6倍和4.5倍(p0.05),而且EPA和AA的实际含量也显著高于小球藻组(p0.05),达到9.02 mg/g和3.59mg/g;比较得出,紫菜粉培养组的20碳以上必需不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,明显高于其他3组.本实验证实蚤状溞的脂肪酸组成与食物脂肪酸成正相关.分析认为,用紫菜粉培养枝角类用于海水育苗会取得更佳的营养效果. 相似文献
9.
南海野生斑节对虾亲虾卵巢发育过程中的脂肪酸组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生物学和生理生化方法研究我国南海北部野生斑节对虾Penaeus monodon亲虾在卵巢发育不同阶段的卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉的脂肪酸(fatty acid,FA)组成及变化规律.结果发现,亲体肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉的脂肪酸中棕榈酸(16:0,17.61%-33.6%)、棕榈油酸(16:1n-7,8.08%-14.36%)、18:0(6.46%-17.15%)、油酸(18:1n-9,9.64%-18.81%)、花生烯酸(20:4n-6,arachidonic acid,ARA,4.8%-10.83%)、二十碳五烯酸(20:5n-3,eicosapntemacniocacid,EPA,4.64%-11.98%)及二十二碳六烯酸(22:6n-3,docosahexaenoic acid,DHA,2.23%-9.3%)占主要比例.在卵巢发育不同阶段,卵巢中的12:0、14:0、16:0、18:0、20:0及总的饱和脂肪酸(saturation fatty acid,∑SFA)的含量逐渐上升,成熟期达到最高,产卵后下降;肝胰腺16:0和饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)呈波动上升趋势;肌肉中的14:0、16:0、18:0、20:0及∑SFA呈现出先下降后升高的变化,在接近成熟期(Ⅳ-Ⅴ)降到最低,产卵后回升到最高.在肝胰腺、卵巢、肌肉组织发育过程中,16:1、18:1n-7和单不饱和脂肪酸(mono unsaturation fatty acid,∑MUFA)的含量均呈现波浪式上升,成熟期(Ⅴ)达到最高.18:2n-6、ARA及n-6 FA含量起伏波动,先升后降,成熟前期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ)达到最大值,在成熟期达到最小值.卵巢中EPA、n-3 FA呈现出下降趋势,成熟期(Ⅴ)接近最低,EPA、DHA及总的n-3 FA和多不饱和脂肪酸(poly unsaturation fatty acid,∑PUFA)含量在卵黄囊发生期(Ⅲ)波动上升达到最大值,之后逐步下降,Ⅵ期(产卵后)最低或回落到未成熟期水平.DHA/EPA、∑n-3/n-6及∑PUFA/SFA的比值波动变化,在卵黄囊发生期(Ⅲ)或成熟期(Ⅳ-Ⅴ)上升达到最大值,之后逐步下降,Ⅵ期(产卵后)最低或恢复到未成熟期(Ⅰ)水平.在自然海区性成熟的斑节对虾亲体组织中,∑SFA:∑MUFA:∑PUFA比例近似为35%:30%:35%:n-3与n-6、∑PUFA与∑SFA及DHA与EPA达到近似的平衡状态.研究结果为斑节对虾亲虾人工配合饲料的配制提供了参考依据. 相似文献
10.
采用禁食试验方法进行了太平洋鲑生长鱼经8—32d饥饿后对其鱼体脂肪与脂肪酸变化的影响研究。结果表明,饥饿期间脂肪是太平洋鲑主要的能量来源,饥饿初期太平洋鲑主要消耗肝脏脂肪作为能量维持生命活动,能耗较低;饥饿中后期主要以消耗肠系膜脂肪和肌肉脂肪作为能量维持生命活动,能耗逐步增加(P<0.05)。饥饿后,鱼体肝脏、背肌和肠系膜脂肪中大多数饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)比例显著性下降(P<0.05),大多数多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)(P<0.05)比例显著性上升,表明太平洋鲑饥饿期间主要消耗SFA和MUFA供能,而PUFA多予以保留,较少消耗供能;二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)比例和DHA/EPA比值均升高显著性上升(P<0.05),表明太平洋鲑在饥饿条件对脂肪中的DHA和EPA,特别是DHA有较强选择性保留能力。鱼体对肝脏、背肌和肠系膜脂肪利用差异性的主要原因是其组织器官中脂肪酸比例不同。鱼体主要利用体内不同组织脂肪中的SFA和MUFA供能,从而节约了机体蛋白质与脂肪中的PUFA以维持重要的生命活动。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
13.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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