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1.
滨海含水层地层损害是指淡水驱替咸水过程中,释放后的黏土胶体发生絮凝沉降,导致地层孔隙被堵塞,引起含水介质的渗透性降低的现象。该文通过絮凝沉降实验和定流速砂柱实验,分析不同离子强度和阳离子价态(一价、二价)对胶体絮凝沉降的影响,结果表明:NaCl作为电解质时,絮凝发生的离子强度范围在0.032~0.034 mol/L之间,絮凝时间从82 min减少至39 min;而电解质为CaCl 2,离子强度为0.006 mol/L时,胶体的絮凝时间仅需6 min;钙钠比越高,黏粒絮凝发生的越快。砂柱实验结果显示,含水介质渗透性会随着电解质溶液的离子强度增加和阳离子价态的升高快速降低。当电解质为NaCl,离子强度分别为0.054 mol/L和0.017 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%所需时间分别为15 min和50 min;当电解质为CaCl2,离子强度为0.011 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%仅需5 min。因为高离子强度和高价阳离子可以加速胶体絮凝,多孔介质的孔吼更容易发生堵塞,研究成果对降低滨海含水层的地层损害有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
2.
《东北石油大学学报》2016,(4)
为探索SiO2/SDS复合体系CO2泡沫在调驱方面的应用潜力,通过物理模拟实验研究该泡沫体系的封堵及分流性能,并对SiO2纳米颗粒在岩心中的滞留情况进行评价。结果表明:随着SiO2纳米颗粒质量分数升高,泡沫体系封堵性能增强,当颗粒的质量分数达到1.0%时其封堵性能增幅减缓;随着温度升高,其封堵性能下降;随着压力升高,其封堵性能增强,当压力达到8 MPa时其封堵性能趋于稳定;并且泡沫体系的分流性能也随着SiO2纳米颗粒质量分数的升高而增强,当颗粒质量分数升高至1.5%时能够实现流度反转;当颗粒质量分数低于1.5%时,在多孔介质中的滞留量较少,对于多孔介质的影响较小,而当颗粒质量分数高于2.0%时,对多孔介质产生较大的伤害。 相似文献
3.
利用高密度电阻率法监测纳米胶体在饱和多孔介质中的运移过程.对纳米胶体和保守性示踪剂在末端的电导率穿透曲线进行了比较.结果表明,纳米胶体与保守性示踪剂在多孔介质中的运移过程非常相似,均可用一维对流弥散方程进行拟合.通过对不同截面、不同电极间距、竖直方向的电阻穿透曲线的比较,说明利用高密度电阻率仪监测纳米胶体在多孔介质中的运移是可行的.无论是传统示踪剂还是纳米胶体,在同一截面上不同电极间距几个测点的穿透曲线非常相似,沿着水流向前推进的溶液锋面到达同一电极截面的时间非常接近,说明多孔介质是非常均质的.同时高密度电阻率法可以动态反映砂柱中纳米胶体运移的时空变化特征. 相似文献
4.
多孔介质中酚醛树脂冻胶动态成胶规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为认识酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中动态成胶行为,通过测定黏度和注入压力随成胶时间的变化,研究酚醛树脂冻胶在安瓿瓶和多孔介质中的静态成胶及多孔介质中动态成胶过程;考察聚合物和交联剂质量分数对成胶时间和冻胶强度的影响.结果表明:静态条件下,酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中的初始和最终成胶时间分别为安瓿瓶内成胶的1～1.5倍和1.5～2倍;多孔介质中,动态初始和最终成胶时间分别为静态条件下的2倍和2～3倍;随聚合物和交联剂质量分数增大,成胶时间缩短,冻胶强度增大,但在成胶过程中冻胶向深部运移的能力降低.后续水驱结果表明:动态成胶过程中,冻胶封堵位置主要集中在岩心入口端,封堵率达99.8%以上;只有当酚醛树脂冻胶可以在多孔介质中产生明显的运移时,冻胶体系才具有深部调剖的能力;当多孔介质的渗透率为8μm2左右,HPAM质量分数小于0.2%,酚醛树脂预聚体质量分数小于0.6%时,冻胶可以进行深部调剖.多孔介质中静态成胶形成的为整体冻胶,而动态成胶形成的为分散的冻胶颗粒. 相似文献
5.
滑坡抗剪强度参数主要有天然峰值强度、饱和峰值强度、天然残余强度和饱和残余强度4种,这4种强度之间的关系目
前还研究甚少。为此,提出了以收集的万州区20个典型堆积层滑坡147组抗剪强度参数为基础,采用数学分析软件SPSS筛选饱
和残余强度的影响因素,然后利用Excel分析饱和残余强度与其影响因素的相关关系,以此判断影响因素的函数形式,在此基础上
采用多元非线性回归模型研究饱和残余强度与其他3种抗剪强度参数之间的关系式。最后以万州区典型堆积层滑坡———螺丝冲
滑坡为例,将多元非线性回归模型的计算结果与多元线性回归模型计算结果及试验值进行对比分析。研究表明,多元非线性回归
模型计算的相对误差在8%以内,而多元线性回归模型计算的相对误差在6.85%~23.88%之间,多元非线性回归模型精度更高。 相似文献
前还研究甚少。为此,提出了以收集的万州区20个典型堆积层滑坡147组抗剪强度参数为基础,采用数学分析软件SPSS筛选饱
和残余强度的影响因素,然后利用Excel分析饱和残余强度与其影响因素的相关关系,以此判断影响因素的函数形式,在此基础上
采用多元非线性回归模型研究饱和残余强度与其他3种抗剪强度参数之间的关系式。最后以万州区典型堆积层滑坡———螺丝冲
滑坡为例,将多元非线性回归模型的计算结果与多元线性回归模型计算结果及试验值进行对比分析。研究表明,多元非线性回归
模型计算的相对误差在8%以内,而多元线性回归模型计算的相对误差在6.85%~23.88%之间,多元非线性回归模型精度更高。 相似文献
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7.
利用格子理论模型探讨了甲烷在页岩中的吸附特征。该模型基于不同假设可发生一定转变,利用该理论预测甲烷吸附量的精度较高,绝对误差小于0.004 2mmol/g,预测精度随着温度的升高而略升;模型中确定的理论单层饱和吸附密度Г0及吸附质分子与微孔表面之间的接触势能εs等参数可用来指示温压对甲烷吸附特征的影响及页岩中纳米级微孔发育程度。随着温度的升高|εs|减小,|εs|与温度间的变化近乎线性;Г0<Гmax,Г0可以大体表征分子吸附状态,甲烷在页岩中吸附的Г0和|εs|值比富含纳米级微孔的多孔活性炭小得多。同时讨论了所定义参数Y与X之间的线性关系,进而对微孔中吸附质分子间平均作用势εa进行了估算,结果表明|εa|<|εs|;在测试温压范围内,随着温度的升高|εa|先升高后降低;温度较低时εs/εa倍率较大(7.05倍),随着温度升高,该倍率减小并逐渐趋于稳定(平均约3.37倍)。利用该理论对不同地区及不同类型页岩在更宽尺度温压范围内对页岩微观结构表征或真实含气量关系研究具参考价值。 相似文献
8.
制备条件对聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖凝胶性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以戊二醛为交联剂,由聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CTS)混合交联得到一种水凝胶,考察了聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖的配比、交联剂用量和反应时间对聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶吸水率的影响。通过单因素实验,得出了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶具有最佳溶胀性能时的条件:聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖的摩尔比为6∶1,交联剂戊二醛的体积分数为0.05%,反应时间9h。测定了该凝胶在不同pH值下的吸水率和吸附铜离子的性能,得出聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶在酸性介质的吸水率远远大于碱性介质,对铜离子(Cu2+)的吸附量比壳聚糖凝胶提高了33.7%,因此该凝胶吸附剂在工业废水处理重金属离子方面具有一定的优越性。 相似文献
9.
污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响,室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质,以生活污水模拟污染河流,68 d以后发现,苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32.06%、21.39%和27.13%。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76.26%、81.40%和87.99%,3号柱为68.94%、74.41%和81.69%,粗砂小于中砂,并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大,其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分浓度随深度呈递减趋势,苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0.4 m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物的迁移和转化特征,苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解,其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。 相似文献
10.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(4)
用改良SE培养基培养富油新绿藻(Neochloris oleoabundans),用缺氮改良SE培养基培养处于稳定期后期的藻细胞3 d,分别收集处于生长期、稳定期、衰亡期和缺氮胁迫状态的藻细胞,用Folch法提取藻细胞油脂,以质量法计算油脂产率,用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸组成。结果表明,富油新绿藻随着培养期延长油脂含量提高,在缺氮胁迫状态下藻细胞油脂质量分数达28.99%;随着细胞油脂含量的增加,油脂脂肪酸组成也发生变化,从生长期到氮缺乏胁迫状态油酸质量分数由24%增至44%,而亚油酸质量分数由26.84%降至19.85%,亚麻酸质量分数由12.74%降至4.75%。富油新绿藻在分批培养后期和氮缺乏而碳源充足的条件下可积累油脂,而在油脂积累阶段油脂的脂肪酸组成亦不同。 相似文献
11.
Jun Zhou Lixia Qiu Guoqing Lin Xiaoyun Yan Xiaolan Chen Honglu Pang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(5):847-852
Seawater intrusion has become one of serious environmental problems in coastal areas. During the replacement of saline water by fresh water in the aquifers, in-situ clay could be released, transport and deposit in the porous media due to the change of hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions, which resulted in the increasing of particle size, plugging of pores and reduction of the permeability. Batch experiments and sand column experiments were explored to study the relationships between the flocculation of in-situ clay and geochemical conditions, by changing ionic strength and ionic type of clay suspension. Column outflow was analyzed for suspended particles and electrical conductivity. The total percentage of colloid straining and interception distribution in porous media was calculated. The results indicate that porous media had an effect on the interception of clay colloid particles with about 10 percent clay colloids captured due to the rough surfaces and spatial structure of porous media. Ionic strength played a key role on the permeability reductions. The higher ionic strength is, the greater the amount of colloidal particles trapped. Ionic type also had a significant effect on the interception of clay colloid particles. Ripening was the main mechanism for the interception within porous media when the bulk solution was potassium chloride while blocking happened when the bulk solution was sodium chloride. The distribution of clay colloids in porous media was heterogeneous. The closer to the sand column inlet was the less interception of clay colloids was. The results can provide the scientific basis for preventing the water sensitivity during the process of salty aquifer restoration. 相似文献
12.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(6)
In coastal areas, excessive exploitation of groundwater causes seawater intrusion. In artificial recharge of aquifer remediation process, the replacement of saltwater and freshwater with each other causes colloid release, and permeability also decreases. In this paper, the aquifer samples containing minimal clay mineral(mainly illite) in Dagu River aquifer were used. Adopting horizontal column experiments, we studied the influences of seepage velocity and ionic strength on particle release, as well as the relationship between them. In the column experiments, the Critical Salt Concentration(CSC) of the Dagu River aquifer was determined as 0.05 mol L~(-1) approximately. This result was basically consistent with the DLVO theoretical calculation. For the constant seepage velocity, the salinity descending rate and partical release were slower, and the peak of particle concentration was lower. However, the total amount of released particles was almost constant at different salinity descending rate. For constant salinity descending rates, the peak of particle concentration decreased as seepage velocity increased, but the total amount of released particles rose up. The experiments also indicated the existence of a critical seepage velocity, which dropped with the decrease of salt concentration. When the concentration of Na Cl solution decreased from 0.17 mol L~(-1) to 0.06 mol L~(-1), the critical seepage velocity decreased from 3 cm min~(-1)to 2.5 cm min~(-1), which is consistent to the results predicted by DLVO theory. 相似文献
13.
Water sensitivity phenomenon occurs during saline aquifer freshening process in seawater intrusion area, and clay particles released in the phenomenon can damage the infiltration capacity of the aquifer. In order to find out the factors and mechanisms for clay particle release, laboratory column infiltration experiments simulating saline aquifer freshening process were designed to measure the critical conditions(critical flow velocity, critical salt concentration and critical ionic strength) and force analysis for clay particle according to DLVO electric double layer theory was employed to illustrate the mechanisms for particle release. The research results showed that critical flow velocity for clay particle release is influenced by salt concentration of injecting solution. When salt concentration of injecting solution is very high, clay particles are not released, indicating that there does not exist a critical flow velocity in this situation. As salt concentration of injecting solution decreases, particles start to be released. The critical salt concentration for clay particle release is 0.052 mol L-1 in our work, which was determined by a constant-flux experiment for stepwise displacement of high concentration Na Cl solution. The critical ionic strength for clay particle release decreases as Ca2+ molar content percentage of the mixed solution of Na Cl and Ca Cl2 increases following the first-order exponential decay equation y = 0.0391e-0.266 x + 0.0015. 相似文献
14.
甘肃黑方台黄土经历长期的灌溉入渗破坏了其原生结构，改变了不同深度黄土的颗粒级配，影响了土体的力学性质。为研究反复灌溉入渗对坡体的影响，通过室内土柱渗透试验研究了反复入渗对甘肃黑方台黄土渗透特性的影响，并研究了渗透作用下黄土中细颗粒运移的规律与模式。研究表明:①水力梯度对渗透速率影响较小而干密度对渗透速率影响较大；随着入渗次数的增加，重塑黄土的渗透性能变弱；②黄土在渗流力的作用下，存在细颗粒沿渗流方向运移的现象，且细颗粒在土柱中上部聚集最多；③影响细颗粒运移的因素有:水力梯度、干密度和渗透次数；其中细颗粒的运移量与水力梯度、渗透次数呈正相关，与干密度呈负相关，且水力梯度是影响细颗粒运移的主要因素；④在渗透过程中，细颗粒运移堆积，最终填充土体内孔隙，导致黄土的渗透性下降。 相似文献
15.
密度大于水的重非水液相（DNAPLs）有机污染物在重力作用下向地下介质深部迁移从而增加污染范围。前人通过一维砂柱和二维砂箱试验发现利用密度调节技术可降低DNAPLs向下迁移的风险，但目前缺乏微观尺度上密度调节影响DNAPLs迁移的定量观测。本研究试验模拟丁醇注入微空隙调节四氯乙烯（PCE）的密度，通过建立非水相中染色PCE浓度、密度与灰度的定量关系，监测注入丁醇后空隙介质中非水相密度的动态变化，基于空隙中代表性非水相PCE受力情况分析其运移状态，揭示空隙尺度介质性质和密度调节程度对DNAPLs迁移的影响。试验结果表明:丁醇注入后，PCE浓度和密度迅速下降，离散状PCE与丁醇有效接触面积大且起效快；当非水相密度降至略大于水相密度时，非水相受毛细力和摩擦力的影响停止向下迁移；当非水相密度小于水相密度时，非水相才在注入压力与浮力的作用下克服毛细力、重力和摩擦力向上迁移；注入压力、摩擦力、毛细力、浮力与重力影响着空隙中非水相的迁移行为，空隙半径越大，毛细力对调节PCE向上迁移的影响越小；密度比水小的丁醇注入介质后向上迁移，因此丁醇从DNAPLs下端注入可提高修复效率。试验证实了向空隙介质中注入丁醇能够显著减小DNAPLs的密度从而降低其向下迁移的风险，为实际场地DNAPLs修复方案的制定提供微观机制方面的信息。 相似文献
16.
《世界地质(英文版)》2015,(3)
Calcareous sand is a kind of special medium which is composed of calcium carbonate and other difficult soluble carbonate substances. Because of its rich in inner pore space and easy crashed,the mechanical property is very different from conventional quartz sand. Based on the compaction test and direct shear test of calcareous sand,by means of data fitting,the coupling relationship between compaction density and mechanical property under different water contents was obtained; meanwhile,the shear strength expression was built on the basis of the relationship between water content and dry density. 相似文献
17.
水体中S2-与砷(As)的迁移富集密切相关, 但不同含水介质中其作用机理尚不明确。为了查明潜流带中常见含水介质河砂在S2-作用下对As的吸附特征, 设计并开展了As在河砂上的吸附动力学实验, 以及S2-作用下河砂对As的吸附实验, 结合PHREEQC模拟计算, XRD、SEM-EDS、XPS和FTIR等表征测试技术, 进一步识别其作用机理。结果表明: 固液比为25 g/L情况下, 河砂对As的吸附在200 h左右达到吸附平衡, 且对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量明显高于As(Ⅲ); 随着S2-浓度的增加, 河砂对As吸附能力逐渐减弱; 模拟及表征测试结果显示, 少量As被吸附在河砂表面, 主要与其表面的Fe、Al结合, 其中As(Ⅲ)的吸附可能还与Si-O键断裂后与S2-结合形成的SiS2有关。S2-对河砂吸附As的主要影响机理为: ①S2-的加入使得溶液pH值升高、Eh值降低, 从而抑制了As的吸附; ②添加S2-条件下河砂表面的Fe、Al等能与S和As形成AlAs、AlAsO4、FeS2及Fe4As2O11等化合物, 减少了河砂表面吸附As的活性位点。研究结果有助于丰富As-S作用机理, 以及As在地下水环境中迁移过程的认识。 相似文献
18.
Landslides & debris flows formation from gravelly soil surface erosion and particle losses in Jiangjia Ravine 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gravelly soils are made up of gravel, sand, silt and clay. They are widely used in engineering applications such as rock-fill dams with clay cores, which are the main researches at present. The strength and mechanical properties of the gravelly soils are affected by the content of coarse grain, fine particles, and their adhesive states. These Properties can be verified by laboratory unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests with grain size less than 5 mm and by large scale direct-shear tests with original grain content. Fine particles of the loose gravelly slopes are released under rainfalls, alternated the structures and mechanical properties, even affected the slope stability. There are a series of large scale direct-shear tests with different coarse grain contents to study the influence of fine particles releasing and migration, results showed the strength behavior of the gravelly soils were affected by the coarse grain content （5） and the inflection coarse grain contents. In order to study the erosion features of the gravelly soil slopes on rainfall conditions and the slopes stability alteration, we had carried out one sort of artificial rainfall local and model experiments, the runoff sediment contents were monitored during the experiments. Result showed that the shapes of the slopes surface transformed periodically, runoff sediment contents were divided into five phases according to the experiment phenomena, runoff sediment contents maintained downtrend during the rain time and the downtrend was obviouslyinterpreted by one descend belt no matter the rainfall intensity and the slope angels. Particle size analysis released the deposit on the slope surface lost almost all of the clay, most of the silt and sand after the experiments, this meant the fine particles releasing, migration and accumulation process on condition of rainfall resulted in the instability factor of the slopes even induced landslide or debris flow. 相似文献