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1.
以往研究认为煌斑岩类及其风化壳因规模小且稀土元素难以高度富集,不易形成稀土元素矿床。然而,本文通过对黔东南麻江隆昌、龙山、大塘、石板寨及和尚坟地区20件风化煌斑岩类中稀土元素进行测试分析发现,风化煌斑岩类中稀土元素含量普遍偏高,ΣREE+Y介于558. 78×10-6~2409.94×10-6(平均1461.21×10-6),其中LREE平均1346.44×10-6,HREE平均53.52×10-6,稀土元素具有高度富集甚至成矿的潜力。其中石板寨、和尚坟煌斑岩风化程度较强,稀土元素富集程度较高,隆昌、龙山等地煌斑岩风化程度相对较弱,稀土元素富集程度相对较低。煌斑岩类风化壳中高度富集轻稀土元素,且以La、Ce、Nd、Pr相对富集为特征。电子探针分析表明,风化煌斑岩类中稀土元素多以稀土独立矿物形式存在,其中以独居石为主。  相似文献   

2.
黔西北上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩风化壳中铌富集机制初探   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
近年越来越多的研究显示,贵州西北一带的峨眉山玄武岩风化壳上存在一套富铌、锆、钛、镓、稀土的多金属矿层,主要与风化壳中的黏土岩有关,不过,其中有关铌的赋存状态和富集机制仍有待研究.文章对黏土岩物质来源做出厘定,认为风化壳黏土岩层主要来源于高钛的峨眉山玄武岩,铌、锆、稀土等元素也继承自玄武岩.铌主要赋存于铁铝质黏土岩中(w(Nb)100×10-6～250×10-6),含矿岩层中上部铌含量高,下部低,具体表现为w(Nb)自下而上,升高—(略微)降低—(再)升高的规律,尤以铁铝质黏土岩中铌含量最高.在峨眉山玄武岩喷发事件中,铌一方面随玄武岩喷出地表,在平缓低洼的盆地地带冷凝,另一方面酸性火山灰进入大气,形成酸雨并随之降落汇聚在先期成岩的低洼地区,形成酸性环境使原岩内的铌被侵蚀残留在原地.随着火山作用停止,酸雨不再产生,沉积环境中的水体因热水循环、海侵海退和大气降水与外界物质交换,酸性逐渐被中和乃至偏碱性,铌随黏土质沉积成岩,最终在玄武岩风化壳内富集.  相似文献   

3.
二叠系峨眉山玄武岩顶部与上覆龙潭组不整合面广泛发育区域性古风化壳,该类古风化壳在川滇黔地区广泛分布,具有产出层位稳定,厚度大,多元素富集特点.目前,总体上对该类古风化壳的成矿和资源潜力研究程度不高,本次在水城—纳雍地区开展系统的岩石地球化学调查发现该层位具有明显的钪、铌、稀土矿化.矿化富集层中w(Sc2O3)介于40×10-6～133×10-6,平均73×10-6,w(Nb2O5)介于30×10-6～392×10-6,平均229×10-6,w(∑RE2O3)介于0.052％～0.214％,平均0.093％.钪、铌、稀土具有较明显的"分异"和"分层"富集特征,钪主要富集于中下部含铁质粘土岩系,形成于弱还原环境,铌、稀土主要富集于上部铝质、碳质粘土岩系,形成于氧化-还原转换环境,稀土元素为LREE富集型,在含碳质粘土岩、碳质页岩中富集程度最高,暗示有机质在稀土元素的迁移、富集过程中可能起到了重要的介质作用.稀土配分、La/Yb-∑REE图解及Eu异常特征指示物源主要为峨眉山玄武岩,可能有少量中酸性火成岩的贡献.本文研究表明川滇黔地区的这类古风化壳中的钪、铌、稀土具有较大的资源潜力,未来有望成为古风化壳型(古风化-沉积型)钪、铌、稀土矿床的重要产出层,具有巨大的勘查、评价及综合研究价值.  相似文献   

4.
土屋斑岩铜矿位于大南湖晚古生代岛弧带中段,矿体主要赋存于闪长玢岩中。闪长玢岩为钠质亚碱性系列:w(SiO2)51.56%~56.98%;w(Al2O3)16.41%~19.17%;w(Na2O)2.6%~5.42%;w(K2O)0.582%~2.24%;全碱w(Na2O+K2O)3.182%~6.205%;w(K2O)/w(Na2O)为0.144~0.78。微量元素蛛网图右倾,大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素相对亏损,Nb、Ta负异常明显。稀土总量较低,ΣREE为34.06×10-6~96.02×10-6,轻稀土富集,LREE/HREE为3.40~5.98,δEu为0.65~1.10,没有发生明显的斜长石结晶分异作用;δCe为0.90~0.99,表明氧化条件弱。根据闪长玢岩地球化学、U-Pb年代学及构造环境图解分析,显示闪长玢岩体形成于哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块活动陆缘。  相似文献   

5.
云南建水普雄铌稀土矿床是近年来发现的一处大型铌稀土多金属矿床,产于霞石正长岩和碱性正长岩组成的长岭岗碱性岩体的风化壳中,累计探明铌资源量超过5.7×10~7 kg,总稀土资源量超过47×10~7kg。目前,对该矿床的研究主要集中在矿物学特征和找矿勘查技术上,在矿床地球化学研究方面,仅限于部分成矿元素(如铌和稀土等)的基本分析上。本次工作在深入的野外观测基础上,对具有代表性的12号勘探线64号钻孔进行了系统取样(24件)和高精度微量、稀土元素含量分析。结果显示,微量元素与上地壳元素平均含量相比,全部样品Li、Ga、Nb、Sb、Cs、Pb、Th和U等有不同程度富集;稀土元素相对球粒陨石也均有不同程度富集,但稀土总量变化范围较大,总体上表现为全风化层样品(∑REE介于1046×10~(-6)～9154×10~(-6))高于粘土层(630×10~(-6))和半风化层样品(163×10~(-6)～1369×10~(-6)),表明成岩作用和风化过程导致了这些元素的不同程度富集。此外,全部样品的轻稀土总量和重稀土总量比值较大,轻稀土元素和重稀土元素间分异明显,∑LREE/∑HREE=20～58,(La/Yb)N=25～143,轻稀土元素内部分异((La/Sm)N=11～26)较重稀土元素内部分异明显((Gd/Yb)N=1～6),表明稀土元素发生了不同程度分异和富集。全部样品Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.5～0.7),Ce异常显著,正、负异常均有(δCe=0.1～3.8),表明成岩作用和风化过程没有导致Eu异常改变,但对Ce异常产生了显著影响。综上,普雄铌稀土矿床富集多种三稀(稀有、稀土和稀散)元素,成岩作用和风化过程共同导致了三稀元素不同程度分异和富集。  相似文献   

6.
那哥铜多金属矿床是江南古陆西南端黔东南地区多金属矿床的典型代表。该矿床产于新元古界地层中,受近东西向构造控制,与辉绿岩空间接触。利用ICP-MS,本文系统获得了该矿床矿石、赋矿围岩、外围花岗岩和隐伏花岗斑岩的REE组成,结果显示矿石具有变化的总稀土含量(∑REE=6.61×10-6～235×10-6)、轻稀土富集和负Eu异常(δEu=0.59～0.88)特征;赋矿围岩∑REE值范围较宽,介于74.2×10-6～286×10-6,并具有轻稀土富集和负Eu异常(δEu=0.79～0.88)特征;辉绿岩∑REE值介于78.1×10-6～90.9×10-6,较为稳定,为轻稀土富集和不明显的Eu异常特征(δEu介于0.98～1.01);花岗岩总稀土含量稳定(∑REE=132×10-6～193×10-6),具有轻稀土富集和明显的Eu负异常特征(δEu介于0.55～0.79);新发现隐伏花岗斑岩∑REE=74.9×10-6～120×10-6,具有轻稀土明显富集和显著的Eu负异常(δEu=0.44～0.56)。对比研究认为,那哥铜多金属矿床成矿流体中的REE主要继承围岩,表明部分成矿物质由赋矿地层岩石提供。  相似文献   

7.
针对对铜陵桂花冲花岗闪长斑岩进行岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,结果表明该花岗闪长斑岩高硅富碱(w(SiO2)平均为63.60%,w(Na2O+K2O)平均为7.09%,K2O/Na2O为0.51~0.68),属高钾钙碱性系列岩石。岩石稀土总量低(ΣREE在187.43×10-6和209.19×10-6之间),但轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损(ΣLREE/ΣHREE为15.00~16.49,(La/Yb)N为22.37~28.45),且具弱负Eu异常(δEu在0.75~0.83,平均为0.80)。同时,岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,Th和U),而亏损高场强元素(Nb和Ta)。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年测得花岗闪长斑岩年龄为(138.3±1.4)Ma,表明该岩体的形成时代为早白垩世,与铜陵矿集区中生代主要成矿岩体的年龄(137.5 Ma±1.1Ma~151.8Ma±2.6Ma)一致。该花岗闪长斑岩形成于碰撞后构造环境,是由壳幔混合岩浆冷却结晶形成的。  相似文献   

8.
石家湾钼矿床位于东秦岭钼成矿带的西部黄龙铺地区,矿体主要分布于石家湾花岗斑岩外接触带的围岩中,呈细脉-网脉浸染状产出,属斑岩型矿床。花岗斑岩岩石呈斑状结构,斑晶与基质成分相同,主要矿物包括钾长石、石英、斜长石和黑云母。锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学研究表明,花岗斑岩的年龄为139.9～145.6Ma,加权平均年龄为(141.4±0.6)Ma(MSDW=1.00),侵位于早白垩世,与辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄138Ma相近。岩石地球化学分析表明,石家湾花岗斑岩具有高硅〔w(SiO2)70.52%～73.04%〕、富碱〔w(Na2O)+w(K2O)为8.13%～9.12%〕、准铝质特征(A/CNK为0.99～1.13);稀土元素总量中等偏低(∑REE为145.27×10-6～156.97×10-6),富集轻稀土元素(∑LREE为135.38×10-6～145.97×10-6),中等Eu亏损(δEu0.65～0.71),标准化曲线呈右倾;微量元素以富集Rb、Ba、U而亏损P、Ti、Ta、Nb元素为特征。岩石具有较高的Sr初始比值(0.7073～0.7077)及较低的εNd(t)值(-14.8～-16.0)...  相似文献   

9.
安哥拉Bonga碳酸岩型铌矿床位于Parana'-Angola-Etendeka碱性岩-碳酸岩火成岩省东部,是一个孤立产出的中心式岩栓,侵入于元古宙花岗岩基底中。岩石地球化学研究表明,Bonga岩体由钙碳酸岩和少量的镁碳酸岩组成,岩体成分从钙碳酸岩向镁碳酸岩演化。矿物组合上,钙碳酸岩以方解石为主,副矿物有磷灰石、磁铁矿、烧绿石和少量稀土矿物;镁碳酸岩以白云石为主,烧绿石含量降低,稀土矿物含量增高。富钙碳酸岩(摩尔比值Ca O/Ca O+Mg O+Fe O+Mn O0.83)中Nb含量较高,变化于148.1×10~(-6)~8394×10~(-6),平均为2127×10~(-6),∑REE变化于1441×10~(-6)~9452×10~(-6),平均为2791×10~(-6),LREE/HREE变化于16.7~58.3,平均为25.0;富镁碳酸岩(摩尔比值Ca O/Ca O+Mg O+Fe O+Mn O0.83)Nb含量降低,变化于300.9×10~(-6)~3910×10~(-6),平均为1502×10~(-6),∑REE升高,变化于1659×10~(-6)~18849×10~(-6),平均为7111×10~(-6),轻稀土更加富集,LREE/HREE增大,变化于19.1~114,平均为57.6。铌在碳酸岩浆演化的早期富集,铌矿化主要与富钙碳酸岩有关;稀土元素的富集相对较晚,主要与富镁碳酸岩有关。对碳酸岩碳氧同位素的瑞利分馏模拟计算(RIFMS模型)结果表明,Bonga碳酸岩的铌矿化(烧绿石沉淀)主要受岩浆作用控制,其温度不低于600℃。  相似文献   

10.
卡来花岗闪长斑岩是班怒带演化的重要岩浆活动记录,通过采用LA-MC-ICP-MS技术对其进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,年龄为175.0±2.7Ma(n=15,MSWD=3.4)。微量元素原始地幔标准化数据显示岩石具富集K、Rb、Th大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P高场强元素的特征。ΣREE平均203.67×10-6,LREE平均149.12×10-6,HREE平均21.53×10-6,LREE/HREE平均为6.93,属典型轻稀土富集型,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化显示轻稀土高分馏而重稀土微弱分馏—无分馏。通过各类适用于中酸性岩石的地球化学图解判定,认为该岩体是班公湖—怒江洋盆萎缩过程中于中侏罗世早期(阿林期)向南侧冈底斯地块俯冲环境下的岛弧岩浆产物,物质来源主要为地壳熔融产物,并混入了靠近俯冲带的深海沉积物。  相似文献   

11.
The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements.  相似文献   

12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1510-1522
Quantum-chemical interpretations of differentiation of the “normal” magmatic melt (the “Bowen's fork”) show certain defects in the traditionally crystallochemical interpretations of mineral structures and of the sequence of crystallization of minerals. The “dynamic unit,” in transitions from phase to phase and from lattice to lattice, proves to be the uncharged SiO2 molecule and not the SiO4 tetrahedron, which is but a static architectural detail of crystal structures. Different mechanisms and types of silicification (figs. 3-8), condensation and structures of the chains (figs. 9-14), structures of zeolites and other aluminosilicates (figs. 14, 17, 18), and the quantumchemical representation of corundum, as “molecular” Al2O3, illustrate further reevaluations of traditionalism in mineralogy.  相似文献   

13.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

14.
Stratiform quartz-sulphide lodes in Ingladhal occur in a typical Precambrian green-stone-belt environment comprising metabasalts, tuff, chert and cherty iron-sulphide formation. Unusually high cobalt contents of metavolcanics and of sulphide minerals in orebodies suggest a consanguinity between ores and rocks. 90% of total nickel, 70% of total cobalt but only 30% of total copper in rocks occur in silicate phases and thus indicate an early separation of copper from cobalt and nickel. Unusually high non-sulphide copper in barren bedded cherts implies availability of Cu-rich solution prior to their lithification. Pyrite in sediments, in volcanics, and in orebodies is characterized by a distinctive pattern of Co-Ni distribution in each case. Partitioning of Co and Ni between coexisting sulphide pairs is complex, but gross equilibrium is indicated. Very high trace metal content of orebody pyrite sharply contrasts with very low such values in pyrite from adjacent sediments and points to a higher temperature of formation of orebodies.  相似文献   

15.
A theoretical model was developed to study the chemical speciation of the trace elements Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb aqueous solutions and their responses to variations in ionic strength and complexation. Two mixing solutions were investigated, a freshwater-seawater system and a freshwater-brine system. The brine was a calcium, sodium-chloride solution with a molal ionic strength of two. Trace element associations with the ligands OH?, Cl?, CO2?3, SO2?4, and HCO?3 were considered at pHs from 3.5 to 11.0 at 25°C. In general, the relative importance of the various ligand-trace element complexes can be predicted from a comparison of their stability constants. However, the effect of pH on the importance of a given complex is not readily apparent from the stability constants. Freshwater-seawater mixtures, as might be found in a totally mixed estuary, show that seawater composition is the dominant control on chemical complexing. Chloride complexing is similar for lead and zinc in the freshwater-brine mixtures. This similarity may account in part for the association of lead and zinc in strata-bound ore deposits.  相似文献   

16.
Precise determination of REE and Ba abundances in three carbonaceous (Orgueil Cl, Murchison C2 and Allende C3) and seven olivine-bronzite chondrites were carried out by mass spectrometric isotope dilution technique. Replicate analyses of standard rock and the three carbonaceous chondrites demonstrated the high quality of the analyses (accuracies for REE are ±1–2 per cent). Certain carbonaceous chondrite specimens showed small positive irregularities in Yb abundance. The Yb ‘anomaly’ (approximately + 5 per cent relative to the average of 10 ordinary chondrites) in Orgueil may relate to high temperature components. The REE pattern of Guareña (H6) exhibits comparatively extensive fractionation (about factor 2) with a negative anomaly for Eu (17 ± 1 percent) compared to the average H chondrite. This could be interpreted in terms of extensive thermal metamorphism leading to melting.Apart from absolute abundance differences, there appears to be small but recognizable fractionation among the average relative REE abundances of Cl, E, H and L chondrites. However, individual chondrites within these groups showed more or less fractionated REE patterns relative to each other. The distinction between H and L chondrites was well demonstrated in Eu-Sm correlation curves and absolute abundance differences of REE and major elements.Si-normalized atomic ratios of the REE abundances in different kinds of chondrites to those in Orgueil (Cl) chondrite were 0.58 (E), 0.75 (H), 0.81 (L), 1.07 (C2) and 1.32 (C3).  相似文献   

17.
Diffusion coefficients for Sm, Sr, and Pb in fluorapatite at 900°–1250°C were obtained by measuring experimentally-induced diffusional uptake profiles of these elements in the margins of gem-quality apatite crystals. The crystals were immersed in synthetic melts enriched in the trace elements of interest and presaturated in apatite, and the resulting diffusion gradients were characterized by electron microprobe analysis. Except in the case of Pb, the diffusivities define good Arrhenius lines for the respective elements: DSm = 2.3 × 10?6exp(?52,200/RT) DSr = 412 exp(?100,000/RT). (Diffusion perpendicular to and parallel to c is measurably different in the case of Sr; the Arrhenius equation given above is an average for the two directions). Results on Pb were erratic, probably because extremely Pb-rich melts were used for some of the experiments. Data believed to be reliable define the following Arrhenius line: DPb = 0.035 exp(?70,000/RT). Constraints based on closure of natural apatites with respect to Pb suggest that the experimental data can be extrapolated, with sizeable uncertainty, to temperatures as low as 550°C.When applied to the question of isotopic and trace-element equilibration of residual or entrained apatites with crustal melts, the measured diffusivities indicate that 0.05-cm crystals will rarely preserve the original Pb-isotope characteristics of the source; the same is not true, however, of Sr (and, under some conditions, the REE), which may be unaffected at crystal cores during typical melting events.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability.  相似文献   

20.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

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