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1.
The compositional variation of chromite and associated olivine in chromite-rich and chromitepoor cumulus layers of the Panton Sill is described and a diffusion-controlled crystallization mechanism is proposed to explain this variation. By this mechanism, chromite initially precipitates with a fairly uniform composition, irrespective of the relative proportions of coprecipitating olivine and chromite, and is modified by continued growth during the postcumulus stage. The effect of postcumulus overgrowth of chromite, K
d
=(Mg/Fe2+)liquid/(Mg/Fe2+) chromite6, is to deplete the surrounding magma in chromium and decrease Fe2+ relative to Mg such that a chemical gradient exists between the overlying magma, through which the cumulus grains settled, and the magma in contact with settled chromite grains near the magma/crystal pile interface. Postcumulus equilibration of olivine and chromite with the surrounding magma results in higher Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratios of both olivine and chromite and higher Al content of chromite. The extent of this postcumulus modification is directly related to the proportion of chromite to olivine in a particular layer. This model can be extended to stratiform intrusions elsewhere in which chromite coprecipitates with olivine, orthopyroxene or plagioclase and displays similar compositional trends. 相似文献
2.
The origin of chromitites and related PGE mineralization in the Bushveld Complex: new mineralogical and petrological constraints 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Naldrett A. J. Wilson Allan Kinnaird Judith Yudovskaya Marina Chunnett Gordon 《Mineralium Deposita》2012,47(3):209-232
This article reports a study of chromitites from the LG-1 to the UG-2/3 from the Bushveld Complex. Chromite from massive chromitite
follows two compositional trends on the basis of cation ratios: trend A—decreasing Mg/(Mg + Fe) with increasing Cr/(Cr + Al);
trend B—decreasing Mg/(Mg + Fe) with decreasing Cr/(Cr + Al). The chromitites are divided into five stages on the basis of
which trend they follow and the data of Eales et al. (Chemical Geology 88:261–278, 1990) on the behaviour of the Mg/Fe ratio of the pyroxene and whole rock Sr isotope composition of the environment in which they
occur. Following Eales et al. (Chemical Geology 88:261–278, 1990), the different characteristics of the stages are attributed to the rate at which new magma entered the chamber and the effect
of this on aAl2O3 and, in the case of stage 5, the appearance of cumulus plagioclase buffering the aAl2O3. The similarity of PGE profiles across the MG-3 and MG-4 chromitites that are separated laterally by up to 300 km and the
variation in V in the UG-2 argue that the chromitites have largely developed in situ. Modelling using the programme MELTS
shows that increase in pressure, mixing of primitive and fractionated magma, felsic contamination of primitive magma or addition
of H2O do not promote crystallization of spinel before orthopyroxene (in general they hinder it) and that the Cr2O3 content of the magma was of the order of 0.25 wt.%. Less than 20% of the chromite in the magma is removed before orthopyroxene
joins chromite, which implies a >13-km thickness of magma for the Critical Zone. It is suggested that the large excess of
magma has escaped up marginal structures such as the Platreef. The PGE profile of chromitites depends on whether sulphide
accumulated or not along with chromite. Modelling shows that contamination of Critical Zone magma with a felsic melt will
induce sulphide immiscibility, although not chromite precipitation. The LG-1 to LG-4 chromitites developed without sulphide,
whilst those from the LG-5 upwards had associated liquid sulphide. Much of the sulphide originally in the LG-5 and above has
been destroyed as a result of reaction with the chromite. 相似文献
3.
Mohamed W. Ali-Bik Said H. Abd El Rahim Wael Abdel Wahab 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(10):4009-4027
A small intrusive fresh gabbroic mass intrudes the Neoproterozoic metasediments and Dokhan volcanics of Wadi Az Zarib area, Central Eastern Desert. It is composed of hornblende gabbros and leuco-hornblende gabbros. Their petrography, opaque mineralogy, and geochemistry are addressed to elucidate their tectonic setting and petrogenesis. They represent a subduction-related calc–alkaline magma that evolved in an island arc setting. In terms of maturity, the supposed arc represents an intermediate stage between continental arc and active continental margin. Thermobarometry and physical–chemical data of the parent magma as deduced from compositions of amphiboles, biotite, and plagioclase indicate crystallization temperatures of 931–825 °C at pressures of 6.16–4.01 kbar and H2Omelt of 6.4–5.2 wt%. Data, as presented, argue in favor of fractional crystallization mechanism to be accounted to the present suite to interpret the observed variations. The evolution of the suite from hornblende gabbros to leuco-hornblende gabbros was accompanied by decreasing of MgO, CaO, Cr, and Ni with simultaneous increasing of Al2O3, TiO2, Na2O, K2O, Ba, Rb, Sr, La, and Ce. Residuals calculated during mass balance fractional crystallization modeling suggest that brown and green hornblendes are the main fractionated phases which derived the melt composition towards the leuco-hornblende gabbros. 相似文献
4.
应用电子探针技术研究北京密云放马峪铬铁矿床成因——来自含铬尖晶石矿物化学的证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
似层状铬铁矿床长期以来被认为是岩浆分异成因,但近年来有学者提出其中个别产在蛇绿岩中。本文选择北京放马峪似层状铬铁矿床中纯橄岩、辉橄岩和辉石岩中不同类型的含铬尖晶石进行了电子探针分析。研究表明,岩浆早期的纯橄岩和辉橄岩中的铬尖晶石富铬(Cr2O3平均43.32%),而岩浆晚期辉石的结晶消耗了大量Cr3+,由于氧逸度的升高,在辉石岩的单斜辉石中出溶贫铬的铬磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均10.32%)和富铝尖晶石(Cr2O3平均15.77%)。与世界上不同类型铬尖晶石的矿物化学特征进行对比,可以认为放马峪铬铁矿床是产在阿拉斯加型岩体中的早期岩浆矿床,而与蛇绿岩无关。本文对放马峪铬铁矿床成因和成矿专属性的限定,为这类镁铁-超镁铁岩体的铬、铜镍、铂族元素的找矿勘查提供了依据。 相似文献
5.
Origin of phlogopite-orthopyroxene inclusions in chromites from the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex,South Africa 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
About 30% of the chromite grains of variable sizes in a chromitite seam at the base of the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex
on the farm Vlakfontein contain abundant composite mineral inclusions. The inclusions are polygonal to circular with radial
cracks that protrude into the enclosing chromite. They vary from a few microns to several millimeters in diameter and are
concentrated in the cores and mantles of chromite crystals. Electron backscattered patterns indicate that the host chromites
are single crystals and not amalgamations of multiple grains. Na-phlogopite and orthopyroxene are most abundant in the inclusions.
Edenitic hornblende, K-phlogopite, oligoclase and quartz are less abundant. Cl-rich apatite, rutile, zircon and chalcopyrite
are present at trace levels. Na-phlogopite is unique to the inclusions; it has not been found elsewhere in the Bushveld Complex.
Other minerals in the inclusions are also present in the matrix of the chromitite seam, but their compositions are different.
The Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios of orthopyroxene in the inclusions are slightly higher than those of orthopyroxene in the matrix. K-phlogopite in
the inclusions contains more Na than in the matrix. The average compositions of the inclusions are characterized by high MgO
(26 wt%), Na2O (2.4 wt%) and H2O (2.6 wt%), and low CaO (1.1 wt%) and FeO (4.4 wt%). The δ18O value of the trapped melt, estimated by analysis of inclusion-rich and inclusion-poor chromites, is ∼7‰. This value is consistent
with the previous estimates for the Bushveld magma and with the δ18O values of silicate minerals throughout the reef. The textural features and peculiar chemical compositions are consistent
with entrapment of orthopyroxene with variable amounts of volatile-rich melts during chromite crystallization. The volatile-rich
melts are thought to have resulted from variable degrees of mixing between the magma on the floor of the chamber and Na-K-rich
fluids expelled from the underlying crystal pile. The addition of fluid to the magma is thought to have caused dissolution
of orthpyroxene, leaving the system saturated only in chromite. Both oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values are consistent with
the involvement of a magmatic fluid in the process of fluid addition and orthopyroxene dissolution. Most of the Cr and Al
in the inclusions was contributed through wall dissolution of the host chromite. Dissolution of minor rutile trapped along
with orthopyroxene provided most of the Ti in the inclusions. The Na- and K-rich hydrous silicate minerals in the inclusions
were formed during cooling by reaction between pyroxene and the trapped volatile-rich melts. 相似文献
6.
阿拉斯加型岩体的基本特征、成岩过程及成矿作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
阿拉斯加型岩体是一类具有独特的岩性环带状结构的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体,常呈链状分布于汇聚板块边缘。其形成时代跨度较大,从元古代到新生代均有分布,以中生代最为发育。大部分阿拉斯加型岩体规模较小,出露面积约12～14 km~2或更小,平面上呈近似同心环状结构,垂直剖面上呈管道状。岩体中心为纯橄岩,向外依次包括异剥橄榄岩、橄榄单斜辉石岩、单斜辉石岩、角闪单斜辉石岩、角闪石岩和辉长岩。造岩矿物为橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石等,副矿物为铬铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿等,超镁铁质岩石中少或无斜方辉石,斜长石仅出现在边缘的辉长质岩石中。磁铁矿在单斜辉石岩和角闪石岩中为常见矿物,含量最高达15%～20%。阿拉斯加型岩体的主量元素成分揭示所有岩石均为与拉斑玄武质岩浆分异有关的亚碱性堆晶岩。微量元素成分上显示平坦的稀土元素配分型式和较低的微量元素含量,且富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。矿物化学特征上,橄榄石富镁且Fo值变化较大;单斜辉石主要为富Ca的透辉石,其成分变化具有弧堆晶趋势;角闪石主要是镁角闪石和韭角闪石;铬铁矿富集Fe-Al,贫Cr。这些特征揭示,该类岩体成因明显不同于层状岩体和阿尔卑斯型岩体。综合岩石学、矿物学和地球化学分析表明,阿拉斯加型岩体形成于与板块俯冲作用有关的岛弧或者活动大陆边缘背景下,其母岩浆为受到熔/流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生的含水玄武质岩浆。各岩相为未受明显地壳混染的同源母岩浆在地壳深度结晶分异的产物。阿拉斯加型岩体的岩浆体系具有含水且高氧逸度的特征,其通常为铂族元素和铬铁矿矿床的重要载体,无或少铜镍矿化。 相似文献
7.
Carlos A.E De Albuquerque 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(5):789-803
Chemical analyses are given for actinolitic hornblendes of tonalitic rocks from the Hercynian belt of Northern Portugal. The distribution of elements between amphibole and co-existing biotite is studied. The composition of the amphiboles is analysed in the light of experimental data on amphiboles and the physical conditions of crystallization inferred from the study of the biotite and rock series. The data on the biotites lead to the definition of a temperature of 800°C for the crystallization of actinolitic hornblendes with Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios of 0·72-0·61 at pressures of about 3 Kb and fO2 defined by FMQ. 相似文献
8.
The Asama igneous complex, central Japan: An ultramafic-mafic layered intrusion in the Mikabu greenstone belt, Sambagawa metamorphic terrain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Asama igneous complex comprises layered mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks exposed over about 500×6000 m in the Mikabu greenstone belt, Sambagawa metamorphic terrain of Mie Prefecture; its margins terminate by faults, and there is no trace of chilled rocks. The exposed layered sequence is about 460 m thick, and includes dunite, plagioclase wehrlite, olivine gabbro and two-pyroxene gabbro. The crystallization sequence of essential cumulus minerals is olivine, followed by plagioclase and clinopyroxene together, and finally the appearance of orthopyroxene. Olivine systematically varies in composition from Fo89 to Fo78 with stratigraphic height in the lower to middle portion of the layered sequence. The composition of clinopyroxene changes from Ca49Mg46Fe5 to Ca40Mg47Fe13 upward in the layered sequence; cumulus orthopyroxene, which occurs at the top of the exposed layered sequence, has a composition of Ca2Mg74Fe24. Cumulus chromite occurs as disseminated grains in peridotitic rocks, and tends to increase its Fe3+/(Cr+Al+Fe3+) ratio with stratigraphic height. The most aluminous chromite [Cr/(Cr+Al) = 0.48] occurs in dunite that crystallized shortly before plagioclase began to separate as an essential phase. The Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of the most aluminous chromite, coupled with the crystallization order of essential minerals, suggests that the Asama parental magma was moderately enriched in plagioclase and clinopyroxene components in the normative mineral diagram plagioclase-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene. It was similar to a Hawaiian tholeiite and different from the Bushveld and Great “Dyke” parental magmas that were more enriched in orthopyroxene component; it also differed from mid-oceanic ridge basalts that are more depleted in the orthopyroxene component. The Asama clinopyroxene and chromite show characteristically high TiO2 contents and are also similar to those in Hawaiian tholeiites. The Asama igneous complex probably resulted from the crystallization of a magma of a Hawaiian (oceanic-island) tholeiite composition and formed in an oceanic island regime. 相似文献
9.
哈拉尕吐花岗岩基位于东昆仑东段,其中花岗闪长岩岩浆混合作用明显,是研究岩浆混合作用的良好对象.从岩石学、岩相学和矿物化学等方面对哈拉尕吐花岗岩基进行了详细研究.电子探针结果显示:寄主岩斜长石的An值同相对应包体中斜长石捕掳晶近似;包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断;部分包体中浅色基质斜长石的An值与具核边结构斜长石的边部近似;辉长闪长岩中斜长石具较高的An值.寄主岩角闪石同相对应包体中角闪石捕掳晶的结晶温度、压力和氧逸度较为接近;包体中基质角闪石的结晶温度和压力低于寄主岩角闪石,氧逸度稍高于寄主岩角闪石;辉长闪长岩角闪石具有最高的结晶温度和压力及最低的氧逸度.哈图沟剖面和德福胜剖面寄主岩中的斜长石和角闪石的成分具有一定差别.岩浆不同期次侵入结晶和岩浆自身演化,使不同地点斜长石和角闪石的成分和物理化学特征具有一定变化.镁铁质岩浆位于地壳深部,氧逸度较低,使结晶的角闪石具有较高的形成压力和较低的氧逸度,斜长石具较高An值;随着镁铁质岩浆注入寄主岩,由于环境突变,使斜长石受到熔蚀;由于岩浆上侵以及两种岩浆物理化学性质差别较大,导致温度、压力和水饱和度降低,氧逸度升高,使包体中残留岩浆快速结晶,形成具核边结构、浅色均一的斜长石,以及结晶程度较差、较高氧逸度的角闪石. 相似文献
10.
Anna Hietanen 《Lithos》1973,6(3):261-264
Electron microprobe analyses of green hornblende and coexisting cummingtonite from garnet amphibolite show identical Fe/Mg ratios ( = 0.9). Cummingtonite is iron-magnesium silicate with very little calcium and aluminum and practically no alkalies. In contrast, the hornblende has 1.5 tetrahedral Al, 0.9 octahedral Al and a considerable amount of Ca and alkalies. Comparison with the hornblendes from the Sierra Nevada shows a higher relative amount of tschemakite molecule in the hornblendes from Idaho where pressures during the recrystallization were higher. 相似文献
11.
J. G. Brophy Michael J. Dorais Julie Donnelly-Nolan Bradley S. Singer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,126(1-2):121-136
The rhyolite of Little Glass Mountain (73–74% SiO2) is a single eruptive unit that contains inclusions of quenched andesite liquid (54–61% SiO2) and partially crystalline cumulate hornblende gabbro (53–55% SiO2). Based on previous studies, the quenched andesite inclusions and host rhyolite lava are related to one another through fractional crystallization and represent an example of a fractionation-generated composition gap. The hornblende gabbros represent the cumulate residue associated with the rhyolite-producing and composition gap-forming fractionation event. This study combines textural (Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast, NDIC, imaging), major element (An content) and trace element (Mg, Fe, Sr, K, Ti, Ba) data on the style of zonation of plagioclase crystals from representative andesite and gabbro inclusions, to assess the physical environment in which the fractionation event and composition gap formation took place. The andesite inclusions (54–61% SiO2) are sparsely phyric with phenocrysts of plagioclase, augite and Fe-oxide±olivine, +/–orthopyroxene, +/–hornblende set within a glassy to crystalline matrix. The gabbro cumulates (53–55% SiO2) consist of an interconnected framework of plagioclase, augite, olivine, orthopyroxene, hornblende and Fe-oxide along with highly vesicular interstitial glass (70–74% SiO2). The gabbros record a two-stage crystallization history of plagioclase+olivine+augite (Stage I) followed by plagioclase+orthopyroxene+ hornblende+Fe-oxide (Stage II). Texturally, the plagioclase crystals in the andesite inclusions are characterized by complex, fine-scale oscillatory zonation and abundant dissolution surfaces. Compositionally (An content) the crystals are essentially unzoned from core-to-rim. These features indicate growth within a dynamic (convecting?), reservoir of andesite magma. In contrast, the plagioclase crystals in the gabbros are texturally smooth and featureless with strong normal zonation from An74 at the core to around An30. K, and Ba abundances increase and Mg abundances decrease steadily towards the rim. Ti, Fe, and Sr abundances increase and then decrease towards the rim. The trace element variations are fully consistent with the two-stage crystallization sequence inferred from the gabbro mineralogy. These results indicate progressive closed-system in situ crystallization in a quiescent magmatic boundary layer environment located along the margins of the andesite magma body. The fractional crystallization that generated the host rhyolite lava is one of inward solidification of a crystallizing boundary layer followed by melt extraction and accumulation of highly evolved interstitial liquid. This mechanism explains the formation of the composition gap between parental andesite and rhyolite magma compositions. 相似文献
12.
The equilibrium between chromite and melt has been determinedon four basalts at temperatures of 1200–1400?C over arange of oxygen fugacity (fo2) and pressures of 1 atm and 10kb. The Cr content of chromite-saturated melts at 1300?C and1 atm ranges from 0?05 wt.% Cr2O3 at a log fo2= –3 to1?4 wt.% at a log fo2=–12?8. The Cr2+/Cr3+ of melt increaseswith decreasing fo2 and is estimated by assuming a constantpartitioning of Cr3+ between chromite and melt at constant temperature.The estimated values of Cr2+/Cr3+ in the melt are at fo2 valuesof 4–5 orders of magnitude lower than the equivalent Fe2+/Fe3+values. The Cr/(Cr+Al) of chromite coexisting with melt at constanttemperature changes little with variation of fo2 below log fo2=–6.Five experiments at 10 kb indicate that Cr2O3 dissolved in themelt is slightly higher and the Cr/(Cr + Al) of coexisting chromiteis slightly lower than experiments at 1 atm pressure. Thus variationin total pressure cannot explain the large variations of Cr/(Cr+ Al) that are common to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) chromite. Experiments on a MORB at 1 atm at fo2 values close to fayalite-magnetite-quartz(FMQ) buffer showed that the Al2O3 content of melt is highlysensitive to the crystallization or melting of plagioclase,and consequently coexisting chromite shows a large change inCr/(Cr + Al). It would appear, therefore, that mixing of a MORBmagma containing plagioclase with a hotter MORB magma undersaturatedin plagioclase may give rise to the large range of Cr/(Cr +Al) observed in some MORB chromite. 相似文献
13.
本文主要对沂水青龙峪出露的超镁铁质岩石和基性麻粒岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究。超镁铁质岩石以捕掳体形式存在于沂水杂岩中,不发育鬣刺结构,氧化物组成具有超镁铁质科马提岩的高MgO、富CaO、低SiO2、TiO2、K2O和Na2O含量特征;矿物组合以单斜辉石+橄榄石±斜方辉石+铬铁矿为主;变质矿物以角闪石+蛇纹石化为特征;该岩石以稀土元素总含量(∑REE)低、LREE/HREE=3.35～4.40及Ce和Eu负异常为特征。微量元素组成以Ba、Nb、Zr负异常和Nd、Sm正异常为特征。根据锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年法对该超镁铁质岩石中捕获的早期岩浆结晶锆石和新生的变质锆石进行的研究,年龄值分别为2657～2702Ma和2551～2585Ma,表明该超镁铁质岩石形成年龄为2585～2657Ma。基性麻粒岩的氧化物组成特征表明其属高Mg的洋岛拉斑玄武岩,麻粒岩相——高角闪岩相变质作用与新太古代的深熔和岩浆侵入作用有关,矿物组合以紫苏辉石+单斜辉石±角闪石+斜长石±石榴子石为特征;晚期蚀变作用与辉长岩墙、辉绿岩脉及石英闪长岩买的侵入有关,矿物组合以滑石化+绢云母化+绿泥石化为特征;稀土元素组成以轻重稀土元素无分异和无Eu异常为特征;微量元素组成以Nb、Zr、P、Ti负异常和Sr、K正异常为特征;锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明麻粒岩相——角闪岩相变质作用年龄为2498.4±7.6Ma,导致麻粒岩相——角闪岩相变质的深熔和岩浆结晶年龄为2551±24Ma,晚期蚀变作用的年龄分别为2231～2235Ma和1850±19Ma。 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of rhythmic layering of chromite and host serpentinites in the deformed layered igneous complexes has been noticed in the Nuggihalli schist belt (NSB) in the western Dharwar craton, Karnataka, South India. For this study, the chromitite rock samples were collected from Jambur, Tagadur, Bhakatarhalli, Ranganbetta and Byrapur in the NSB. Petrography and ore microscopic studies on chromite show intense cataclasis and alteration to ferritchromite. The ferritchromite compositions are characterized by higher Cr number (Cr/[Cr+Al]) (0.68–0.98) and lower Mg number (Mg/[Mg+Fe]) (0.33–0.82) ratios in ferritchromite compared to that of parent chromite. The formation process for the ferritchromite is thought to be related to the exchange of Mg, Al, Cr, and Fe between the chromite, surrounding silicates (serpentines, chlorites), and fluid during serpentinization. 相似文献
15.
Composition of chromiferous spinel included in olivines of Mg-rich basalts and gabbros of the Deccan Traps (Gujarat and Western Ghats) are reported here. They vary from Al-rich compositions [Al2O3 = 53wt.%; Cr#, 100Cr/(Cr + Al) = 12] to Cr-rich compositions [Cr2O3 = 51wt.%; Cr# = 84], and from Cr-Al rich compositions towards Cr-rich Ti-magnetite (TiO2 up to 23 wt.%, ulvöspinel up to 67mol.%). The Mg# [100Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] of spinel decreases from 81 to nearly zero. The highest Cr# has been found in the Bushe Fm., Thakurvadi Fm., and some high-Ti basalts of the Pavagadh section, whereas some of the low-Ti basalts of Saurashtra have Al-rich compositions typical of spinels found in mid-ocean ridge basalts. The chemical composition of the Deccan Trap spinels is completely different compared to that observed in mantle spinel suites, with very few exceptions. The decreasing Al and increasing Fe and Ti of spinel seems to be mainly the result of decrease of Mg in the locally coexisting melts and favourable cationic substitutions in the lattice. There is barely any evidence of general relationships between the composition of the Deccan spinels and inferred mantle sources of the host magmas. Pyroxene inclusions in spinels may witness a high-pressure stage of crystallization, but the possibility of non-equilibrium crystallization, or even magma mixing, cannot be ruled out. Overall, the compositional ranges of chromiferous spinel in the Deccan Traps closely match those observed in the other Large Igneous Provinces having mafic/ultramafic intrusions and mafic magma compositions (e.g., Siberian Traps, Karoo, Emeishan). 相似文献
16.
Complete chemical analyses, structural formulae and trace elementdata are presented for 9 hornblendes and 12 biotites from thecharnockitic and associated rock types of Kondapalli (AndhraPradesh, India), some 200 miles north of the type area nearMadras. The chemical characteristics of the hornblendes are:very high [Al]4, nearly constant Ca, very high and nearly constanttotal alkalis (Na2O > K2O in the hornblendes of ultrabasiccharnockites and Na2O < K2O in those of basic charnockites),very high F and Cl, low total water, and Ni in amount greaterthan Co. The biotites are characterized by high Ti and F, lowMn, total absence of Ca, exceptionally high amounts of Cl, lowtotal water, and have Ni > Co; the biotites from differentgroups of host rocks have different Al and Fe3+ contents. Thevariations in composition of these minerals are interpretedas due to the change in bulk rock chemistry and mineralogy andnot to the change in temperatures of crystallization. The element distributional relationships in hornblende-biotite,hornblende-orthopyroxene, hornblende-clinopyroxene, biotite-orthopyroxene,and biotite-clinopyroxene pairs from the Kondapalli charnockitesare evaluated, with particular attention to the partition ofFe2+, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cr, Ni, Co, and V, and comparisons are madewith similar data available for corresponding mineral pairs.Highly consistent and uniform distribution coefficients forFe2+ and Mg (and a small range of distribution coefficientsfor many of the trace elements) are obtained for most of thedifferent sets of mineral pairs from Kondapalli, suggestingthat equilibrium distribution of the elements between the phaseshad been attained. 相似文献
17.
The Naein ophiolite is the most complete ophiolitic exposure in Cental Iran and considered as a remnant of the Mesozoic Central East Iranian microcontinent (CEIM) confining oceanic crust. In the northeastern part of this ophiolite (Darreh Deh area) within the mantle peridotites, a few hundred meters below the top of the Moho transition zone (MTZ), the hornblendites are present as dykes (former cracks and joints) from a few millimeters to nearly 50 cm wide. They have sharp boundaries with the surrounding mantle harzburgites and dunites. These hornblendites are pale green and coarse-grained in hand specimen and composed of magnesio-hornblende (Mg# = 0.93), chlorite (penninite and clinochlore, Mg# = 0.95), Cr-spinel (chromite, Cr# = 0.67 and Mg# = 0.55), tremolite, calcite and dolomite. Tremolites were formed by retrograde metamorphism of hornblendes. Calcite and dolomite occur as late-stage veins. Very high amount of primary hydrous phases (~94 vol % hornblende and chlorite), as well as peculiar mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Naein ophiolite mantle hornblendites, do not match a magmatic origin. They are possibly products of the reaction between mantle peridotites and seawater-originated supercritical fluids, rich in silicate components. The presence of primary hydrous phases (hornblende and chlorite) may reveal high activity of H2O in the involved solution. The chemical composition of chromite in the hornblendites is near to the average chromite composition from the surrounding harzburgite and dunite. This suggests that the main source of Cr should be chromites of nearby peridotites, which were totally or partly dissolved by hydrothermal fluids. The positive anomaly of Eu in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of hornblendes, high modal abundance of Ca-rich hornblende, as well as presence of calcite and dolomite, point to seawater ingression through the gabbros in to the uppermost mantle peridotites. The higher value of MgO than CaO, presence of high-Cr chromite and Cr-enrichment of hornblendes and chlorites indicate a higher contribution of peridotites rather than gabbros to the chemical characteristics of the involved fluids. This study shows that circulation of possibly seawater-derived high temperature hydrous fluids in the upper mantle can leach and provide necessary elements to form hornblendite in joints and cracks of the uppermost mantle. 相似文献
18.
綦村岩体是冀南邯邢地区典型的中生代高镁闪长岩杂岩体,主要由斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩、角闪闪长岩、闪长岩、二长岩和少量辉长岩组成。对綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩进行了较为详细的成因矿物学研究,探讨了其成因及其地质意义。研究发现,綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩中的角闪石多为镁铝钙闪石和镁角闪石;黑云母主要为富镁黑云母;斜长石发育环带结构,核部以中长石和拉长石为主,边部多为更长石。角闪石矿物温压计估算结果显示,角闪石斑晶的形成温度为930~970 ℃,压力介于300~340 MPa之间,深度10~15 km,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.1~+2.3,平衡熔融体中的水含量4.8%~5.5%;与黑云母平衡的角闪石形成温度为684~760 ℃,压力降低至42~61 MPa,熔体中水含量降至3.1%~4.3%,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.7~+2.4。黑云母温度计和氧逸度计获得的结果与角闪石温压计估算结果一致。该结果表明,研究区高氧逸度的铁镁质岩浆在中地壳曾经驻留,并发生了以角闪石为主的结晶分异,富含挥发分的分异岩浆在后期快速侵位形成高镁闪长岩和矽卡岩型铁矿。 相似文献
19.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(7-8):1219-1232
Large (≥2 mm) chromite grains are present in IIIAB iron meteorites and in the main-group pallasites (pmg), closely related to high-Au IIIAB irons. Pallasites seem to have formed by the intrusion of a highly evolved metallic magma from a IIIAB-like core into fragmented olivine of the overlying dunite mantle. High Cr contents are commonly encountered during the analyses of metallic samples of high-Au IIIAB irons and main-group pallasites, an indication that Cr contents were high in the intruding liquid and that Cr behaved as an incompatible element during the crystallization of the IIIAB magma, contrary to expectations based on the negative IIIAB Cr-Ni and Cr-Au trends among low-Au IIIAB irons.In a region about 10 cm across in the Brenham main-group pallasite massive chromite fills the interstices between olivine grains, the site normally occupied by metal in Brenham and other pallasites. The massive chromite may have formed as a late cumulus phase; because Fe-Ni was also crystallizing, its absence in the chromite-rich region suggests a separation associated with differences in liquid buoyancy. The coexisting chromite and olivine are zoned; in the olivine FeO is highest in pallasitic (olivine-metal) regions, lowest in rims adjacent to chromite, and intermediate in the cores of these olivines. Chromite shows the opposite zoning, with the highest FeO contents at grain edges adjacent to olivine. The observed gradients are those expected to form by Fe-Mg exchange between olivine and chromite during slow cooling at subsolidus temperatures. Compared to normal Brenham, contents of phosphoran olivine and phosphates are higher in the chromitic pallasitic region. We also report data for large-to-massive chromites present in pmg Molong and in high-Au IIIAB Bear Creek that, like Brenham, formed from a highly evolved magma. The Bear Creek chromite has a much lower Mg content than that in the pallasites, implying that, in the pmg, the Mg was extracted from the olivine during high-temperature reaction with the precipitating chromite. There are other circumstantial arguments indicating that Cr was incompatible in the metal during the crystallization of the IIIAB magma, with the concentration in the residual magma rising from an initial value of about 300 μg/g to a value around 700 μg/g when Bear Creek and Brenham were formed. We consider possible explanations for these negative Cr-Au and Cr-Ni trends and find the most probable one to be that they reflect sampling artefacts resulting from analysts avoiding visible chromite (and the commonly associated phase FeS) when choosing metal samples. 相似文献
20.
The regional distribution and chemical composition of massive and disseminated chromitites through a Platreef sequence and
along a strike distance of over ∼20 km were investigated to correlate them both within the framework of the northern limb
and to the eastern and western limbs of the Bushveld Complex. The chromitite layers and seams of the Platreef form two main
chromite-bearing zones: the Upper Chromitite that occurs as two to three discontinuous seams in feldspathic pyroxenite at
approximately 20 m below the Platreef top contact and the Lower Chromitite that is composed of multiple seams in feldspathic
harzburgite, pyroxenite and norite close to the bottom contact of the Platreef with footwall. Electron micro-probe analyses
reveal that the chemical composition of chromite depends on the host rock type. Norite and pyroxenite host chromite with the
highest Cr2O3 content while harzburgite-hosted chromites are Cr and Mg poor. The wide range in chromite compositions is explained by the
influence of late-magmatic processes including post-cumulus growth and re-equilibration, interaction with fluid- and sulphide-saturated
magmatic liquid and contact metamorphism. Each of these processes is characterised by its own distinct geochemical signature,
but generally they lead to a decrease in Mg and Al and an increase in both di- and tri-valent Fe in the chromite. The occurrence
of chromitite locally on the different distance from the contact between the upper Platreef sills and the overlying Main Zone
magma suggests erosion of the upper Platreef by the Main Zone as it was emplaced. The localisation of chromitites supports
an independent development of the northern limb during the Critical Zone emplacement although the chemical composition of
chromite and co-existing silicates from ultramafic rocks suggest a Critical Zone affinity with the eastern and western limbs
of the Bushveld Complex. 相似文献