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青藏高原2.8Ma来的环境演化及其对构造事件响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文根据青藏高原中部错鄂湖深钻研究的最新成果,结合东部若尔盖盆地湖泊沉积物记录,探讨了青藏高原2.8Ma以来的环境演化过程和高原构造隆升运动对环境演化的影响。初步研究显示:大约2.8MaBP错鄂湖构造成盆;2.6MaBP左右孢粉组合、粒度特征、岩性变化等均记录了一次强烈的构造隆升运动;2.6Ma~0.8Ma时段,高原可能处于一种整体隆升过程中的相对夷平阶段;若尔盖古湖揭示了0.9MaBP来的3次构造隆升运动,反映了高原环境演变的三个阶段;和黄土底界相当的错鄂湖沉积记录显示并未干旱的特征;黄土旺盛堆积时期(L15、L9、L6)高原湖泊记录的气候特征为偏湿气候。 相似文献
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红粘土序列由7个古土壤组合和与之相间的红色黄土组合组成,它们是建议的地层划 分和对比的一级单位。系统的古地磁研究表明,黄土高原风尘沉积开始的年龄约为7．2MaB．P．,它标志着晚新生代亚洲内陆干旱化的开始,可能意味着青藏高原在此时达到了有意义的高度,东亚古季风环流基本建立。风尘沉积速率与夏季风强度在长时间尺度上的耦合揭示了它们与青藏高原高度的共同联系,也意味着青藏高原可能经历了多次隆升和夷平过程;第四纪黄土-古土壤序列是2.6～2.8MaB.P．全球冰期-间冰期气候旋回建立的证据。 相似文献
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在全球变暖背景下,未来东亚季风的变化一直备受关注,而东亚季风演化规律的研究能够为未来的预测提供重要基础。黄土-古土壤序列几乎连续地记录了古东亚季风变化的信息,本文选取黄土高原东南部的荥阳、偃师、灵宝、吉县、丁村五个剖面进行磁化率和古风化强度分析,重建了黄土高原东南部两万年以来的东亚夏季风演化历史: 18～12 ka B. P.,季风强度较弱; 12～10 ka B. P.,季风强度显著增强; 10～6 ka B. P.,季风强度最强; 6 ka B. P.以后季风强度逐渐减弱。对比发现黄土高原东南缘全新世东亚夏季风的演化与东亚季风区不同纬度代表性记录基本同步,没有显著的区域性差别; 东亚夏季风变化主要受控于北半球低纬太阳辐射,但存在明显滞后。同时发现全新世古土壤磁化率与古风化强度峰值在地层中的位置往往不一致,在风化较强的地区,古风化强度最大值位置偏下,两个指标相比,古风化强度能够更客观地反映东亚夏季风强度。 相似文献
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新近纪以来中国黄土高原的风尘记录 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对黄土高原中部两个典型的风尘堆积序列的岩性和磁性地层研究 ,认为中国黄土高原风尘堆积的开始发育年龄至少约为 7.2 Ma B.P.。以红粘土和黄土—古土壤交互出现的风尘沉积 ,不仅真实地记录了东亚季风气候的形成演化 ,而且可能包含了青藏高原的阶段性隆升、北半球冰盖形成演化及大冰期发生等构造气候事件的印记。反映粉尘源区的干燥度及携带粉尘的大气环流强度的风尘沉积速率自 7.2 Ma B.P.开始、尤其是 4.5 Ma B.P.以来逐渐增大 ,似乎暗示了自新近纪以来亚洲内陆粉尘源区干旱化的逐级发展和东亚冬季风环流强度的逐渐增加 相似文献
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青藏高原与全球环境变化研究进展 总被引：56，自引：1，他引：56
文章从 4个方面简要介绍了青藏高原与全球环境变化的最新研究进展 :(1)新生代青藏高原的隆升过程与东亚环境演化 ;(2 )末次间冰期以来的气候环境记录及重大气候突变事件 ;(3)青藏高原2ka以来温度、降水变化特征 ;(4 )青藏高原近代气候变化及其环境响应。主要结论有 :第三纪青藏地区曾两次隆升与夷平 ;7MaBP开始高原再次抬升 ,3 6MaBP以来经历了强烈隆起。高原季风的形成演化与高原隆升过程紧密相联 ,2 5MaBP高原季风由浅薄系统变为深厚系统 ,现代季风格局形成。在约 1 1～ 0 8MaBP间青藏高原进入冰冻圈 ,西北地区干旱化、主要沙漠扩展、周边地区新的黄土体系形成均与此有关。高原气候在冰期 /间冰期循环时间尺度上具有升温缓慢、降温迅速的特征。达索普冰芯记录中的CH4 浓度高出极区 15 %～ 2 0 %,并具有很大的波动性。青藏高原最新的一次大湖期时代在 40～ 2 5ka ,代表着一次特强的夏季风暖湿事件。古里雅冰芯研究发现气候突变事件频繁。高海拔地区比低海拔地区对全球气候变化反应更敏感。根据冰芯、湖芯、树轮和历史文献恢复揭示了2ka以来高原温度降水变化特征。百年来青藏高原气候经历了 3次突变 ,2 0世纪 5 0年代以来的变暖趋势超过北半球及同纬度地区。高原冰冻圈 (包括冰川、积雪和冻土 )对近代 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘晚新生代地质特征与古环境变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原东缘地区发育了完整的晚新生代湖相、黄土、红土和冰川沉积系列,不同成因的沉积物记录了晚新生代以来古环境时空变迁的信息。上新世昔格达湖相沉积发育于4.2～2.6MaBP,具有9个冷—暖气候环境变化阶段。川西风尘堆积始于1.15MaBP,连续记录了14个古季风变化旋回,成都平原红土记录了1.13Ma来的5个古环境演化阶段。青藏高原东缘发育了约4.3MaBP的老冰期,第四纪时期出现了5次极端古气候事件,对应为5期冰期。 相似文献
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新生代C4植被开始扩张的年代、过程和驱动机制是全球古气候变化研究的焦点问题.中国黄土高原的黄土-红粘土剖面保存了连续的古生态演化记录,是研究这一关键科学问题的理想载体.本文选择黄土高原北部佳县厚达64m的红粘土剖面(8.2～2.7Ma),对190个层位的次生方解石矿物进行了无机碳同位素测试,由此分析了晚中新世-上新世末的C4植被扩张和演化过程.C4植被持续增长与全球冰盖的扩张基本一致,表明气候变冷很可能导致了黄土高原区域气候的干旱化与降雨季节性的增强.C4植被的扩张存在明显的3个阶段,分别以6.6Ma和3.6Ma为界限,每一次扩张增加10％左右,暗示了全球性的构造事件对黄土高原植被演化的控制.此外,佳县红粘土剖面呈现10次持续时间为10 ～ 20万年的碳同位素正漂移事件,平均每40万年发生一次,说明40万年轨道周期也控制着C4植被的演化. 相似文献
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距今7Ma以来甘肃灵台剖面 Nd和 Sr同位素特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
测定了 7 Ma B.P.以来灵台剖面红粘土和黄土-古土壤序列的酸不溶物 Sr和 Nd同位素组成.样品酸不溶物 87Sr/86Sr变化可明显分为两个阶段.第一个阶段,从 7 Ma B.P.到 2.5 Ma B.P.,为红粘土层,酸不溶物 87Sr/86Sr稳定位于高值,反映了东亚冬季风处于相对平稳的弱势.第二个阶段,从 2.5 Ma B.P.到现在,酸不溶物 87Sr/86Sr呈下降趋势,波动加强,反映了东亚冬季风不断增强,并且冬季风和夏季风交替变化加强. 7 Ma B.P.以来灵台剖面红粘土和上覆的黄土-古土壤的 Nd同位素组成一致,并揭示 7 Ma B.P.以来,北太平洋中部沉积物与黄土高原黄土都来自相同的物源区. 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献