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根据1988年4月、7月和10月的胶州湾水域调查资料,通过有机农药HCH在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化的分析,研究结果表明:HCH含量在这一年中都非常低0.018 8~0.209 5μg/L,水质在HCH含量方面更加清洁。而且,水体中HCH已经没有季节的变化了。HCH的水平分布表明:胶州湾水体中的HCH既有地表径流直接输入又有河流输入,HCH来源是面来源,来源于陆地。HCH的垂直分布表明:HCH的表、底层含量相接近。而且HCH表层含量几乎都是低于其对应的底层,同时,水体中表层与底层HCH的水平分布趋势一致。在HCH水域迁移过程中,整个海湾的HCH含量最大值大于或者小于0.100μg/L决定着表、底层HCH的含量变化及水平分布的一致性。通过环境本底值的结构模型,计算得到胶州湾水域HCH的基础本底值为0.018 8μg/L,陆地径流的输入量为0.00~0.190 7μg/L,海流的输入量为0.000μg/L,环境本底值为0.018 8~0.209 5μg/L。揭示了HCH从陆地到海底的过程要经过漫长的时间,虽然HCH含量已经变化得越来越低,可是HCH含量却一直存在着。HCH从陆地到海底一直存在于水体中,可以随时沿着食物链在迁移和富集,时刻对人类身体和生活环境造成了威胁和危害。 相似文献
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有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响Ⅰ.含量的年份变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据1979～1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的含量大小、年份变化和季节变化。研究结果表明:在1979～1984年(缺1980年)期间,在胶州湾水体中HCH的含量逐年都在减少。在1983年,中国禁止HCH的使用,在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量全部低于一类海水的水质标准。在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量很低,几乎没有季节变化。因此,中国禁止HCH的使用对环境的改善取得显著的成效。 相似文献
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胶州湾水域有机农药六六六分布及迁移 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六（HCH）在胶州湾水域的分布、迁移和季节变化。分析结果表明,在一年中,胶州湾水域夏季HCH的污染严重,而春、秋季污染较轻。在时空分布上,春、夏、秋季整个胶州湾水域的HCH水平分布比较均匀,属于面污染源。HCH的表、底层含量都相近,水体的垂直分布均匀。整个胶州湾水域,春季HCH含量增加,夏季迭到高峰5．393～12．480μg／L,秋季降低到低值0．073～0．685μg／L,这与胶州湾的入湾河流的流量变化相一致。因此认为,农药HCH的使用导致胶州湾水域HCH含量的变化。 相似文献
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胶州湾水域有机农药HCH的分布和残留量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1984年7月、8月和10月的胶州湾水域调查资料,对有机农药HCH在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化进行了分析,研究结果表明,胶州湾水域没有受到HCH污染。通过7月,HCH含量变化的水平分布,发现土壤中残留的HCH通过地表径流方式汇入近岸水域,并且HCH的含量很低,HCH来源是面来源。通过10月,HCH含量变化的水平分布,发现胶州湾水域输入的HCH只有通过外海的海流输送。HCH含量的季节变化展示了:HCH含量在7月比较高,在10月比较低。这揭示了在7月,HCH的表层含量高,通过沉降,在10月,HCH的表层含量变低。7月和10月,胶州湾水域水体中表层以及胶州湾的湾口水域水体中表、底层HCH含量水平分布表明:表层的HCH的含量减少完全依赖胶州湾潮流的稀释。在禁止HCH农药的使用后,海水中HCH含量大幅减少,这表明陆地残留量的衰减引起水域HCH的减少。而且,海水中HCH含量的快速下降,说明陆地HCH残留量的衰减也较快,下降了38.14%~212.17%。 相似文献
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胶州湾水域有机农药HCH的分布和稀释过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1983年5月、9月和10月的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化。研究结果表明:在胶州湾水域没有受到HCH的污染。通过河流输入近岸水域和通过地表径流直接输入近岸水域的HCH含量是一样的,非常低。HCH来源是面来源。在夏季,输入的胶州湾水域的HCH含量与春、秋季相比,相对较高。根据HCH在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化,认为1983年HCH含量变化由胶州湾附近盆地的雨量大小所决定。在胶州湾湾口水域,表层的HCH水平分布状况与底层的HCH水平分布状况一致。HCH的含量在表层的减少完全依赖胶州湾潮流的稀释,不仅在水体表层中HCH含量会形成低值区域,而且在水体底层中HCH含量也会形成低值区域。 相似文献
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根据1985年4月、7月和10月胶州湾水域调查资料,研究和分析胶州湾重金属汞的水质、平面分布、垂直分布、季节变化以及来源。结果表明:汞在胶州湾水体中的含量范围为:0.029~4.950μg/L,符合一类到劣四类海水水质标准;4月,在胶州湾整个湾内水域受到汞的污染,在湾的东部和北部近岸水域受到汞的严重污染,7月,受到汞的污染较重,在10月,受到汞的轻微污染。胶州湾汞含量只有一个来源:是由海泊河、李村河和娄山河的河流输送的,而且输送的汞浓度都非常高。汞表、底层分布的时空变化和垂直分布都表明了汞迅速沉降的重力特性,证实了汞的水域迁移过程和水域迁移机制。在胶州湾的整个湾内水域,受到汞的污染程度是由河流输送汞含量的多少来决定的。 相似文献
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胶州湾水域有机农药六六六的污染源及分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1982年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了有机农药HGH在胶州湾水域的分布、污染源和季节变化。结果表明,胶州湾水域在4月、6月、7月和10月,HCH的污染较轻。在胶州湾水域,4月、6月和7月,HCH的含量变化由近岸向湾中心有梯度形成：从大到小呈下降趋势,10月HCH的梯度变化刚好相反。表层HCH的水平分布状况与底层HCH的水平分布状况一致。HCH含量变化展示HCH通过河流输入近岸水域要比通过地表径流直接输入近岸水域的质量浓度要高。因此,胶州湾水域HCH含量变化证明了HCH的陆地迁移过程。这表明在夏季,输入的胶州湾水域HCH的含量与春季相比,相对较高;HCH表、底层含量变化在时间尺度和空间尺度上证明了HCH的水域迁移过程。这揭示了HCH的表层含量高,通过沉降,HCH的底层含量就高。根据表、底层的HCH含量变化,提出了HCH的水体效应、稀释效应和累积效应,并用模型框图,表明了HCH穿过水体的含量变化,定量描述水体对HCH的作用。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献