共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
随着工业化进程的加快,水土重金属污染事件逐渐增多,对其治理与修复成为当前的迫切工作。冻结技术在治理修复污染水土时,其修复过程只向地层输入“冷量”,属于绿色修复技术,无二次污染风险,受到越来越多的关注。详细总结了冻结技术的修复机理,及其在污水、污泥、重金属污染土壤治理修复中的应用现状和最新研究进展。冻结修复机理是通过冰的自净作用和固-液相平衡原理来实现污染物的定向驱赶和富集,而黏性土壤颗粒的吸附和阻滞作用使单一技术对重金属污染土壤的修复难度增大,其他修复手段与冻结技术联合处理成为一种新的思路。利用冻结土体的低渗透性,还可有效降低污染物的迁移速度,封闭不同种类污染物,形成阻隔污染物扩散的冻结屏障。冻结修复技术在水土重金属污染净化及修复领域具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
3.
对上海郊区不同地貌单元的 12个土壤-沉积物剖面进行铀、钍含量调查的结果显示,各剖面铀、
钍的含量均处于中国土壤背景值范围之内,且表土和下部沉积物之间不存在明显差异,反映尚未遭受到人为污
染。铀、钍含量的分布与地貌环境 （ 包括物质来源、物质颗粒组成、有机碳含量以及pH值等）密切相关：贝
壳砂堤和火成岩残丘附近剖面的铀、钍最为富集,而新形成的潮滩剖面中铀、钍含量最低。在砂质沉积物占主
导且pH值较大的河口沙岛和新滨海平原环境中,铀、钍含量随有机碳含量增加而上升,而在泥质沉积物占主导
且pH值偏低的淡水湖沼区,铀、钍含量和有机质含量呈相反关系。 相似文献
钍的含量均处于中国土壤背景值范围之内,且表土和下部沉积物之间不存在明显差异,反映尚未遭受到人为污
染。铀、钍含量的分布与地貌环境 （ 包括物质来源、物质颗粒组成、有机碳含量以及pH值等）密切相关：贝
壳砂堤和火成岩残丘附近剖面的铀、钍最为富集,而新形成的潮滩剖面中铀、钍含量最低。在砂质沉积物占主
导且pH值较大的河口沙岛和新滨海平原环境中,铀、钍含量随有机碳含量增加而上升,而在泥质沉积物占主导
且pH值偏低的淡水湖沼区,铀、钍含量和有机质含量呈相反关系。 相似文献
4.
Nemirovskaya I. A. Zavyalov P. O. Konovalov B. V. Khramtsova A. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,492(1):387-391
Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of studying the content and composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the suspended particulate matter of the... 相似文献
5.
油气形成是多源的,但目前有机生油或干酪根热降解生油已成为主导学说。“干酪根”是一个笼统的概念,实际上它是由母源体在埋藏环境中不断演化而来的。在这一演化过程中,母源体不断生成油气,它决定着干酪根的类型与丰度。不同的时代,这种母源体是不一样的。因为植物群(水生、陆生)在不断地演变、进化、更替着。同时,各时代的生态环境也不同,这不仅控制着母源体的类型与丰度,也控制着干酪根的类型与丰度,进而控制油气的数量和质量。 相似文献
6.
本文从阐述西藏主要城镇地下水资源分布及城镇集中供水水源的保证程度出发,提出了城镇地下水资源开发利用的主要方向和建立傍河型水源地的可行性。指出了城镇集中供水水源地地下水开采的主要适用形式。 相似文献
7.
北极地区丰富的油气资源近年来引发全世界的广泛关注。评估结果显示,北极油气资源分布不均,主要集中在俄罗斯、美国阿拉斯加、挪威、加拿大和丹麦格陵兰。不同国家和地区北极油气资源勘探开发特点不同,在新形势下可能还会发生变化。中国是油气消费大国和进口大国,俄罗斯北极地区已日渐成为中国重要油气供应地之一。综合分析几个主要北极国家北极油气开发利用现状和未来发展前景,与中国目前参与北极油气开发利用的情况,对未来中国如何参与北极油气资源开发利用提出建议,将俄罗斯作为中国北极油气开发的长期合作伙伴,与其开展项目投资、技术入股、航道建设等多个方面的合作。 相似文献
8.
生态安全和环境保护是世界各国都非常关心的问题。地质钻探和石油天然气钻采工作中产生大量废弃物,直接影响生态安全和环境保护,给经济建设和人民生活带来很大的负面影响。俄罗斯钻探工作者对此进行了研究,取得了一定效果。他们主要采用综合处理方法和磁化处理方法。利用这2种方法,废弃物不仅可以再生,而且还可以二次使用,有一定的创新和实际意义,值得引起我们的重视,建议对此进行研究与讨论。 相似文献
9.
G. V. Novikov V. K. Egorov V. I. Popov L. V. Sipavina 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1977,1(1):1-14
Iron-rich pyrrhotites proved to be metastable and to decompose at 70–140° C to troilite and pyrrhotite with less iron content as shown by nuclear gamma-resonance (Mössbauer) studies at high temperatures. Coherence of decomposition product lattices was established by studying powder samples textured in a magnetic field. Detailed X-ray powder diffraction and Mössbauer investigations revealed two different mechanisms of transformation in metastable associations. Kinetic phenomena are discussed in terms of a thermodynamic model of two-phase assemblage. 相似文献
10.
Valence of titanium and vanadium in pyroxene in refractory inclusion interiors and rims 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The clinopyroxene in coarse-grained refractory inclusions contains significant amounts of Ti and V, two elements that are multivalent over the range of temperatures and oxygen fugacities under which the inclusions formed. The Ti3+/Ti4+ ratios and the valence of V of these pyroxenes are valuable recorders of nebular conditions. The former can be calculated stoichiometrically from electron probe analyses, but only for relatively Ti-rich grains (i.e., >∼4 wt% ). For Ti-poor pyroxene, and for measurement of V valence, another technique is needed. We have, for the first time, applied K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to the measurement of Ti and V valence in meteoritic clinopyroxene in refractory inclusions. Use of MicroXANES, a microbeam technique with high (μm-scale) spatial resolution, allowed measurement of Ti and V valence along traverses across (a) Ti-, V-rich “spikes” in pyroxene in Type B1 inclusions; (b) typical grains in a Type B2 inclusion; and (c) the pyroxene layer of the Wark-Lovering rim sequence on the outsides of two inclusions. Measurements of Ti3+/(Ti3+ + Ti4+), or Ti3+/Titot, by XANES agree with values calculated from electron probe analyses to within ∼0.1, or ∼2σ. The results show that Ti3+/Titot increases sharply at the spikes, from 0.46 ± 0.03 to 0.86 ± 0.06, but the V valence, or V2+/(V2+ + V3+), does not change, with V2+ ≈ V3+. We found that pyroxene in both Types B1 and B2 inclusions has Ti3+/Titot and V2+/Vtot ratios between 0.4 and 0.7, except for the spikes. These values indicate, to first order, formation at similar, highly reducing oxygen fugacities that are consistent with a solar gas. The pyroxene in the rim on an Allende fluffy Type A coarse-grained refractory inclusion, TS24, has an average Ti3+/Titot of 0.51 ± 0.08 and an average V2+/Vtot of 0.61 ± 0.06, determined by XANES. These values are within the range of those of pyroxene in the interiors of inclusions, indicating that the rims also formed under highly reducing conditions. Measurements of Ti3+/Titot of pyroxene in the rim of a Leoville compact Type A inclusion, 144A, by both XANES and electron probe give a wide range of results. Of our 72 XANES analyses of this rim, 66% have Ti3+/Titot of 0.40-0.71, and the remaining analyses range from 0 to 0.38. In data from Simon et al. [Simon J. I., Young E. D., Russell S. S., Tonui E. K., Dyl K. A., and Manning C. E. (2005) A short timescale for changing oxygen fugacity in the solar nebula revealed by high-resolution 26Al-26Mg dating of CAI rims. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.238, 272-283.] for this sample, 7 electron probe analyses yield calculated Ti3+/Titot values that are positive and 15 do not. In the probe analyses that have no calculated Ti3+, Ca contents are anticorrelated and Al contents directly correlated with the total cations per 6 oxygens, and the data fall along trends calculated for addition of 1-7% spinel to pyroxene. It appears likely that electron probe analyses of pure pyroxene spots have Ti3+/Titot values that are typical of refractory inclusions, in agreement with the majority of the XANES results. The average of the XANES data for 144A, 0.41 ± 0.14, is within error of that for TS24. The rim of 144A probably formed under reducing conditions like those expected for a solar gas, and was later heterogeneously altered, resulting in an uneven distribution of secondary, FeO-, Ti-bearing alteration products in the rim, and accounting for the measurements with low Ti3+/Titot values. 相似文献
11.
T. V. Klets 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(2):174-184
Comparative analysis of taxonomic diversity dynamics of condontophorids from Boreal (Arctic regions of Russia) and Tethyan (Northwest Pacific) paleobasins showed that they had most favorable habitat environments in tropical seas. In the Boreal realm, condontophorids went through three stages of evolution comprising probably four substages and four phases, whereas three stages with six substages and twelve phases are distinguished in the Tethyan realm. The most important abiotic factors that controlled development of conodontophorids are paleotemperature of seawater and paleogeographic settings. Renewals in taxonomic composition conodontophorids and diversification of their assemblages have been confined to moments of paleotemperature and/or sea level rise. The comparative analysis of stages in evolution of conodontophorid and bivalve assemblages has been carried out. As is established, the peak taxonomic diversity of bivalves in Boreal seas was in the Late Triassic after the diversity minimum of the Early Triassic time. In contrast, conodontophorids were most diverse in the Olenekian Age. 相似文献
12.
Discovery of Cinnabar in Soils in Hg Anomalous Zones in City and Town Areas and Their Surroundings and Its Significance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ZHU Lixin MA Shengming WANG Zhifeng China University of Geosciences Beijing Institute of Geophysical Geochemical Exploration Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Langfang Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):286-290
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils. 相似文献
13.
TheMiddleandUpper~aninNorthCabhasbeenextenSiVelystudiedfor~yearSinbiostratigraphy(LuandDong,1953;Xiangatal.,1981;An,1982;Met,1993a,1993b).Ho~,thelithOStratigraphictntSwereunfortunatelydefinedbytrilobitezonesotherthanlithologitalcriteria,owingtothecomplicatedChangeSandt~itioninlithofades.CbnseqUentiy,thebio--,litho~andchronostrstigraphictntS~confuSed,asPOintedOuttosomeextentbyLuetal.(1994).Nevertheless,thezoningfossilsoftrilobiteSoCCUrredatthehorizonsSeparatedfromeachotherinseveralt… 相似文献
14.
内蒙古中部小南沟-明星沟地区出露一套新太古代片理化石英闪长岩和片理化英云闪长岩,岩石化学成分富 SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Na_2O、Ba、Sr、Mg~#和 LREE,而贫 Yb、Y 和 HREE,具有 Adakite(埃达克岩)及 TTG 岩系的特征,空间上与新太古界色尔腾山岩群绿岩密切伴生。在石英闪长岩体中获得2组锆石 U-Pb 等时线年龄为2575±1Ma 和2541±30Ma,是新太古代形成于板块消减带之上的洋壳部分熔融产物,对研究该地区地球早期演化和板块构造起源具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
我国东部新生代玄武岩中深源岩石包体内的尖晶石类矿物属铬尖晶石和铁尖晶石，金伯利岩及其地幔岩包体和金刚石中的尖晶石类矿物主要为铝铬铁矿。玄武岩中橄榄岩类包体内的尖晶石比其辉石岩类包体中的尖晶石含Ｃｒ高，含Ａｌ低，这与Ｃｒ为相容元素、Ａｌ为不相容元素、玄武岩中橄榄岩类包体是上地幔部分熔融出玄武岩浆后的残留物及其上地幔岩石的捕虏体、而辉石岩类是玄武岩浆结晶的产物有关。玄武岩中深源岩石包体中的尖晶石明显地比金伯利岩中的粗晶、地幔岩石包体及金刚石中的尖晶石含Ｃｒ低，含Ａｌ高，其主要原因是前者比后者形成的压力低 相似文献
16.
Bastian Joachim Anke Wohlers Nicholas Norberg Emmanuel Gardés Elena Petrishcheva Rainer Abart 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(1):19-27
Cylinders of synthetic periclase single crystals were annealed at 0.15–0.5 GPa and 900–1200 °C under water-saturated conditions for 45 min to 72 h. Infrared spectra measured on the quenched products show bands at 3,297 and 3,312 cm?1 indicating V OH ? centers (OH-defect stretching vibrations in a half-compensated cation vacancy) in the MgO structure as a result of proton diffusion into the crystal. For completely equilibrated specimens, the OH-defect concentration, expressed as H2O equivalent, was calculated to 3.5 wt ppm H2O at 1,200 °C and 0.5 GPa based on the calibration method of Libowitzky and Rossmann (Am Min 82:1111–1115, 1997). This value was confirmed via Raman spectroscopy, which shows OH-defect-related bands at identical wavenumbers and yields an H2O equivalent concentration of about 9 wt ppm using the quantification scheme of Thomas et al. (Am Min 93:1550–1557, 2008), revised by Mrosko et al. (Am Mineral 96:1748–1759, 2011). Results of both independent methods give an overall OH-defect concentration range of 3.5–9 (+4.5/?2.6) ppm H2O. Proton diffusion follows an Arrhenius law with an activation energy E a = 280 ± 64 kJ mol?1 and the logarithm of the pre-exponential factor logDo (m2 s?1) = ?2.4 ± 1.9. IR spectra taken close to the rims of MgO crystals that were exposed to water-saturated conditions at 1,200 °C and 0.5 GPa for 24 h show an additional band at 3,697 cm?1, which is related to brucite precipitates. This may be explained by diffusion of molecular water into the periclase, and its reaction with the host crystal during quenching. Diffusion of molecular water may be described by logDH2O (m2 s?1) = ?14.1 ± 0.4 (2σ) at 1,200 °C and 0.5 GPa, which is ~ 2 orders of magnitude slower than proton diffusion at identical P-T conditions. 相似文献
17.
安徽当涂杨庄铁矿床地质地球化学特征与成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨庄铁矿床位于宁芜中生代火山岩盆地西南段的钟姑山矿田内,属于宁芜地区玢岩型铁矿中次火山岩体与前火山岩系沉积岩接触带中的铁矿床。该矿床的主矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,产于闪长玢岩岩体与徐家山组接触带部位以及闪长（玢）岩岩体内部。矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、假象赤铁矿,脉石矿物主要为辉石、角闪石、长石、绿泥石、石膏、绢云母等。通过对该矿床地质地球化学特征和控矿因素的研究,认为杨庄铁矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,属于玢岩型热液充填-交代型铁矿床。 相似文献
18.
油气盆地储层构造裂缝定量预测研究方法及其应用 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
构造裂缝预测研究的基本方法有岩石破裂法、主曲率法、能量法、统计学方法.针对不同类型致密油气(田)藏,可采用不同方法或多方法综合处理.以川西新场气田为例,采用统计法和岩石破裂法相结合,预测了新场晚侏罗统蓬莱镇组中、上砂层组(J3p1、J3p2)、中侏罗统沙溪庙组(J 2 s)"A"和"C"砂岩层和千佛岩组(J 2q)砂砾岩层中裂缝发育状况.结果表明,研究区大部分高产气井和产气井与预测的喜马拉稚期构造运动形成的裂缝发育区一次发育区有很好的对应关系,具有两层以上裂缝发育区的叠合区,是天然气聚集最有利区块. 相似文献
19.
Epistemology and conceptions of people and nature in geography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrew Sayer 《Geoforum》1979,10(1):19-44
The paper attempts to integrate two major issues of debate in geography which are conventionally discussed separately: epistemology and conceptions of the relationship between people and Nature. Whichever issue we start with, two concepts are essential: intersubjectivity and labour. Knowledge of natural objects is tied to labour, which both subjects ideas to a kind of test and changes our position within Nature. All knowledge depends upon intersubjective understanding between people, but this implies that in social science, and hence in human geography, the traditional subject-object relationship should be recast as a form of communication between ‘knowing-subjects’. These relationships are not limited to some separate sphere of epistemology but are constitutive of society in Nature itself. Labour, though traditionally overlooked in geography, is the most active and transformative process in changing Nature and society, and intersubjectivity is an essential element of the irreducibly social character of human life. In this attempt, the paper outlines and justifies a historical materialist perspective through critical engagement with positivist and humanist approaches. It is then argued that false conceptions of people and Nature in geography are grounded in the structure and selfunderstanding of our own society such that a critique of these ideas becomes a critique of our society. 相似文献
20.
Structure and rheology of lithosphere in Italy and surrounding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We define the structure and rheology of the lithosphere in Italy and surrounding, combining the cellular velocity models derived from nonlinear tomographic inversion with the distribution vs. depth of hypocentres to assess the brittle properties of the Earth’s crust. We average, over cells sized 1 × 1 degree, the mechanical properties of the uppermost 60 km of the Earth, along with seismicity, grouping hypocentral depths in 4‐km intervals. For most of the cells, the earthquake energy is concentrated in the upper crust (4–12 km). For some regions, where orogenic processes occur, the release of earthquake energy is shallower and limited to the uppermost 10 km of the crust. Ambiguities in the structural models are minimized considering the hypocentral distribution, mainly to define the location of the Moho boundary, when its identification, based on shear‐wave velocities, is not straightforward. 相似文献