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1.
从短期气候预测关注的外强迫信号角度出发,回顾了国内外在海温异常对东亚夏季风和我国汛期降水影响机理方面的主要研究进展,重点评述了热带太平洋ENSO循环、热带印度洋全区一致型海温模态、热带印度洋海温异常偶极子、南印度洋偶极子和北大西洋海温三极子模态的年际变化及其对东亚夏季风年际变率的影响。从研究成果在短期气候预测业务中应用的角度,重点关注海温异常和东亚夏季风年际变率以及我国汛期降水多雨带位置的关系,总结了海温异常作为外强迫信号对我国汛期降水预测的指示意义以及汛期降水预测的难度。最后指出气候预测业务对东亚夏季风影响的机理研究和动力气候模式发展方面的需求。 相似文献
2.
The Indian subcontinent witnessed a severe monsoon drought in 2002, which largely resulted from a major rainfall deficiency
in the month of July. While moderate El Nino conditions prevailed during this period, the atmospheric convective activity
was anomalously enhanced over northwest and north-central Pacific in the 10–20°N latitude belt; and heavy rainfall occurred
over this region in association with a series of northward moving tropical cyclones. Similar out-of-phase rainfall variations
over the Indian region and the northwest (NW) Pacific have been observed during other instances of El Nino/Southern Oscillation
(ENSO). The dynamical linkage corresponding to this out-of-phase rainfall variability is explored in this study by conducting
a set of numerical experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model. The results from the model simulations lend
credence to the role of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies in forcing the out-of-phase precipitation variability
over the NW Pacific and the Indian monsoon region. It is seen that the ENSO induced circulation response reveals an anomalous
pattern comprising of alternating highs and lows which extend meridionally from the equatorial region into the sub-tropic
and mid-latitude regions of west-central Pacific. This meridional pattern is associated with an anomalous cyclonic circulation
over NW Pacific, which is found to favor enhanced tropical cyclonic activity and intensified convection over the region. In
turn, the intensified convection over NW Pacific induces subsidence and rainfall deficiency over the Indian landmass through
anomalous east-west circulation in the 10–20°N latitude belt. Based on the present findings, it is suggested that the convective
activity over NW Pacific is an important component in mediating the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection dynamics. 相似文献
3.
利用1979-2018年252个台站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析等资料,分析了江南初夏降水集中期降水(Rainfall in the Precipitation Concentrated Period,RPCP)的时空演变及其环流特征,并通过寻找其前期物理因子建立统计预测模型。结果表明:(1) 6月10-29日为江南初夏降水集中阶段,其降水呈现全区一致的空间分布结构。20世纪90年代初—21世纪初江南地区为多雨期,在此期间RPCP强度存在3~5 a的周期振荡;(2)与异常偏多的RPCP显著相关的热带海温异常从EP El Ni1o转为CP La Ni1a,即RPCP异常偏强通常发生在EP El Ni1o衰减阶段,随后将出现CP La Ni1a发展事件;(3)前期冬春季ENSO海温信号、赤道中太平洋SLP异常及印度洋—海洋性大陆SLP趋势均可通过增强菲律宾海反气旋对RPCP异常变化产生影响。基于这3个物理因子建立统计预测模型,预测与观测结果相关系数达0.63,说明该模型可为江南初夏降水的季节性预测提供有用工具。 相似文献
4.
两类ENSO背景下中国东部夏季降水的环流特征及关键系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用全国160站逐月降水资料、74项环流指数、HadISST月平均海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对比分析了两类ENSO事件衰减阶段中国东部夏季降水及相应大气环流的差异,并探讨其可能成因。结果表明:1)EP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负正(负正负)的三极型反相分布;CP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负(负正)的偶极型反相分布;2)El Ni?o事件次年夏季,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)及南亚高压均偏强,EP型西太副高偏西、南亚高压偏东,CP型西太副高范围更大、强度更强;La Ni?a事件次年夏季,西太副高及南亚高压强度偏弱,CP型强于EP型但弱于气候平均;3)El Ni?o事件期间西北太平洋上存在异常反气旋,EP型位置偏南,强度更强,持续时间更长,CP型位置偏北,范围更大;La Ni?a事件期间,西北太平洋区域至中国东南部存在异常气旋,EP型异常气旋的强度及范围均不及CP型;4)两类El Ni?o事件期间异常反气旋的差异可能与印度洋海盆增暖及太平洋海温持续性偏冷有关;两类La Ni?a事件期间异常气旋的差异可能由赤道西太平洋海温持续偏暖造成。 相似文献
5.
东亚和南亚季风协同作用对西南地区夏季降水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究东亚夏季风（EASM,East Asian summer monsoon）和南亚夏季风（SASM,South Asian summer monsoon）相互作用及其强弱变化对西南地区夏季降水的影响,利用1979—2019年西南地区161站逐日降水观测资料和ERA-5提供的1979—2019年全球再分析资料,通过对比西南地区夏季标准化降水指数与东亚和南亚夏季风强度指数的相关,提出了东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风的4类协同作用,并分析了4类季风协同作用对西南地区降水的影响。结果表明:（1）EASM和SASM存在强EASM-强SASM、强EASM-弱SASM、弱EASM-弱SASM和弱EASM-强SASM 4类季风协同作用,其对应的协同年降水特征分别为四川盆地西部型、西南全区一致型、四川全盆地型及西南东部型。（2）强EASM-强SASM年,西太平洋副热带高压偏东偏弱,伊朗高压偏西偏弱,印度半岛东北部与中国南海存在两个气旋式环流,EASM将中国南海—西太平洋的水汽输送至西南地区,西南地区整体水汽辐合较弱,多下沉运动,降水较少,成都平原存在较明显的水汽辐合,上升运动明显,降水较多。强EASM-弱SASM年,西太平洋副热带高压偏东偏弱,伊朗高压偏东偏强,反气旋式环流与气旋式环流位于印度半岛南部与西太平洋,EASM将中国南海—西太平洋的水汽输送至西南地区,西南地区有明显的水汽辐合和上升运动,降水较多。弱EASM-弱SASM年,西太平洋副热带高压西伸与东伸的伊朗高压打通,低纬度地区无明显的环流圈,孟加拉湾西侧水汽向北输送至四川盆地,并伴有明显的上升运动,其余地区水汽辐散,气流下沉,降水较少。弱EASM-强SASM年则与强EASM-弱SASM年基本相反。 相似文献
6.
亚澳季风异常与ENSO准四年变化的联系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了赤道地区纬向风的年际变化特征，以及亚澳季风与ENSO在各个位相的联系。结果表明：赤道纬向风变化与中东太平洋海温变化在准四年周期上是强烈耦合的；在El Eino期间东亚冬季风弱，夏季风强，而南亚夏季风弱，反之，在La Nina期间东亚冬季风强，夏季风弱，而南亚夏季风强；东亚地区的异常北风有利于西太平洋西风异常爆发，使得东太平洋海温升高，但只有随后在中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常，El Nino才能发展，其中来自太平洋中部的异常北风（并不是来自东亚大陆地区）和南太平洋中部的异常南风的辐合对中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常起重要的作用，尤其是澳大利亚东北部的季风异常的影响更为显。 相似文献
7.
A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function(S-EOF) analysis was applied to the seasonal mean SST anomalies(SSTAs) based on the HadISST1 dataset with linear trend removed at every grid point in the South Pacific(60.5-19.5 S,139.5 E-60.5 W) during the period 1979-2009.The spatiotemporal characteristics of the dominant modes and their relationships with ENSO were analyzed.The results show that there are two seasonally evolving dominant modes of SSTAs in the South Pacific with interannual and interdecadal variations;they account for nearly 40% of the total variance.Although the seasonal evolution of spatial patterns of the first S-EOF mode(S-EOF1) did not show remarkable propagation,it decays with season remarkably.The second S-EOF mode(S-EOF2) showed significant seasonal evolution and intensified with season,with distinct characteristics of eastward propagation of the negative SSTAs in southern New Zealand and positive SSTAs southeast of Australia.Both of these two modes have significant relationships with ENSO.These two modes correspond to the post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years,respectively.The SEOF1 mode associated with the decay of the eastern Pacific(EP) and the central Pacific(CP) types of ENSO exhibited a more significant relationship with the EP/CP type of El Nin o than that with the EP/CP type of La Nin a.The S-EOF2 mode contacted with the EP type of El Nin o changing into the EP/CP type of La Nin a showed a more significant connection with the EP/CP type of La Nin a. 相似文献
8.
基于1951—2012年逐月海洋和大气多种要素的再分析资料,分析了与两类El Nino相伴的IOD(Indian Ocean Dipole,印度洋偶极子)事件盛期的海洋和大气异常特征,并进一步对比了与不同类型El Nino相伴的IOD事件的季节演变及对应的海气耦合过程。结果表明:两类IOD事件盛期时,暖海温强度和位置有显著差异。发生在东部型El Nino期间的IOD事件(简称EP-IOD)盛期,正(负)SSTA中心出现在热带西北(赤道东南)印度洋,强度相当,对应的热带印度洋—海洋大陆异常Walker环流强度较强、范围较大;与中部型CP El Nino相伴的IOD事件(简称CP-IOD)的正SSTA相对较弱,且偏于南印度洋,异常Walker环流较弱、较窄。在季节演变中,两类IOD事件期间的局地海气过程差异显著,伴随着西印度洋西南季风减弱和东印度洋异常东风加强,EP-IOD事件的发展以西正东负的偶极型异常海温的出现及加强为主要特征;而CP-IOD事件的发生发展则与西北印度洋异常冷海温的生消及南印度洋暖水的堆积相伴,表现为"-+-"三极型SSTA的出现并转为西正东负偶极型的过程,夏季时出现在东印度洋的异常东风以及赤道中印度洋低层负涡度异常水平环流对其发展具有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
利用1961—2008年陕西78个气象站夏季 (6—8月) 降水资料、NCEP/NCAR位势高度场和风场月平均再分析资料,采用合成及相关分析方法探讨ENSO发展和衰减阶段对陕西夏季降水异常的影响,以期为陕西夏季降水的气候预测提供线索和依据。结果表明:陕西夏季降水异常对ENSO发展和衰减阶段的响应存在显著差异,El Ni?o发展阶段和La Ni?a衰减阶段,陕西夏季降水偏少; El Ni?o衰减阶段和La Ni?a发展阶段,陕西夏季降水偏多; ENSO不同阶段对陕西7月降水影响最为显著。比较而言,El Ni?o事件对陕西夏季降水的影响更加显著。在El Ni?o衰减、La Ni?a发展阶段,西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,而在El Ni?o发展、La Ni?a衰减阶段,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、偏东,东亚夏季风偏强,El Ni?o过程对东亚夏季风强弱的影响更加显著。ENSO发展和衰减阶段通过影响大气环流变化和东亚夏季风的强弱,进而影响陕西夏季降水。 相似文献
10.
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a main driving force of the northern hemisphere summer monsoon rainfall, including the Indian Summer Rainfall (ISR). The impacts of typical ENSO and atypical ENSO events on the ISR remain unclear during their developing summers. This study examines the different linkages between a typical ENSO and the ISR and between an a typical ENSO and the ISR. During the developing summer of a typical El Niño, negative rainfall anomalies are seen over the northeastern Indian subcontinent, while the anomalous rainfall pattern is almost the opposite for a typical La Niña; as for an atypical ENSO, the approximate “linear opposite” phenomenon vanishes. Furthermore, an anomalous global zonal wave train is found at mid-latitudes, with a local tripole circulation pattern over central–eastern Eurasia during the developing summer of a typical ENSO, which might explain the corresponding rainfall response over the Indian Peninsula. By contrast, such features are not obvious during the developing summer of an atypical ENSO. Among 106-year historical runs (1900–2005) of nine state-of-the-art models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5), HadGEM2-ES exhibits promising skill in simulating the anomalous circulation pattern over mid-latitudes and central–eastern Eurasia. Probably, it is the model’s ability to capture the linkage between a typical ENSO and the ISR and the characteristics of a typical ENSO that makes the difference. 相似文献
11.
ENSO 与中国东部夏季降水的关联 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
计算1 月减6 月El Niño 3.4 指数与6—8 月平均200、850 hPa 风场的相关矢量,分析中等或强ElNiño/La Niña 事件后的夏季(6—8 月)中国东部降水异常分布、西太平洋副热带高压异常特征。结果表明,对ENSO 的响应,无论高、底层大气环流还是西太平洋副热带高压,1970 年代中期气候突变后变为更敏感。主要表现在:对衰减的El Niño 的响应,夏季南亚高压偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏南,印度季风、南海季风减弱,黄河下游以南副热带季风增强。黄河中下游及以南形成异常环流辐合带,由El Niño 导致的降水正异常最有可能出现在这一西南-东北的带状区域。对衰减的La Niña 响应大致相反。 相似文献
12.
Two types of three-dimensional circulation of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) act as the coupling wheels determining the seasonal rainfall anomalies in China during 1979–2015. The first coupling mode features the interaction between the Mongolian cyclone over North Asia and the South Asian high(SAH) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau at 200 hPa. The second mode presents the coupling between the anomalous low-level western Pacific anticyclone and upperlevel SAH via the meridional flow over Southeast Asia. These two modes are responsible for the summer rainfall anomalies over China in 24 and 7 out of 37 years, respectively. However, the dominant SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the North Atlantic Ocean fail to account for the first coupling wheel's interannual variability, illustrating the challenges in forecasting summer rainfall over China. 相似文献
13.
The Interannual Variations of Summer Precipitation in the Northern Indian Ocean Associated with ENSO 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP),NOAA extended reconstruction sea surface temperature(ERSST),and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,this study investigates the interannual variation of summer rainfall southwest of the Indian Peninsula and the northeastern Bay of Bengal associated with ENSO.The composite study indicates a decreased summer rainfall southwest of the Indian Peninsula and an increase in the northeastern Bay of Bengal during the developing phase,but vice versa during the decay phase of El Ni o.Further regression analysis demonstrates that abnormal rainfall in the above two regions is controlled by different mechanisms.Southwest of the Indian Peninsula,the precipitation anomaly is related to local convection and water vapor flux in the decay phase of El Ni o.The anomalous cyclone circulation at the lower troposphere helps strengthen rainfall.In the northeastern Bay of Bengal,the anomalous rainfall depends on the strength of the Indian southwest summer monsoon(ISSM).A strong/weak ISSM in the developing/decay phase of El Ni o can bring more/less water vapor to strengthen/weaken the local summer precipitation. 相似文献
14.
By prescribing sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)over eastern equatorial Pacific inJanuary—March,the lag influence of ENSO(El Nino and La Nina)on monsoon over East Asiahas been studied.The results suggest that,due to the excitation of atmospheric low-frequencyoscillation by the SSTA,ENSO has significant lag influence on the monsoon over East Asia.During the summer after E1 Nino,the subtropical high over western Pacific is intensified andshows the northward and westward displacement,meanwhile,the rainfall over East China isbelow normal,especially in North China:during the winter after E1 Nino,both the Asian troughand the winter monsoon over East Asia are strengthened.During the summer after La Nina,theanomalous subtropical high prevails over the lower reaches of Yangtze(Changjiang)River,therainfall between Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers is below normal:during the winter after La Nina,both the Asian trough and the winter monsoon over East Asia are weaker.Compared with LaNina,the effect of El Nino is stronger,but it is not always opposite to the one of La Nina. 相似文献
15.
Interdecadal changes in the relationship between Southern China winter-spring precipitation and ENSO 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jiepeng Chen Zhiping Wen Renguang Wu Zesheng Chen Ping Zhao 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(5-6):1327-1338
Winter-spring precipitation in southern China tends to be higher (lower) than normal in El Niño (La Niña) years during 1953–1973. The relationship between the southern China winter-spring precipitation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is weakened during 1974–1994. During 1953–1973, above-normal southern China rainfall corresponds to warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial central Pacific. There are two anomalous vertical circulations with ascent over the equatorial central Pacific and ascent over southern China and a common branch of descent over the western North Pacific that is accompanied by an anomalous lower-level anticyclone. During 1974–1994, above-normal southern China rainfall corresponds to warmer SST in eastern South Indian Ocean and cooler SST in western South Indian Ocean. Two anomalous vertical circulations act to link southern China rainfall and eastern South Indian Ocean SST anomalies, with ascent over eastern South Indian Ocean and southern China and a common branch of descent over the western North Pacific. Present analysis shows that South Indian Ocean SST anomalies can contribute to southern China winter-spring precipitation variability independently. The observed change in the relationship between southern China winter-spring rainfall and ENSO is likely related to the increased SST variability in eastern South Indian Ocean and the modulation of the Pacific decadal oscillation. 相似文献
16.
ENSO对亚洲夏季风环流和中国夏季降水影响的诊断研究 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24
文中以ＳＶＤ分析技术为基础,发展了一种用以提取一个矢量场和一个标量场耦合信号的统计诊断方法——联合ＳＶＤ方法（简记为ＣＳＶＤ）,并运用ＣＳＶＤ分析了ＥＮＳＯ对亚洲季风环流系统及中国夏季降水的年际变化的影响。结果表明,在ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年,印度夏季风减弱,东亚夏季风增强;而在ＬａＮｉｎａ年,印度夏季风增强,东亚夏季风减弱。且ＥＮＳＯ对亚洲夏季风环流影响显著的区域主要在长江流域南北气流交汇区和索马里急流区,而对中国夏季降水影响最显著的区域则在江淮流域。 相似文献
17.
利用NOAA向外长波辐射(OLR)、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CN05.1降水资料,研究了南亚和东亚热带夏季风强度年际变化关系,及其强弱不同配置对中国夏季降水的影响。结果表明:南亚和东亚热带夏季风强度变化之间存在同相和反相两种配置,定义的强度同相和反相变化指数可以很好地表征该关系。同相变化模态可能与海温异常时的强El Nino(La Nina)影响有关,其反相变化模态受El Nino(La Nina)以及印度洋海盆一致模的影响,同时西太平洋副热带高压和伊朗高压位置东西偏移和强度变化也影响着不同配置的出现。两者不同配置时,对中国夏季降水的影响不同。当变化呈同相偏强时,夏季中国东部地区降水为“中间少南北多”的雨型。当变化呈反相,东亚热带夏季风偏强南亚夏季风偏弱时,夏季中国东部地区降水为“一致偏少”雨型。 相似文献
18.
Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor and coherent climate anomalies in post-ENSO summer: A review 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on the Asian summer monsoon. This review provides historical accounts of major milestones and synthesizes recent advances in the endeavor to understand summer variability over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region. Specifically, a large-scale anomalous anticyclone(AAC) is a recurrent pattern in post-El Ni ?no summers, spanning the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian oceans. Regarding the ocean memory that anchors the summer AAC, competing hypotheses emphasize either SST cooling in the easterly trade wind regime of the Northwest Pacific or SST warming in the westerly monsoon regime of the North Indian Ocean. Our synthesis reveals a coupled ocean–atmosphere mode that builds on both mechanisms in a two-stage evolution. In spring, when the northeast trades prevail, the AAC and Northwest Pacific cooling are coupled via wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The Northwest Pacific cooling persists to trigger a summer feedback that arises from the interaction of the AAC and North Indian Ocean warming, enabled by the westerly monsoon wind regime. This Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor(IPOC) effect explains why El Ni ?no stages its last act over the monsoonal Indo-Northwest Pacific and casts the Indian Ocean warming and AAC in leading roles. The IPOC displays interdecadal modulations by the ENSO variance cycle, significantly correlated with ENSO at the turn of the 20 th century and after the 1970 s, but not in between. Outstanding issues, including future climate projections, are also discussed. 相似文献
19.
厄尔尼诺衰减年东亚夏季大气环流和降水异常的耦合模式后报试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)新一代耦合气候模式(FGOALS)进行了气候异常季节后报试验,通过对1982—2005年7个个例的分析,探讨了厄尔尼诺衰减年夏季东亚大气环流和降水异常发生的物理机制。分析结果表明:FGOALS可以模拟出厄尔尼诺衰减年夏季相关气候场的异常态特征,表现为在西北太平洋为负海温异常,在热带印度洋为正海温异常,从而导致西北太平洋地区大气中低层异常反气旋环流的维持,其反气旋的西南部及西部的偏南及西南气流造成中国长江中下游地区降水的异常增多。在提前3—9个月的预测模拟中,模式可以模拟出气候场的异常演变,随着预测时间的延长,产生局地耦合的西北太平洋海表温度异常信号变弱,使得模拟出的西北太平洋反气旋异常偏弱、中心东移,从而导致影响东亚降水的气候场的异常变弱,降水异常区偏东。模拟结果也揭示出,西北太平洋海表温度负异常是厄尔尼诺异常信号的转换模态,并且,由于局地海-气相互作用,热带海温异常信号可以持续到第2年夏季,从而引起东亚大气环流和降水异常。对于东亚降水的季节预测出现误差可能是模式对ENSO的模拟偏差造成的,随着预测时间延长,模式模拟的厄尔尼诺信号偏弱,这将使得海表温度异常偏弱,同时相关物理场的异常响应也减弱。 相似文献
20.
B. G. Hunt 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(9-10):2271-2285
Output from a multi-millennial control simulation of the CSIRO Mark 2 coupled model has been used to investigate quantitatively the relation between the Indian summer monsoon rain and El Nino/Southern Oscillation events. A moving window correlation between these two features revealed marked interannual and multi-decadal variability with the correlation coefficient varying between ?0.8 and +0.2. This suggests that current observations showing a decline in this correlation are due to natural climatic variability. A scatter diagram of the anomalies of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and NINO 3.4 surface temperature showed that in almost 40 % of the cases ENSO events were associated with rainfall anomalies opposite to those implied by the climatological correlation coefficient. Case studies and composites of global distributions of surface temperature and rainfall anomalies for El Nino (or La Nina) events highlight the opposite rainfall anomalies over India that can result from very similar ENSO surface temperature anomalies. Composite differences are used to demonstrate the unique sensitivity of Indian summer monsoon rainfall anomalies to ENSO events. The problem of predicting such anomalies is discussed in relation to the fact that time series of the monsoon rainfall, both observed and simulated, consist of white noise. Based on the scatter diagram it is concluded that in about 60 % of the cases seasonal or annual prediction of monsoon rainfall based on individual ENSO events will result in the correct outcome. Unfortunately, there is no way, a priori, of determining for a given ENSO event whether the correct or a rogue prediction will result. Analysis of the present model’s results suggest that this is an almost world-wide problem for seasonal predictions of rainfall. 相似文献