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1.
针对条斑紫菜栽培过程中出现的有害藻类问题,进行了叶状体和丝状体有害藻类分离与鉴定等相关研究。通过形态学分析和分子生物学鉴定,发现叶状体中的杂藻主要有大型绿藻(浒苔、曲浒苔)、大型红藻(红毛菜)以及微型绿藻和硅藻,丝状体中的杂藻主要为褐藻、微型绿藻和硅藻。针对部分微型杂藻进行了抑制剂处理实验,结果表明低浓度的抗生素可以有效抑制部分硅藻和绿藻的生长,二氧化锗对硅藻生长具有显著的抑制效果。研究结果为系统、全面认识条斑紫菜栽培过程中的有害藻类提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
作者研究了(NH_4)_2SO_4的浓度对条斑紫菜生长和单孢子形成、放散与附着的影响。在室内培养条件下,条斑紫菜的生长和单孢子形成、放散、附着要求的营养条件不完全一致。当硫酸铵的浓度增加到一定量时紫菜的生长受到抑制;低浓度时,单孢子的放散、附着少;高浓度时,单孢子放散、附着的多。 相似文献
3.
光线强度对条斑紫菜单孢子形成、放散和附着的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着条斑紫菜栽培事业和科学实验的进展,人们已对紫菜丝状体生长发育的规律有了较详细的了解,从而能够有效地促进紫菜丝状体大量形成和放散壳孢子及壳孢子的附着。然而对于紫菜叶状体形成、放散单孢子及其附着,除右田清治曾对单孢子的附着光强进行过研究外,尚未见到其他的报道。本实验就条斑紫菜单孢子的形成、放散和附着同光线强度的关系做了进一步实验观察,现将实验结果报告如下。 相似文献
4.
用温度为20℃、pH值从2—8的自然海水处理藻体20分钟后放入正常的自然海水中,测其光合作用速率。两种藻体的净光合作用速率随海水的PH值降低而降低;条斑紫菜可耐受pH值为3的酸度,而孔石莼却受到严重伤害。用pH为3的海水处理藻体,其光合作用速率随处理时间的延长而降低,孔石莼在14℃条件下,30分钟降为负值,在20℃条件下,10分钟降为负值;不同时间和温度处理的条斑紫菜均未出现负值。用pH为3的海水处理过的条斑紫菜和孔石莼,藻体放入pH为8.2的自然海水中培养7天后,条斑紫菜细胞结构正常;而孔石莼的细胞结构受到严重伤害,细胞壁分离解体,色素体破坏。 相似文献
5.
6.
海洋植物上的附着硅藻是贝类及鱼虾幼体的饵料,它的繁衍生息关系到经济动物的产量,且影响着经济藻类的产量和质量。金德祥在三十年代研究了厦门、平潭海藻洗液中的硅藻。后来厦门大学生物系硅藻科研组结合生产实际,调查了坛紫菜的敌害硅藻。在国外,Carter(1932—1933),Aleem(1949,1950,1969,1973),Edsbagge(1965,1966,1968),Castenkolz(1962,1966),Sullivan(1977,1979,1980)等人,广泛地探讨了附着硅藻的分布、群落结构及与宿主的相关性,积累了丰富资料。我们从1980年12月起,对九龙江口潮间带海洋植物上的附着硅藻进行了周年的研究。 相似文献
7.
紫菜色素突变体诱导的研究--Ⅰ.NG对紫菜壳孢子诱变的效果及遗传分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用强诱变剂N－甲基－N‘－硝基－N－亚硝基胍（NG）处理条斑紫菜、坛紫菜和半叶紫菜的新放散壳孢子，进行色素突变体诱导。结果表明：（1）各实验对照组均未检出突变事例。（2）处于萌发状态的三种紫菜壳孢子个体，在NG的诱变作用下都出现了色素突变。在实验的最低剂量（10μg/mL）处理中，条斑紫菜的突变率为57.9%，坛紫菜为30.7%，半叶紫菜为51.7%，均达到了很高的突变水平；（3）增加诱变剂浓度或延长诱变处理时间，并不能使突变率得以提高。在实验范围内，三种紫菜析诱变结果基本相似，各处理组的结果相当接近，突变率趋于接近50％水平。实验结果表明，亚硝基胍（NG）浓度为10μg/mL、处理时间为30min是适宜的诱变条件。 相似文献
8.
本文探索在海水中施氮、磷肥对条斑紫菜生长、总蛋白氨基酸与游离氨基酸(FAA)含量及组成的影响。试验设4项处理培养条斑紫菜：以自然海水作为对照、单施氮肥、单施磷肥及氮肥与磷肥配合。结果显示：单施氮肥能略促进条斑紫菜的生长,并显著促进总氨基酸含量和FAA含量的增加;单施磷肥显著促进条斑紫菜生长,但使总氨基酸含量降低,FAA含量也显著低于单施氮肥组和氮肥与磷肥配合施用组;氮肥与磷肥配合施用,条斑紫菜生长的相对生长率最高,条斑紫菜的总氨基酸含量和FAA含量也显著增加,并使呈味氨基酸增加,改善条斑紫菜食用品质。所以氮肥和磷肥配合施用,对条斑紫菜生长和品质改善具有互助效应。 相似文献
9.
10.
植物在逆境下产生活性氧,诱导抗氧化酶活性、抗逆基因表达上调。采用梯度盐度胁迫的方法处理条斑紫菜,发现高盐胁迫下细胞内脱落酸(ABA)含量随盐度的增加而增加,提示条斑紫菜中可能存在ABA介导的抗氧化代谢通路。利用ABA间接合成途径相关的几种抑制剂处理条斑紫菜叶状体,高盐胁迫诱导氧自由基产生,在藻体复苏过程中通过测定光合作用参数的恢复情况,探测藻体受到的氧化伤害,从而证明条斑紫菜中ABA生物合成的可能路径。结果显示多效唑显著降低了光系统II的电子传递能力,说明条斑紫菜中C5前体的合成是通过类似真菌的MVA途径;萘普生减缓了光合参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中ABA合成途径类似于类胡萝卜素参与的间接途径;然而,间接途径合成最后一步的抑制剂钨酸钠却没有影响条斑紫菜胁迫后光合作用参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中可能存在经由脱落醇生成ABA的支路途径,而脱落醇可作为活性分子,调控抗氧化酶的表达。烯唑醇则可能引起ABA的分解代谢受到抑制,导致过氧化氢的过度产生,并最终对机体产生不利影响。本文的结果为后续条斑紫菜ABA介导的抗氧化机制解析提供了数据支持。 相似文献
11.
W. E. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):425-430
Gomphonema novo‐zelandicum sp. nov., the dominant epiphytic diatom on Carpophyllum maschalocarpum and C. flexuosum, growing in the sublittoral fringe zone in northern New Zealand, is described and its taxonomic status determined. This diatom, although present on other macroalgae from the same zone, is predominantly epiphytic on these 2 species of Carpophyllum, maintaining substantial populations on them throughout the year. 相似文献
12.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):221-229
Kelp forests are believed to host a large biomass of epiphytic fauna and flora, including diatoms, which constitute the base of aquatic food webs and play an important role in the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. Epiphytic diatom assemblages associated with two common species of South African kelps, Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida, were investigated in this study. Primary blades of adult and juvenile thalli of both kelp species were sampled at False Bay in July 2017 and analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Our findings showed that both kelp species hosted relatively low densities of diatoms (ranging from 7 [SD 5] cells mm?2 on adult specimens of L. pallida to 43 [SD 66] cells mm?2 on blades of juvenile E. maxima), with Amphora and Gomphoseptatum reaching the highest absolute abundances. Although non-metric multidimensional scaling showed overlapping and largely scattered sample sets, a significant relationship between the diatom communities and the species and age of the host macroalga was detected by two-way PERMANOVA. In general, more abundant and diverse diatom communities were observed on juvenile thalli than on adult thalli, with species belonging to Navicula and Rhoicosphenia contributing significantly to the observed dissimilarity. Due to a significant interaction between species and age effects, however, the overall ability of kelp species, their age, and their interaction to explain the variation in diatom community structure was limited. We suggest that the low densities of epiphytic diatoms were directly related to the sloughing of epithelial cells observed in both kelp species. We further speculate that on such unstable substrata some diatom taxa might adapt to an endophytic life to avoid the antifouling mechanisms developed by their hosts. 相似文献
13.
云南鹤庆盆地晚第四纪硅藻植物群与环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
依据鹤庆ＨＱ孔０－１９ｍ沉积的硅藻资料,建立了７个硅藻组合带,它们记录了近７万年来鹤庆古湖中硅藻植物群的演化及反映的环境,该时期存在４个浮游硅藻繁盛的沉吟桫湖时期与其相间的三个浅水湖时期以底栖和附着类型硅藻为主,或缺乏硅藻化石。３０－１３ｋａＢ．Ｐ湖水频繁波动的时期为环境恶化时期。 相似文献
14.
Diatom communities and assemblages are widely used as indicators of ecological change in aquatic environments and for reconstructing palaeo-environments. Good calibration data sets, directly linking changes in diatom composition to environmental factors, are needed for building reliable gradient models with high indicative value. Such models have a broad applicability because most diatom species have cosmopolitan distributions. This paper presents community analyses of brackish-water diatoms living on submerged stones in four areas of the Baltic Sea proper along the Swedish coast. The communities on the stones were composed of epilithic, epiphytic, epipelic, epipsammic and occasionally some pelagic species. Altogether, 158 quantitative samples were taken at 41 sites between 23 April and 11 May, 1990, and the data set contained 300 diatom taxa belonging to 75 genera. Species data were analysed with principal components analysis (PCA) and environmental factors were fitted passively by multiple regression analysis on the ordination results. Differences in community composition could be explained by variation in salinity (which was correlated with N:P and Si:P ratios and the occurrence of macroalgae on the stones), nutrient concentrations and variation in exposure to wave action (which was correlated to the occurrence of soft bottoms around the stones, water temperature and the occurrence of sand grains and macroalgae on the stones). Separate analyses for small taxa (cell biovolume <1000 μm3), for large taxa (cell biovolume ≥1000 μm3) and for small and large diatom taxa together showed that diatoms of different size classes respond differently to environmental variation. 相似文献
15.
Contribution of benthic and epiphytic diatoms to clam and oyster production in the Akkeshi-ko estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The species composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in the water column and its contribution to clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, and oyster, Crassostrea gigas, production were studied in the Akkeshi-ko estuary, eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. A total 128 taxa of diatoms were identified,
with 103 and 102 species occurring on the surface sediments and in the water column, respectively. Amphora sp., Bacillaria paradoxa var paxilifer, Cocconeis scutellum, Navicula sp., Nitzschia sigma, Paralia sulcata, Rhoicosphenia curvata, Synedra ulna and Thalassiosira sp. were most common and dominant in all stations in both water column and surface sediment. Benthic diatoms were most dominant
in both water column and surface sediment. The species composition of epiphytes was, in part, similar to diatom assemblage
of the water column and also to that of the surface sediment. The benthic and pelagic ratio in the diatom assemblage of the
water column was very high. Benthic diatoms were able to resuspend into water column by turbulence stimulated by wind. Chlorophyll
a concentration in the water column increased as wind speed increased. Seventy and 67% of the gut contents oysters consisted
of benthic diatoms in 2003 and 2004 and also 78 and 87% of clams in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The availability of benthic
and epiphytic diatom assemblages contributes significantly to food resources for clam and oyster mariculture due to resuspension
by disturbance in the Akkeshi-ko estuary. 相似文献
16.
Lake Poukawa, a shallow hardwater lake, is situated on calcareous lake silt overlying peat and alluvium. Two tephra layers, Taupo Pumice and Waimihia Lapilli, aged c. 2000 and 3500 calendar years respectively, were present in four cores (c. 6 m long) of the lake sediment. The diatom flora of the cores was studied to find any indication of changes in the lake morphology and to assess the effects of tephra deposition. Increased abundance of small Fragilaria spp. appears to indicate periods when the lake was less extensive, c. 3700–3500 y ago, and c. 2800–3000 y ago. In the recent past, increased abundance of Fragilaria spp. in lake sediment near the present southern margin almost certainly coincides with artificial draining since A.D. 1931. The occurrence of marine sponge spicules in the cores probably indicates that rates of erosion in the catchment were low before 2500 y ago and high 100–0 y ago. Diatom samples taken at close intervals adjacent to the Taupo and Waimihia tephras indicate that above the ash estimated numbers of diatoms per unit dry weight increase, but the proportion of epiphytic species decreases. Some of the possible causes of this increase are discussed. The tephra layers possibly preserved more diatom frustules, or increased diatom growth by supplying silica, phosphorus, and sulphur nutrients directly, or organic matter from vegetation damage in the surrounding catchment. Alternatively, in shallow hardwater lakes, if acids are deposited with the tephra and its fine particles form an impermeable layer on the calcite sediments the lake will become less alkaline and nutrient depleted. 相似文献
17.
Anna R. Armitage Vanessa L. Gonzalez Peggy Fong 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(3):375-380
Strong interactions between top-down (consumptive) and bottom-up (resource supply) trophic factors occur in many aquatic communities, but these forces can act independently in some microphytobenthic communities. Within benthic estuarine diatom assemblages, the dynamics of these interactions and how they vary with abiotic environmental conditions are not well understood. We conducted a field experiment at two sites with varying habitat characteristics to investigate the interactive effects of grazers and nutrients on benthic estuarine diatoms. We crossed snail (Cerithidea californica) and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) addition treatments in enclosures on a restored tidal sandflat and a reference tidal mudflat in Mugu Lagoon, southern California. We repeated the study in summer 2000 and spring 2001 to assess temporal variation in the interactions. Snails caused a large decrease in diatom relative abundance and biomass (estimated as surface area); nutrients increased diatom abundance but did not alter diatom biomass. Snails and nutrients both reduced average diatom length, although the nutrient effect was weaker and temporally variable, occurring in the reference mudflat in the spring. There were few interactions between snail and nutrient addition treatments, suggesting that links between top-down and bottom-up forces on the diatom community were weak. There were no consistent differences in diatom assemblage characteristics between the two study sites, despite marked differences in sediment grain size and other abiotic characteristics between the sites. The strong diatom response to herbivores and weaker responses to enrichment differed from the previous studies where cyanobacteria increased in response to nutrient enrichment, further dissolving the “black box” perception of microphytobenthic communities. 相似文献
18.
Benoit Lebreton Pierre Richard Robert Galois Gilles Radenac Camille Pfléger Gaël Guillou Françoise Mornet Gérard F. Blanchard 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
A current predominant paradigm emphasizes the role of epiphytic algae for invertebrates in most seagrass food webs. However, in some intertidal Zostera noltii beds, epiphyte biomass is very low compared to microphytobenthos and seagrass biomasses. We assessed the role of microphytobenthos in a temperate intertidal Z. noltii bed by combining stable isotope and fatty acid (FA) analyses on primary producers, composite sources — suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) and sediment surface organic matter (SSOM) — and the main macrofaunal consumers. Z. noltii showed high δ13C (−9.9‰) and high 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) contents. Microphytobenthos was slightly more 13C-depleted (−15.4‰) and had high levels of diatom markers: 14:0, 16:1(n-7)c, 20:5(n-3). Low mean δ13C (−22.0‰) and large amounts of diatom and bacteria (18:1(n-7)c) markers indicated that SPOM was mainly composed of a mixture of fresh and decayed pelagic diatoms. Higher mean δ13C (−17.9‰) and high amounts of diatom FAs were found in SSOM, showing that microphytobenthic diatoms dominate. Very low percentages of 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) in consumers indicated a low contribution of Z. noltii material to their diets. Grazers, deposit and suspension-deposit feeders had δ13C close to microphytobenthos and high levels of diatom FAs, confirming that microphytobenthos represented the main part of their diet. Lower δ13C and higher amounts of flagellate FAs – 22:6(n-3) and 16:4(n-3) – in suspension feeders indicated that their diet resulted from a mixture of SPOM and microphytobenthos. These results demonstrate that invertebrates do not consume high amounts of seagrass and highlight the main role of benthic diatoms in this intertidal seagrass bed. 相似文献
19.
研究了杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolorReeve)鲍苗脱落死亡周期中水质、硅藻和细菌变化情况。结果显示,鲍苗脱落前各水质指标无明显变化,脱落前硅藻数量大幅度增加,以卵形藻(Cocconeisspp.)和舟形藻(Naviculaspp.)为主要种类。同时发现一株可疑致病菌,初步鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。实验表明水质等相关因子与鲍苗脱落无直接关系,而硅藻很可能是致病菌的“载体”,整个附着膜微环境与鲍苗存亡息息相关。 相似文献
20.
Hyung Seop Kim Wonho Yih Jong Hyeok Kim Geumog Myung Hae Jin Jeong 《Ocean Science Journal》2011,46(3):205-209
The occurrence of harmful epiphytic dinoflagellates is of concern to scientists, the aquaculture industry, and government
due to their toxicity not only to marine organisms but also to humans. There have been no studies on the abundance of the
epiphytic dinoflagellates in Korean waters. We explored the presence of epiphytic dinoflagellates in the coastal waters off
Jeju Island, southwestern Korea. Furthermore, we measured the abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates on the thalli of 24 different
macroalgae, collected from five different locations in October 2009. Five epiphytic dinoflagellate genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum were found. These five genera were observed on the thalli of the macroalgae Chordaria flagelliformis, Martensia sp., Padina arborescens, and Sargassum sp., while none were observed exceptionally on Codium fragile. The abundance of Ostreopsis spp. was highest on Derbesia sp. (8,660 cells/g wet weight), while that of Gambierdiscus spp. was highest on Martensia sp. (4,870 cells/g-ww). The maximum abundances of Amphidinium spp., Coolia spp., and Prorocentrum spp. were 410, 710, and 300 cells/g-ww, respectively. The maximum abundance of Coolia spp., Gambierdiscus spp., and Ostreopsis spp. obtained in the present study was lower than for other locations reported in literature. The results of the present
study suggest that the presence and abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates may be related to the macroalgal species of the
coastal waters of Jeju Island. 相似文献